Q&A Hero

Q: Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa tried to revive a pan-Indian movement and unite against the white man.

Q: Free trade and sailors rights were two issues that drew the United States into the War of 1812.

Q: The usefulness of the Lewis and Clark expedition was hampered by their failure to keep written records of what they had seen.

Q: The War of 1812 was a military success for the United States.

Q: Most of the Indians Lewis and Clark encountered on their expedition had never met white people before.

Q: The aftermath of the War of 1812 confirmed the ability of a republican government to conduct a war without surrendering its institutions.

Q: Edmond-Charles Genet acted as an agent for Great Britain, trying to gain American support for the British in their war with France.

Q: The Twelfth Amendment required electors to cast separate votes for president and vice president.

Q: Jays Treaty effectively destroyed the American alliance with France.

Q: The expectation that a defeated party will peacefully cede to the victor was established by John Adams following the election of 1800.

Q: The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 proved to Federalists that democracy in the hands of the ordinary citizenry was dangerous.

Q: Seeing the events as an extension of Americas progress of liberty, Thomas Jefferson supported the Haitian Revolution and the establishment of Haiti as an independent nation in 1804.

Q: The Republican Party of today started in the 1790s.

Q: Slave artisans played a prominent role in Gabriels Rebellion.

Q: The Democratic-Republican Societies were composed mainly of Federalists who were seeking to eliminate differences between the parties and were modeled on the debate clubs of ancient Rome.

Q: Jeffersons presidency was characterized by a commitment to the policies that the Federalists had established.

Q: Newspapers and pamphlets were a primary vehicle for political debate in the early republic.

Q: Jefferson was interested in the Louisiana Territory because he wanted to secure permanent access to the port of New Orleans.

Q: Women were counted fully in determining representation in Congress, and there was nothing specifically limiting womens rights in the Constitution.

Q: The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions resulted from opposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts.

Q: What was the significance of the Hartford Convention? a. It was a sign of growing tensions between America and Canada. b. It resulted in the elimination of the three-fifths clause. c. It irrevocably turned public opinion against the Federalist Party. d. It featured the first call for secession in American history. e. It was the grounds for a treason trial against DeWitt Clinton.

Q: After the War of 1812, Americans were compensated for lost slaves a. by an international arbitration agreement decided by the Russian tsar. b. by the Treaty of Ghent. c. by Canadian towns buying the slaves freedom. d. by the slaves purchasing their freedom. e. by forcing France to pay Britains debts.

Q: Which of the following was a factor in the decline of the Federalist Party? a. its abolitionist platform b. its lack of funds c. its refusal to participate in the Hartford Convention d. its failure to mobilize voters e. its support of popular self-government

Q: Which of the following was a result of the War of 1812? a. Madisons Republican Party disappeared as a significant political group. b. Andrew Jackson was court-martialed for fighting the British after the war ended. c. Indians became increasingly powerful in the Old Northwest and the South. d. Americans felt ready to go to war again with Europe. e. The United States completed its conquest of the area east of the Mississippi River.

Q: What was a result of the War of 1812? a. The British posed a greater threat to American control of the land east of the Mississippi. b. White settlers fled Indiana, Michigan, Alabama, and Mississippi. c. Indians lost a great deal of land in the South. d. Indians in the Old Northwest gained a great deal of power. e. Andrew Jackson lost popularity.

Q: ___ 1. Gabriel ___ 2. Tecumseh ___ 3. John Marshall ___ 4. John Fries ___ 5. Matthew Lyon ___ 6. Mary Wollstonecraft ___ 7. Benjamin Franklin ___ 8. Toussaint LOuverture ___ 9. Henry Clay ___ 10. Aaron Burr ___ 11. Judith Sargent Murray a. was accused under the Sedition Act b. served as chief justice of the Supreme Court c. was a Haitian slave revolutionary d. organized a slave rebellion in America e. was a Pennsylvania militia leader tried for treason f. served as president of the Pennsylvania Abolition Society g. shot Alexander Hamilton in a duel h. wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman i. acted as a leader of the War Hawks j. argued for equal educational opportunities for women k. led efforts to revive a pan-Indian movement

Q: What happened along the U.S.-Canada border during the Embargo Act of 1807? a. The United States attacked British forts. b. All trade halted between Americans and Canadians. c. The smuggling of goods increased. d. France regained part of Quebec. e. Indians attacked a town in Vermont.

Q: ___ 1. strict constructionists ___ 2. Jays Treaty ___ 3. Friess Rebellion ___ 4. Louisiana Territory ___ 5. War Hawks ___ 6. Marbury v. Madison ___ 7. Virginia resolution ___ 8. impressments ___ 9. Sedition Act ___ 10. quasi-war ___ 11. Hartford Convention ___ 12. XYZ Affair a. established the power of judicial review b. was a bribery scandal the hurt Americas relationship with a former ally c. attacked the Sedition Act as unconstitutional and was directed at the federal government d. was an uprising by farmers in Pennsylvania e. was an unofficial conflict with France, with French ships seizing American ships in the Caribbean f. was the practice of forcing American sailors into the British navy g. placed restrictions on freedom of the press and was part of the greatest crisis of the Adams administration h. called for amending the three-fifths clause and signaled the end of the Federalist Party i. name for a new generation of political leaders who called for war against Britain j. felt that the government could only do exactly what the Constitution stated k. was negotiated with Britain and recognized British economic and naval supremacy as unavoidable facts of life l. cost $15 million, and its purchase became the greatest achievement of Jeffersons presidency

Q: Alexander Hamilton was the first secretary of the treasury.

Q: What was the overall effect of the American invasions of Canada in 1775 and during the War of 1812? a. All trade ceased between the two nations from 1814 to 1848. b. Many Canadians migrated south into New England. c. Americans continued to plan ways to gain Canada. d. Stereotypes developed on both sides of the border that still resonate today. e. The British asked that the Maine territory be incorporated into Canada.

Q: Which of the following was an outcome of the War of 1812? a. The United States gained territory in what had been southern Ontario. b. Both the British and Americans awarded land to Indians along the Canada-U.S. border. c. Canada signed a trade agreement with the United States. d. The American government signed a mutual defense treaty with France. e. Americans became more interested in territory in the West as opposed to Canada.

Q: Congress passed all of Alexander Hamiltons financial plans except for subsidies for manufacturing.

Q: What was one factor that contributed to the downfall of the Federalists? a. Their call for secession from the union angered Republicans, who ousted them from the government. b. Their elitism and distrust of popular self-government was at odds with the nations increasingly democratic ethos. c. Their advocacy for equal rights for Native Americans was unpopular with a large majority of farmers. d. The southern plantation owners whose interests they championed were a too-small part of the electorate. e. The delegates at the Republican Partys Hartford Convention voted to ban the Federalist Party.

Q: Most of the public government buildings constructed around 1800 in Washington, D.C., were built using slave labor.

Q: Why did the United States become a one-party nation following the War of 1812? a. The Republicans were blamed for the British victory in Washington, D.C., and therefore lost power. b. The Hartford Conventions allegedly treasonous activities fatally damaged the Federalist Partys reputation. c. Under the Alien and Sedition Acts, Madison was able to silence all opposition. d. James Monroes universal popularity as a hero of the War of 1812 made his Republican Party unbeatable. e. The Federalists were so pleased with the wars outcome that they endorsed a union with the Republicans at their 1816 convention in Hartford.

Q: What was the purpose of Tecumsehs 1810 Speech to the Osage? a. to win the military support of the Osage in a war against the white people b. to pledge loyalty to the Americans in the conflict that would become the War of 1812 c. to urge the Osage to accept Christianity and adopt agricultural lifestyles d. to threaten the Osage with military retribution for stealing horses from the Shawnee e. to praise the Osages progress in establishing effective self-government

Q: The treaty that ended the War of 1812 a. gave the United States large tracts of land in the West. b. gave Canada the option of joining the United States. c. was a humiliating treaty for Britain. d. restored the prewar status quo. e. resulted in the United States losing land to Canada.

Q: What was part of the Jefferson administrations policy toward Native Americans? a. providing literary education programs to assimilate Indians into American literary culture b. trying to prevent tribes from moving beyond the Mississippi River c. encouraging tribes to adopt African-American slavery as a means of assimilating into American culture d. encouraging traders to lend Indians money so they could attain a higher standard of living e. prohibiting settled farms among Indians so they were not able to sustain themselves financially

Q: How does Tecumseh characterize white Americans in his 1810 Speech to the Osage? a. as certain to defeat all Indians due to their superior force b. as a mix of friends and foes, who should always be dealt with individually c. as fellow children of the Great Spirit d. as a military ally to the Shawnee e. as greedy, untrustworthy, and determined to destroy all Indians

Q: Among the Indians, what was the period from 1800 to 1812 considered? a. an age of prophecy, marked by movements for the revitalization of Native American life b. the great weeping, marked by the utter hopelessness and lack of effort on the part of Native Americans c. an age of dissension, marked by the total rejection of white ways by all Native American leaders d. a period of abundance, marked by the final years before whites began infringing on Native American rights e. the migration to Europe, marked by the relocation of most Native Americans to European countries

Q: Which of the following occurrences was a precursor to the War of 1812? a. Tecumseh signed the Treaty of Greenville. b. The British attacked American frontier settlements. c. Jefferson signed the Louisiana Purchase. d. The British blockaded the American coastline. e. William Henry Harrison attacked Native American villages.

Q: When President James Madison asked Congress to declare war on Britain in 1812, a. it was the fifth time Congress had declared war on another country. b. the Federalists voted overwhelmingly in favor of the war. c. the South and West were against the war. d. the northern states voted strongly for the war. e. it was approved by the smallest margin of any war declaration in U.S. history.

Q: Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa were brothers who a. preached a militant message to Native Americans early in the nineteenth century. b. were chiefs of adjacent tribes, the Shawnee and the Seneca. c. fought beside Andrew Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans. d. both died at the Battle of Tippecanoe. e. differed on whether Indians or whites were more at fault for Native American problems.

Q: What was a challenge for the United States during the War of 1812? a. Before the war began, it did not have an army. b. It had to fight both the British and the Spanish. c. Most Americans in the South and West strongly opposed the war. d. Without a national bank, the war was difficult to finance. e. It had no allies among the Native American tribes.

Q: How do Tenskwatawa and Neolin compare in regard to their philosophies? a. Tenskwatawa wanted Native Americans to assimilate into white American culture. b. Neolin advocated peaceful resistance against the British. c. Both men wanted to sign treaties with white settlers and share the land. d. Neolin wanted Native Americans to assimilate and adapt white American culture. e. Both men wanted to reject the white mans culture.

Q: What was a factor in the coming of the War of 1812? a. European interference with American trade in the Atlantic b. American impressment of British sailors into the American navy c. warfare between Britain and Spain d. British attacks on Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa e. American War Hawks desires to annex Mexico and conquer Canada

Q: Handsome Lake of the Seneca held what belief in regard to Indians relationship with whites? a. The only way for Indians to gain independence was through guerilla warfare. b. Indians had to renounce all ways of life they had learned from whites. c. Drinking and gambling were key to Indians earning the favor of whites. d. Indians could regain their autonomy without directly challenging whites. e. It was hopeless to work for Indian autonomy, and it was best to submit to white authority.

Q: After Andrew Jackson defeated hostile Creeks in Alabama during the War of 1812, a. he required the tribe to cede more than half its land to the federal government. b. he made sure to stipulate that the Creeks who fought with him would keep their land. c. he retired from public life. d. he went on to suffer a crushing defeat in the Battle of New Orleans. e. he decided to prohibit freed men of color from joining his military ranks.

Q: Tenskwatawa was a Shawnee religious prophet who a. called for the revival of traditional Indian culture. b. promoted Euro-American farming techniques. c. disagreed with his brother Tecumsehs resistance to federal policies. d. urged Indians to consume more American products. e. called for Shawnee representation in Congress.

Q: During the War of 1812, Americas greatest success in a land battle against the British took place where? a. New Orleans b. Washington, D.C. c. Pittsburgh d. Yorktown e. Ontario

Q: Tecumseh was a Shawnee chief who a. promoted the Euro-American concept of individual private property. b. sought to revive Neolins pan-Indian alliance. c. was a pacifist. d. was a supporter of the U.S. treaty system. e. argued that assimilation was the only alternative to extermination.

Q: When Andrew Jackson had the chance to obtain African-American help to fight the British in the Battle of New Orleans, he a. refused on the grounds that, as a slaveholder, he could not accept their aid. b. discovered that all the blacks in New Orleans had left the city to support the British. c. recruited free men of color and promised them the same pay that white recruits received. d. accepted only enslaved men, to whom he offered freedom as a form of payment. e. accepted, but that so angered the white recruits that he later dismissed all the black soldiers.

Q: The Embargo Act most reminded Americans of which of the following policies that predated the Revolutionary War? a. the Stamp Act b. the Sugar Act c. the Intolerable Acts d. the Townshend Acts e. the Alien and Sedition Acts

Q: Which of the following is true about the expedition of Meriwether Lewis and William Clark? a. They slaughtered two different Indian tribes. b. They met Indian tribes accustomed to dealing with European traders. c. Clark ended up staying in Montana to live with Indians on a permanent basis. d. They brought back numerous plant and animal specimens. e. They never reached the Pacific coast.

Q: Jeffersons Embargo Act a. was successful in restoring freedom of the seas. b. stopped the policy of impressment. c. severely hurt the economies of France and England. d. provoked war with France. e. caused economic depression within the United States.

Q: Sacajawea was a. an elderly Indian woman whom Lewis and Clark enslaved during their journey. b. born to a French-Canadian fur trapper and his native wife during Lewis and Clarks journey. c. a guide and interpreter for the Lewis and Clark expedition. d. the only member of the Lewis and Clark expedition to return safely to St. Louis. e. the young Shoshone woman whom William Clark married during his winter in North Dakota.

Q: Which policy or action showed Jefferson contradicting his own philosophy on government? a. Jeffersons advocacy for the Embargo Act b. Jeffersons cutting funding for the military c. Jeffersons paying down the national debt d. Jeffersons ending most taxes e. Jeffersons release of political prisoners

Q: Which statement is true about the impact of the U.S. acquisition of New Orleans on African-Americans who lived in the city? a. U.S laws restricted the freedom of free and enslaved African-Americans more harshly than French and Spanish laws did. b. Under U.S. rule, slaves and free blacks had easy access to the court system. c. U.S. laws recognized free blacks as equals to whites and, therefore, worthy of enjoying the privileges of citizenship. d. It was much easier for slaves to gain their freedom under U.S. rule. e. The United States quickly abolished the principle of community property within marriage that had been prevalent in Spanish and French civil codes.

Q: Which of the following contributed to the United States going to war in 1812? a. Madisons refusal to support Macons Bill no. 2 b. Great Britains announcement that it would end the impressment of American sailors c. Congressional War Hawks who pressed for territorial expansion into Florida and Canada d. Tecumsehs victory at the Battle of Tippecanoe e. The Republican insistence on high tariffs

Q: Which of the following statements is true of New Orleans under Spanish rule? a. Men and women enjoyed complete legal equality, which was unheard of in the United States. b. Slavery was illegal for any men over the age of 21 and women over the age of 18. c. Slave women had the right to go to court for protection against cruelty or rape by their owners. d. An owner could not free his or her slaves without special permission from the Spanish monarch. e. Native Americans had been considered full citizens, with all of the rights and privileges associated with that status.

Q: The War Hawks in Congress included a. Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun. b. John Randolph and Rufus King. c. Oliver Perry and Francis Scott Key. d. Andrew Jackson and William H. Harrison. e. Carter Glass and Ernest Hollings.

Q: Why did Jefferson use the U.S. Navy against North African states? a. French pirates held American merchant ships hostage, and Jefferson sent in the navy after his agreeing to pay a ransom failed to fix the problem. b. Jefferson wanted to disarm the pasha of Tripoli, who had gathered weapons he planned to use against the United States. c. Plantation owners wanted to import more Africans before the international slave trade became illegal in 1808, and they needed American firepower to help them do it. d. Jefferson had tried to cut the naval budget, and Federalists had accused him of being wishy-washy; Jefferson wanted to show that he could be tough. e. Tripoli had declared war on the United States after Jefferson refused demands for increased payments to the Barbary pirates.

Q: Which of the following was an aim of the War Hawks? a. securing exclusive trading rights with France b. acquiring the territory that is now Texas and New Mexico c. securing states rights as opposed to national honor d. annexing Canada e. ending all international trade

Q: The Barbary Wars a. resulted in the creation of the Federalist Party. b. resulted in the Louisiana Purchase. c. were an excuse for Jefferson to expand the navy, as he always wanted to. d. helped to lay the foundation of American Islamophobia. e. resulted from the Embargo Act.

Q: Why did Thomas Jefferson encourage traders to lend money to Indians? a. to finance the Indians transition to an agricultural economy b. to end African-American slavery c. to weaken the power of the traders d. to trap the Indians in debt they could not pay back e. to secure Indian aid during the War of 1812

Q: Which of the following was true of the Embargo Act of 1807? a. It banned trade with Indians due to attacks on American settlers in the West. b. The act passed despite opposition from President Thomas Jefferson. c. This policy hurt Great Britain more than it did American merchants. d. Americans were prohibited from sending ships to foreign ports. e. It led to the British and French governments reaching out to negotiate with Jefferson about free trade.

Q: Who wrote that he hoped that the purchase of Louisiana would lead to the transplanting of all the Indians from east of the Mississippi to west of the Mississippi? a. Andrew Jackson b. Thomas Jefferson c. George Washington d. William Henry Harrison e. James Monroe

Q: How did the Virginia legislature respond to Gabriels Rebellion? a. It made it illegal for slaves to congregate without white supervision. b. It provided financial compensation for those who voluntarily freed their slaves. c. It repealed a new tax on distilled spirits. d. It summoned Washington, who proceeded to command an army of thousands of militiamen. e. It rescinded the right to vote for free blacks.

Q: Which of the following was an aim of the Lewis and Clark expedition? a. to discover the source of the Mississippi River b. to explore the economic potential of the territory acquired through the Louisiana Purchase c. to secure expanses of land for Indian reservations west of the Mississippi River d. to bring needed supplies to military forts along Americas new western border e. to order Spanish traders out of the territory acquired through the Louisiana Purchase

Q: What is true about the plot known as Gabriels Rebellion? a. Recruits were gathered mostly through passing secret coded messages. b. The goal of the rebellion was to establish black superiority over whites. c. The discovery of the plot resulted in new laws that increased white supervision of black Virginians. d. Gabriel named Quakers, Methodists, and French people as his primary enemies. e. Gabriel and his co-conspirators were plantation field workers who could not read or write.

Q: After becoming president, how did Thomas Jefferson deal with the Federalists? a. He followed through on his inauguration speechs statement (We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists) and treated them as equals. b. He courted their support because he knew he could never win approval for his policies without them. c. He tried to roll back almost everything they had done by cutting taxes and the size of government. d. Until just before leaving office, he used the Sedition Act to shut down Federalist newspapers critical of his administration. e. He led a successful effort to impeach and remove from office all Federalist judges, whom he then replaced with Republicans.

Q: President Thomas Jefferson tried to minimize federal power by a. buying Louisiana from France. b. participating in the Barbary Wars. c. urging Congress to pass the Embargo Act. d. abolishing all taxes except the tariff. e. establishing judicial review.

Q: What was the significance of the case of Marbury v. Madison? a. It was John Marshalls first case as chief justice. b. The Supreme Court asserted the power of judicial review. c. The Supreme Court declared that presidential power was greater than congressional power. d. The decision gave states important new powers to block a too-powerful federal government. e. Marburys win meant that he became the new chief justice, a post he held for twenty-one years.

Q: Which of the following was a crucial element of Gabriels Rebellion? a. the support of white leadership b. arms provided by Native Americans c. the literacy of slave leaders and their relative autonomy d. the enthusiastic support of most northern politicians e. favorable weather conditions for the slaves

Q: In its decision in the case of Fletcher v. Peck, the U.S. Supreme Court a. exercised the authority to overturn a state law that the Court considered to be in violation of the U.S. Constitution. b. declared that corruption involved in the making of a law automatically invalidated that law. c. held that slaves who ran away from their masters had to be returned to them, even if the slaves had gone to a free state. d. asserted that political parties were constitutional even though they were not mentioned in the 1787 document. e. said that the purchase of land from a foreign power, as in the case of Louisiana, was constitutional.

Q: Which statement is true about the Haitian Revolution? a. It failed to establish Haiti as an independent nation. b. Jeffersonians who had celebrated the French Revolution similarly celebrated the Haitian Revolution as a further step toward universal liberty. c. It encouraged many white Americans to travel to Haiti. d. It resulted in millions of Haitians fleeing to the United States. e. It reinforced white Americans fears of possible insurrections by enslaved people in the United States.

Q: Why did Jefferson purchase Louisiana from the French in 1803? a. He wanted to prevent slavery from expanding west of the Mississippi. b. He hoped it would ensure the nations agrarian character. c. He wanted to return the land to the Indian tribes who lived there. d. He knew the Constitution explicitly and fully authorized this land deal. e. He wanted to sell it back to Spain for a profit.

Q: Gabriels Rebellion a. was doomed to fail because the African-American population of Richmond was so small. b. demonstrated that the slaves were as aware of the idea of liberty as anyone else. c. inspired Virginia to adopt a gradual emancipation law in 1803. d. failed partly because its leaders were plantation slaves, who had less contact with the outside world and were unaware of how little support they enjoyed. e. prompted several states to pass laws requiring slaves to be educated about the Constitution and the importance of obeying the law.

Q: The land involved in the Louisiana Purchase a. had been claimed by France from the 1600s until the United States acquired it. b. included all of what is now Texas and the American Southwest. c. was considered by Jefferson to be practically worthless, yet he did not want it to fall into British hands. d. stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada and from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains. e. consisted only of what is today the state of Louisiana and the southern half of Arkansas.

Q: What was the significance of the XYZ Affair? a. It soured public opinion toward the Washington administration. b. It heightened concerns about mob rule destroying American liberty. c. It led to the War of 1812. d. It established the right of judicial review. e. It created animosity between America and France.