Q&A Hero

Q: Which characterizes newspapers during the Age of Jackson? a. politically insignificant, containing mainly household tips and human-interest stories b. partisan, presenting issues through the lens of their own parties platforms c. localized, reporting mainly on events in their own specific locations d. expensive, unaffordable for all but the wealthiest Americans e. unreliable, publishing on irregular and unadvertised schedules

Q: Which state referred to the Tariff of 1828 as an abomination? a. Virginia b. New York c. North Carolina d. Georgia e. South Carolina

Q: What was a general belief of the Democrats in the 1830s? a. The federal government should be more powerful than state governments. b. New corporate enterprises were suspicious. c. Only government could protect against social inequality. d. Government should exercise its power to try to improve private morality. e. Restraining individual competition was a good thing.

Q: The nullification crisis a. involved the fears of some slaveholders that the federal government might act against slavery. b. was based on southern concerns that tariffs were preventing the South from industrializing as fast as the North. c. largely concerned the opposition of southwestern planters to federally financed internal improvements. d. brought Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun closer together politically. e. attracted support from Whigs like Daniel Webster, who saw it as an opportunity to embarrass and annoy Jackson.

Q: In the Age of Jackson, Democrats typically believed that a. economic inequality was good for the economy. b. the government should stay out of economic affairs. c. the government should fund road and canal construction. d. the government should abolish slavery. e. bankers, merchants, and speculators produced most of the nations wealth.

Q: Who wrote Exposition and Protest and emerged by the early 1830s as the most prominent spokesman for the right of nullification? a. John C. Calhoun b. Henry Clay c. Andrew Jackson d. John Quincy Adams e. Daniel Webster

Q: Which presidents vision for America most resembled Alexander Hamiltons plans? a. Andrew Jacksons b. James Monroes c. Martin Van Burens d. John Quincy Adamss e. William Henry Harrisons

Q: Which of the following characterizes the practice of politics in America during the Age of Jackson? a. a mass spectacle that served as a kind of public entertainment b. a divisive issue that turned neighbor against neighbor and even broke up families c. a rigorous, intellectual undertaking, truly understood by only the most educated of Americas citizens d. a minor interest in the lives of people consumed by the tasks of raising families and earning a living e. an obsession of those living in urban areas, but little discussed by those living rural existences

Q: What did critics of the John Quincy Adams presidency accuse him of? a. making a corrupt bargain with the Whigs in order to win the election b. encouraging dissension between the northern and southern states to distract attention from his failures c. hurting the economy by undermining the American System of economic development d. allowing the states to pass laws that threatened the unity of the nation e. leading the federal government to overstep the bounds of what was constitutionally allowed

Q: Which is true of John Quincy Adams? a. He believed that a strong federal government enhanced personal liberty. b. As a Federalist senator, he had vehemently opposed Jeffersons embargo policy. c. He felt that the acquisition of new territory went beyond the powers granted the federal government by the Constitution. d. He strongly opposed the American System of economic development. e. He believed that Americas strength lay in its economic independence from global markets.

Q: What was Andrew Jacksons stance on African-American slaves? a. They deserved to receive all the rights of American citizenship. b. They should remain slaves or be freed and sent abroad. c. They should be pushed west of the Mississippi River. d. They should all be freed but remain as lower-class citizens. e. They deserved reparation pay for the hardships they suffered.

Q: The practice of giving a political office to someone based on party loyalty is called a. a meritocracy. b. the spoils system. c. paternalism. d. the party system. e. nepotism.

Q: What idea did John Quincy Adams promote that was not accepted in his presidency and is still rejected in todays United States? a. building national roads b. a publicly funded astronomical observatory c. congressional aid for farming d. official adoption of the metric system e. legislation promoting manufacturing

Q: What future vision did John Quincy Adams have for the United States? a. The Indian Tribes would establish small, independent nations in the far West, which would serve as allies to the United States. b. The United States would peacefully split into two nations, one with slavery and one without. c. The United States would be a nation without slavery by the year 1900. d. The United States would annex Canada following a third war with Britain. e. All of North America would eventually be part of the United States.

Q: Many of the members of Jacksons Kitchen Cabinet, as his group of close advisers was known, were a. bankers. b. newspaper editors. c. women. d. military officers. e. Protestant ministers.

Q: What did the citizens appeal to in the Appeal of Forty Thousand Citizens Threatened with Disfranchisement? a. violence. b. abolition of slavery c. the conscience of white males d. the hard work of white women in the home e. workers who had no protection on the job

Q: Which of the following statements about Martin Van Buren is true? a. By 1832, he had established the political machinery of the Whig Party. b. He wanted to see competition between political parties. c. Based on his strong intellectualism, he promoted the idea of a national university. d. He emphasized sectionalism over party loyalty. e. In the 1820s, he wanted politicians to focus more on ending slavery.

Q: In the 1820s and 1830s, political party machines a. did away with the spoils system. b. were abolished by Andrew Jackson. c. were always run by Whigs. d. lacked power in cities. e. provided benefits like jobs to loyal constituents.

Q: Why was Henry Clay charged with orchestrating a corrupt bargain during the 1824 election? a. He campaigned for the right to vote for free blacks in Pennsylvania in a bid to increase his own electability. b. He defected from the Whig Party in 1828 in order to support Jacksons presidential bid. c. He cast his vote for Adams in the presidential election in return for a cabinet post. d. He leaked a story to the press regarding Peggy Eaton to reduce the power of a political rival. e. He supported the Bank of American as a legislator, only to become its president in 1832.

Q: Which statement is true about the electoral college? a. By 1828, voters chose the presidential electors in every state except South Carolina. b. By 1828, the legislature chose the presidential electors in every state except Virginia. c. By 1828, voters chose the presidential electors in about half of the states. d. The electoral college was abolished in 1820. e. In states where voters chose the presidential electors, there was little campaigning and low voter turnout.

Q: In the presidential election of 1824, who received the most votes but failed to win a majority of either the popular or electoral votes, thus requiring the House of Representatives to select a president? a. Andrew Jackson b. Henry Clay c. John Quincy Adams d. James Monroe e. Nicholas Biddle

Q: Which occurred during the election of 1828? a. Adams fired most of the federal employees who openly campaigned for Jackson. b. One campaign slogan declared, Adams can fight, but Jackson can write. c. Adamss supporters questioned the morality of Andrew Jacksons wife, Rachel. d. Andrew Jackson accused John Quincy Adams of being a murderer. e. Andrew Jackson challenged Henry Clay to a duel because of 1824s corrupt bargain.

Q: By the time of Jacksons presidency, politics a. remained very much the province of the elite. b. was centered on the congressional elections held every other year. c. focused on organization, with the public refusing to tolerate showmanship or flowery oratory. d. often emphasized individual politicians with mass followings and popular nicknames. e. was completely under the control of Martin Van Buren.

Q: Both Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams suggested that the Missouri controversy of 18201821 a. demonstrated the wisdom of the founding fathers in adopting the three-fifths clause. b. should have been solved by adoption of the Tallmadge Amendment. c. was not as dangerous as President Monroe made it out to be. d. resulted from overly ambitious proslavery politicians seeking to score political points. e. revealed a sectional divide that potentially threatened the Union.

Q: What political quality did Andrew Jackson and George Washington share? a. a strong mistrust of banks b. a fear that states rights would threaten the unity of the nation c. a commitment to securing Native American land for white settlement d. a refusal to use the veto power e. an appeal to voters based at least partly on a history of military leadership

Q: The independence movements in Latin America between 1810 and 1822 a. led Spain to crack down and succeed in consolidating its power in the Americas. b. gained very little sympathy in the United States because of atrocities committed by revolutionaries. c. created thirteen different nations, each headed by a person of Indian ancestry. d. paralleled in some ways the independence movement that created the United States. e. created new nations that economically developed at a very fast rate.

Q: What argument does The Memorial of the Non-Freeholders of the City of Richmond make against the policy of granting the right to vote only to those who own property? a. Men do not have the right to limit or restrict the God-given freedom and liberty that all Americans are born with. b. Refusing those who do not own land the right to vote will create potentially violent class conflict. c. A robust democracy requires the participation of men from all social classes. d. Land ownership is not evidence of superior intelligence or moral judgement. e. The Constitution implies that the right to vote should be granted to all free men, without restriction.

Q: What were Spains only remaining American colonies in 1825? a. Mexico and Peru b. Ecuador and Chile c. Puerto Rico and Cuba d. Guatemala and El Salvador e. Venezuela and Colombia

Q: In the document The Memorial of the Non-Freeholders of the City of Richmond, what were the freeholders claiming? a. A majority of white males were not allowed to vote. b. Immigrants should be granted suffrage. c. Poor farmworkers should be granted free plots of land. d. The voting age needed to be lowered to fifteen. e. Women should be allowed to vote in local elections.

Q: How did Latin American republics established between 1810 and 1822 differ from the United States? a. Latin American constitutions extended the right to vote to Indians and free blacks. b. Latin American independence wars were generally shorter than the U.S. Revolutionary War. c. Economic development was easier to achieve in Latin American republics than in the United States. d. No Latin American republic ever had a civil war. e. Most Latin American countries denied suffrage to Indians and free blacks.

Q: What is the document Appeal of Forty Thousand Citizens Threatened with Disenfranchisement protesting? a. a New Jersey law taking away womens right to vote b. Rhode Islands refusal to honor the constitution ratified by the Peoples Convention. c. an amendment to the Pennsylvania constitution restricting voting rights to whites d. the practice, in New York State, of requiring voters to pass a literacy test e. the possibility that Maine would limit the right to vote to white males

Q: Which was a component of the Monroe Doctrine? a. The United States vowed to oppose efforts by European powers to establish any new colonies in the Americas. b. The United States and France signed a mutual assistance treaty, agreeing to aid one another in case of attack by a foreign power. c. The United States pledged financial support for the establishment of industry in the newly independent nations of South America. d. The United States formally declared its intention of claiming territory all the way to the Pacific Ocean. e. The United States declared its intention to adopt the metric system for official weights and measures by 1850.

Q: The Monroe Doctrine a. was the idea that all white men should have voting rights. b. secured Florida from Spain. c. declared the Americas off-limits to further European colonization. d. stated that the United States would be neutral in all international conflicts. e. settled the nullification crisis favorably for South Carolina.

Q: What significant issue did the Missouri Compromise aim to resolve? a. giving land to Native Americans b. the protective tariff c. slaves being treated as property d. the extension of slavery e. the abolition of slavery

Q: What would have been an accurate assessment of the Monroe Doctrine at the time? a. The Latin American revolutions had little in common with American ideals. b. It was more talk than action, as the United States was weak militarily. c. The United States had battle plans drawn to attack Europe to prevent further colonization. d. This was a plan to gain Canada from the British. e. It failed in helping the United States gain Florida.

Q: As part of the Missouri Compromise, what free state was admitted to the Union? a. Arkansas b. Maine c. California d. Louisiana e. Oregon

Q: The 1823 Monroe Doctrine a. was inconsistent with the idea of manifest destiny. b. was not a significant aspect of U.S. foreign policy until the twentieth century. c. declared that all republics in the Western Hemisphere were equal, and no republic should dominate another. d. was primarily aimed at preventing trade with new Latin American nations. e. reflected a rising sense of U.S. nationalism.

Q: Which was a result of the Panic of 1819? a. European demand for American farm products surged. b. Prices for western lands tripled within a span of ten years. c. The Second Bank of the United States declared bankruptcy. d. Some states suspended debt collections. e. John Marshall decided against the Second Bank of the United States in Gibbons v. Ogden.

Q: What position did President James Madison take regarding government-sponsored economic development? a. He spoke out vigorously against what Henry Clay called the American System. b. He approved a law that funded roads and canals throughout the eastern United States. c. He insisted that a constitutional amendment would be required to empower the federal government to build roads and canals. d. He signed into law John Calhouns bill providing funding for federally financed internal improvements. e. He was staunchly opposed to the creation of a new national bank, but supported tariffs on imported goods.

Q: In its decision in McCulloch v. Maryland, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a. the Indians were not allowed to sue the federal government. b. the Second Bank of the United States was constitutional. c. Catholics could not be barred from political office. d. the American System was unconstitutional. e. states could nullify federal laws with congressional permission.

Q: What was the precedent that Calhoun referred to when justifying federal funding of canals and roads? a. the National Road b. the construction of Washington, D.C. c. the creation of a standing army d. the Erie Canal e. the Louisiana Purchase

Q: What does the period known as the Era of Good Feelings indicate about American politics in the nineteenth century? a. Andrew Jacksons spoils system became a rallying cry for political reformers. b. Single-party rule did not result in the easing of sectional rivalries. c. The War of 1812 had created political tensions that were unresolved thirty years later. d. The Monroe Doctrine was successful in creating short-term harmony between Europe and the Western Hemisphere. e. The issue of slavery had ceased to be a central cause of tension within the American political system.

Q: Which was a component of the American System? a. States would be responsible for financing roads and canals. b. The federal government would create a new national bank. c. Slavery would not be allowed to spread north of latitude 3630′. d. The United States would not become involved in wars in Europe. e. Tariffs on imported goods would be reduced in order to encourage trade.

Q: The term Era of Good Feelings refers to the period of American history when a. the Federalist Party was at its strongest. b. there seemed to be political harmony during the Monroe administration. c. Americans united across party lines to declare war on Great Britain in the War of 1812. d. slavery was gradually abolished in all the states. e. Democrats and Whigs cooperated to solve the nations financial crisis.

Q: The Second Bank of the United States was created a. by Congress in 1816, with the support of President Madison. b. to counterbalance the power of the First Bank of the United States. c. by President Monroes executive order in 1820. d. by a group of New York bankers after the First Bank of the United States failed. e. by Congress in 1832, with the support of President Jackson.

Q: Under the Missouri Compromise of 1820, a. the remaining Louisiana Purchase territory was divided into slave and free zones. b. Congress banned slavery in any new territory that might ever be added to the United States. c. Missouri agreed to gradual emancipation of slavery in exchange for admission to the Union. d. Ohio became a free state to balance the admission of Missouri as a slave state. e. slave states gained a two-seat advantage in the U.S. Senate.

Q: Which is true of paper money in America in the early nineteenth century? a. It could be issued only by the federal government. b. It was in limited supply and used extensively only in the larger cities. c. It represented a promise to pay the bearer, on demand, a specific amount of gold or silver. d. Its value was determined by the president of the Second Bank of the United States. e. Its value could not legally exceed the amount of money that the bank printing it held in its vault.

Q: Why was a second Missouri Compromise necessary? a. Maines state constitution allowed slavery to continue until 1840. b. Missouris state constitution barred free blacks from entering the state. c. Henry Clay refused to vote for the first Missouri Compromise. d. Texas wished to enter the Union as a slave state at the same time. e. Missouris state constitution prohibited wage labor.

Q: Which was a cause of the Panic of 1819? a. a decline in the European market for American farm products b. debts incurred to finance the War of 1812 c. the Bank of Englands demand that American merchants pay their creditors in gold or silver d. a flood of immigrant labor into American cities e. the collapse of the Second Bank of the United States

Q: What was a result of the Panic of 1819? a. Many farmers and businessmen declared bankruptcy. b. Unemployment declined in eastern cities. c. Trust in banks increased. d. Many western states enlisted militias to collect debts. e. Political harmony increased.

Q: Which of the following was used as a justification for excluding women and blacks from voting during the Age of Jackson? a. Because these groups had not voted in Britain, they should not vote in America. b. Because the members of these groups were not citizens, they could not vote. c. Both of these types of people lacked the necessary intellectual capacity to be voters. d. Members of these groups had never asked to be included in politics. e. As they did not own property, they could not be expected to have the right to vote.

Q: The American System a. called for the abolition of tariffs because they violated free trade principles. b. made national banks illegal. c. proposed providing federal financing of internal improvements, such as roads and canals. d. was based on the idea that the government should not be involved in economic development. e. was opposed by President James Madison.

Q: In 1841, Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote that the most rabid Radical is likely to be conservative in what respect? a. his economic aspirations b. his views on women and marriage c. his views on free blacks d. his thoughts about immigration e. his religious beliefs

Q: What innovation led to mass production of newspapers and pamphlets in the 1820s and 1830s? a. the invention of the printing press b. Noah Webster publishing a dictionary for Americans c. the spread of telegraph wires d. the use of steam power for presses e. the creation of a postal system

Q: What marked Herman Melville as unique in mid-nineteenth-century America? a. He was a white minstrel show performer who refused to wear blackface or portray black characters as dishonest or unintelligent. b. He was an author who presented his black characters as stereotypes of happy, superstitious slaves. c. He was an author who portrayed complex, heroic black characters. d. He was an author who portrayed complex, strong women characters. e. He invented the racist minstrel show character Jim Crow.

Q: Which type of publication first began to be produced in the late 1820s? a. political pamphlets attempting to change public opinion b. newspapers that were published daily c. books written by escaped slaves d. alternative newspapers, such as labor and abolitionist publications e. full-color magazines

Q: In 1821, the New York constitutional convention that removed property qualifications for white voters also a. raised the property requirement for black voters, so most black New Yorkers could no longer vote. b. removed property qualifications for black voters, so all black New Yorkers could now vote. c. enfranchised Native Americans. d. enfranchised women. e. barred immigrants from voting.

Q: Which statement is true about women in the 1830s? a. Women gained the right to vote in most states. b. Womens participation in religious institutions declined. c. Women became lawyers, dentists, and architects for the first time in American history. d. Literacy rates for women of all classes and races decreased. e. An increasing number of women published their writing.

Q: What is true about race in the mid-nineteenth-century United States? a. Race replaced class as the boundary between men who enjoyed political freedom and those who did not. b. Some states accorded black Americans full equality before the law by todays standards. c. By 1860, black men could vote on the same basis as white men in every state north of Maryland. d. Most literature and popular culture rejected racist stereotypes. e. An ideology of racial superiority and inferiority developed in the South but was rejected in the North.

Q: Why were there more opportunities for women writers in the 1820s and 1830s? a. Girls became eligible to attend public schools in 1810, and a generation of young, literate women came of age during this period. b. There was a craze for fiction about female factory workers, especially those working in mills. c. Lydia Maria Child founded a publishing house that only published women writers. d. The reading public grew considerably, creating a growing market for all types of writing. e. Influential religious groups, such as the Quakers and Mennonites, popularized the idea that women had a role in the public sphere.

Q: By 1860, free black men could vote on the same basis as whites only in a. Virginia and Maryland. b. New York and Pennsylvania. c. the Upper Northwest (Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota). d. four states in the Lower South. e. five New England states.

Q: Which view of women in America first became prominent in the early nineteenth century? a. Women should not have the right to vote because they were too easily swayed by passions and emotions. b. Through education, women could develop into capable participants in American democracy. c. Women were too gentle and pure to be contaminated by the world of politics. d. Women who took jobs in factories were no longer fit to be wives and mothers. e. Women should not be allowed to speak publicly, as the Bible expressly forbade it.

Q: White male European immigrants a. could vote in some states almost from the moment they landed in America. b. had less access to the suffrage (the right to vote) in most states than free black men. c. were increasingly divided politically along ethnic lines as they gained the right to vote. d. could vote in all states within one month of immigration. e. were regarded as lower in status than free black men.

Q: Which statement is true in regard to democracy in the Age of Jackson? a. Jackson was a typical poor farmer who came to be an accurate symbol of the age. b. The justification for the disenfranchisement of women was similar to that used against blacks. c. The ideals of the Declaration of Independence expanded beyond white men. d. Alexis de Tocqueville wrote that democracy in the United States was overrated. e. States created after 1800 extended suffrage beyond white males.

Q: Which is true of the political positions of younger Republicans, such as Henry Clay, in the years immediately following the War of 1812? a. They embraced the idea that the nations economic independence required a manufacturing sector. b. They maintained the Jeffersonian belief that the future of the United States depended exclusively on agriculture. c. They believed that only the states had the constitutional right to enact policies to encourage economic development. d. They hoped to secure exclusive trading rights with Britain through trade agreements. e. They rejected James Madisons American System as being unconstitutional.

Q: What motivated the actions that resulted in the Dorr War? a. the fear that the federal government would attempt to outlaw slavery b. anxiety over the growing income inequality in the 1820s c. frustration over the federal governments failure to honor treaties made with Native American tribes d. the desire to create an independent government free of the Spanish empire e. a desire to expand Rhode Islands voting laws to include those who didnt own property

Q: According to Noah Websters American Dictionary, which term had become synonymous in American society with the right to vote? a. American b. citizen c. freeman d. property owner e. radical

Q: The Dorr War a. started as a disagreement over internal improvements in New York. b. refers to fighting that broke out between whites and Cherokees in Georgia. c. demonstrated the contentiousness of the national bank debate. d. divided Rhode Islanders over the issue of expanding voting rights for white men. e. resulted from the nullification crisis in South Carolina.

Q: What name is given to the sharp increase in printing and the availability of printed material in the 1830s? a. The Progressive Era b. Great Society c. Market Revolution d. Era of Good Feelings e. Information Revolution

Q: According to John OSullivan, the manifest destiny of the United States to occupy North America could be traced to a. the Treaty of Paris of 1783. b. a divine mission. c. the Adams-On s Treaty. d. the War of 1812. e. federal treaties with Indian nations.

Q: By 1840, 90 percent of which group in the United States was eligible to vote? a. adult white men b. adult U.S. citizens c. African-American adults d. adult women e. Native American adults

Q: What qualities did the British writer Harriet Martineau and the French writer Alexis de Tocqueville find notable about Americans in the 1830s? a. their ethnic and racial diversity b. their literacy level and the sophistication of their political discourse c. their religious piety and biblical knowledge d. their energy and materialism e. the informality of their dress and manners

Q: By 1840, U.S. national identity was primarily defined by a. a common religion. b. democratic political institutions. c. ethnic unity. d. the English language. e. fear of Canada.

Q: Andrew Jacksons inauguration was a. small and dignified. b. much like the previous presidential inaugurations. c. limited to only the upper crust of society. d. a large, rowdy event. e. a disastrous affair during which Jacksons opponents protested outside the White House.

Q: By 1840, approximately ________ percent of adult white men were eligible to vote. a. 40 b. 55 c. 65 d. 75 e. 90

Q: What did Andrew Jackson symbolize to most Americans during the Age of Jackson? a. the insidious nature of political rhetoric b. the failure of democracy c. the nobility of the hereditary elite d. the spirit of pacifism e. the triumph of political democracy

Q: What was a broadly accepted idea in the United States in the 1830s that was also a departure from Western thought? a. Only propertied people should participate in politics. b. Only highly educated people should participate in politics. c. Race and gender should not be barriers to political participation. d. Race and gender are social constructs. e. Sovereignty belongs to the mass of ordinary citizens.

Q: In the early to mid-nineteenth century, property qualifications for voting a. continued in Virginia because large-scale slaveholders dominated the states politics. b. survived in all of the slave states but in none of the free states. c. died out entirely, allowing all whites to vote in every state. d. were more popular in newer states than in the original thirteen. e. disappeared because of the Voting Rights Act championed by President Andrew Jackson.

Q: Which of the following did Alexis de Tocqueville observe about American society in Democracy in America? a. American culture had not changed much from its British precedents. b. America was not a true democracy, but rather a voter-selected oligarchy. c. The practice of democracy in American had created an important cultural shift. d. The decline of the Federalist Party, and the rise of one-party politics, was a threat to American democracy. e. The success of American democracy was dependent on strong presidential leadership.

Q: What was a voting requirement that all states except Rhode Island had eliminated by 1860? a. being male b. being white c. being a citizen d. owning property e. being twenty-one years or older