Q&A Hero

Q: The Sedition Act of 1798 a. targeted recent arrivals to the United States. b. led to the jailing of Federalist editors. c. was more stringent and oppressive than similar laws in Europe. d. led Jefferson to argue that states, not the federal government, could punish seditious speech. e. was declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court two years later.

Q: Which of the following was true of the United States in 1797? a. The two political parties were divided on the role of the government. b. The Federalists dominated the South and Republicans controlled New England. c. England respected American neutrality in regard to the war in Europe. d. John Adams was willing to use the ideas of Thomas Jefferson. e. Adams was eager to have Hamilton as his vice president.

Q: Which of the following was the deciding factor in Thomas Jeffersons victory in the presidential election of 1800? a. his admiration for the Haitian Revolution b. Adam Burrs duel with Alexander Hamilton c. the decline of the Federalist Party d. George Washingtons support for Jefferson e. Alexander Hamilton advocating for his political rival Thomas Jefferson

Q: The passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts was opposed by Thomas Jefferson on what grounds? a. They were certain to lead to a war against France b. They did not give enough power to the unelected judiciary. c. They would stop immigration and, thus, slow population growth. d. They represented a hysteria similar to that seen during the Salem witch trials e. They emboldened newspapers to be too critical of the president.

Q: Why did Thomas Jefferson call the Election of 1800 the Revolution of 1800? a. He was willing to let John Adams remain as president. b. He wanted to use force to maintain his victory in the election. c. He was voicing criticism of Aaron Burrs actions in the West. d. He hoped to free many of the slaves in the South. e. He was talking about freedom that secured Americas independence.

Q: Which statement is true about the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798? a. They were an attempt by Republicans to silence their critics. b. The Alien Act empowered federal authorities to deport immigrants they deemed dangerous. c. The Sedition Act eliminated trials by jury for all those charged with criticizing the government. d. Widespread opposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts was a significant obstacle on Thomas Jeffersons road to victory in the 1800 election. e. The Sedition Act targeted mainly Federalist-friendly publications.

Q: Who wrote a petition to Congress as the president of the Pennsylvania Abolition Society, calling for the end of slavery? a. Mathew Lyon b. Patrick Henry c. Sarah Morton d. Mary Wollstonecraft e. Benjamin Franklin

Q: Which of the following would represent a fulfillment of what Judith Sargent Murray argues for in her essays? a. housewives forming a sewing group b. men founding a public school c. boys playing a role in local government d. girls attending college e. Native American men serving on a tribal council

Q: Which of the following does Judith Sargent Murray argue in her essay On the Equality of the Sexes? a. Although men and women should be given equal rights, their minds are inherently unequal. b. The first step toward women achieving equal rights with men is winning the right to vote. c. Women should aim to find meaning and fulfillment in their housework and families. d. Women have as much right to defy American laws as the Patriots had to defy the Stamp Act. e. Society, rather than nature, is responsible for the apparent superiority of men over women.

Q: Which of the following is true of the American response to the 1791 uprising in Saint Domingue? a. The Adams administration discouraged the independence of black Haiti. b. Thomas Jefferson celebrated it as another victory for liberty. c. Most white Americans were glad to see France suffer the loss of its colony. d. Most enslaved Americans opposed it for fear it would inspire a white crackdown on slave gatherings. e. Many white Americans considered it evidence of blacks unfitness for republican freedom.

Q: The Sedition Act targeted a. Alexander Hamiltons economic ideas. b. Federalists. c. the Republican press. d. illegal immigrants. e. British sympathizers.

Q: Which of the following rights or freedoms is the focus of the Address of the Democratic-Republican Society of Pennsylvania of December 8, 1974? a. freedom of assembly b. freedom of religion c. freedom of expression d. the right to bear arms e. the right to a trial by jury

Q: Friess Rebellion a. was an uprising in Massachusetts. b. was provoked by heavy taxes on whiskey. c. resulted in over 300 deaths and much property destruction. d. resulted in the execution of John Fries for treason. e. resulted in a loss of support for Federalists in southeastern Pennsylvania.

Q: The candidates in the 1796 election were Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr versus a. James Madison and John Marshall. b. John Adams and Thomas Pinckney. c. John Adams and John Jay. d. James Madison and Thomas Pinckney. e. Alexander Hamilton and James Madison.

Q: The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions were a response to a. the election of 1800. b. Hamiltons economic plan. c. the Alien and Sedition Acts. d. Friess Rebellion. e. impressments of American sailors.

Q: In the 1790s, America was involved in what has been called a quasi-war with which nation? a. England b. Spain c. the Netherlands d. France e. Canada

Q: Thomas Jeffersons original Kentucky resolution served as an argument for what? a. freedom of religion b. states rights c. the right to bear arms d. immigration reform e. free trade

Q: Which of the following is true of the Whiskey Rebellion of 1794? a. The rebels largely blamed the Republican Party for their troubles. b. The rebellion ended after a battle in which the rebel leader, Rufus King, was killed. c. It represented the first major challenge to the administration of President John Adams. d. It was the only time in U.S. history that the president commanded an army in the field. e. The rebellion demonstrated that sectional divisions over slavery could turn violent.

Q: Which of the following is true of American womens role in political life in the 1790s? a. The Constitution of 1787 expressly excluded women from voting. b. Women were not counted in determining congressional representation. c. The stirrings of womens political consciousness broadened the democratization of public life. d. By 1799, women had gained the right to vote in four New England states and in Pennsylvania. e. There were several women-only Democratic-Republican Parties in the larger cities.

Q: What was one of the ways in which Shayss Rebellion differed from the Whiskey Rebellion? a. Whereas Shayss Rebellion featured wealthy participants, the Whiskey Rebellion was solely a revolt of the lower class b. Whereas Shayss Rebellion was put down by force, participants in the Whiskey Rebellion dispersed voluntarily. c. Whereas the federal government intervened in the Whiskey Rebellion, it did not intervene in Shayss Rebellion. d. Whereas the Whiskey Rebellion involved deadly violence, Shayss Rebellion was a peaceful protest e. Whereas Shayss Rebellion protested taxes, the Whiskey Rebellion opposed the prohibition of alcohol.

Q: Mary Wollstonecraft and Judith Sargent Murrays writings about womens rights mainly called for women to a. gain the right to vote. b. access improved educational opportunities. c. receive equal wages to men. d. hold political office. e. serve in the military.

Q: Which of the following statements accurately describes the Republican Party leaders of the late eighteenth century? a. They were critical of the French Revolution. b. They were stereotyped as the rich, the able, and the well-born. c. They viewed social and economic inequality as inherent to civilized society. d. They considered broad democratic participation to be essential to freedom. e. Their platform reflected traditional eighteenth-century views of society as a fixed hierarchy.

Q: What brought an end to Washingtons presidency in 1796? a. his wish that the office not become a lifelong position b. his death c. ill health d. a constitutional amendment establishing term limits e. a plunge in popularity following Jays Treaty

Q: In the 1790s, the public sphere a. was mainly limited to debates among famous elites. b. stagnated, because there were not yet post offices to circulate correspondence and newspapers. c. contracted, because the Alien and Sedition Acts succeeded in delegitimizing the right to freedom of expression. d. was celebrated by Federalists and condemned by Republicans. e. expanded, as evidenced by the rapid growth of the American press.

Q: Which of the following was true of newspapers in America during the period from 1790 to 1810? a. The majority soon went bankrupt and ceased publication. b. They were written only for an audience with a college education. c. Their cost was prohibitive for practically all Americans. d. They significantly grew in number. e. The federal government consistently censored them.

Q: The following statement was typical of a certain type of group that formed in the 1790s: That all men are naturally free, and possess equal rights. That all legitimate government originates in the voluntary social compact of the people. Which of the following individuals would have been most likely to agree with these ideas? a. a delegate to the Hartford Convention b. a member of a Democratic-Republic society c. an employee of the Bank of the United States d. a staunch supporter of the Alien and Sedition Acts e. a defender of slavery

Q: How did the French Revolution affect America? a. It resulted in a rush of French immigrants and a strong French influence on American culture. b. It deepened existing political differences in America. c. It was the first time America sent troops to fight on foreign soil. d. It inspired a series of slave revolts throughout the South. e. It inspired the passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts.

Q: The Democratic-Republican Societies of the 1790s a. criticized the Washington administration. b. spoke out against the French Revolution. c. formed only about a dozen chapters in various cities. d. strongly supported Hamiltons economic program. e. broke up and created the Democratic and Republican Parties by 1797.

Q: Which of the following led directly to the creation of the Republican Party in the 1790s? a. the creation of the Bank of the United States b. speculators profiting from the sales of government bonds c. Shayss Rebellion d. the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions e. Jays Treaty

Q: What is true about the Federalists? a. They were skeptical of Alexander Hamiltons economic program. b. They supported close ties to Britain. c. They opposed George Washingtons administration. d. They were mainly a mix of wealthy southern planters and ordinary farmers from across the territories. e. They rooted their platform in a strong trust in democratic self-rule.

Q: Mary Wollstonecrafts A Vindication of the Rights of Woman a. was the first pamphlet published in the United States by an American woman. b. was inspired by Thomas Paines Rights of Man. c. won strong support from the Federalist Party. d. strongly challenged traditional gender roles. e. was based on her experiences as a cross-dressing soldier during the Revolutionary War.

Q: Why did Thomas Jefferson and James Madison oppose Alexander Hamiltons economic plan? a. They believed the plan gave too much autonomy to independent farmers. b. They believed that an alliance between commercial capitalists and a powerful federal government threatened freedom. c. They thought the plan would make the nation too socially equal. d. They thought the plan required too much westward expansion. e. The plan did not include tariffs, which they supported.

Q: What happened to King Louis XVI during the French Revolution? a. He abdicated the throne and moved to Switzerland. b. He successfully fled to Austria with his wife. c. He ruled as a less powerful constitutional monarch after the Revolution. d. He was executed, along with numerous aristocrats. e. He was rescued from French imprisonment by British spies.

Q: Which international partner did Alexander Hamilton think most important for the survival and prosperity of the United States? a. the Indians b. the Spanish c. the French d. the West Indians e. the British

Q: What vision of Americas future guided Thomas Jefferson and James Madison? a. a major commercial and military power under strong federal leadership b. a bastion of freedom in which freed slaves would eventually enjoy equal rights with whites c. a land of economic equality in which no one would be wealthy and no one would be poor d. a rural republic of independent farmers freely selling their goods to a global market e. an increasingly urban democracy, largely populated by educated businessmen and craftsmen

Q: With regard to Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jeffersons debates in the 1790s, what aspect of their differences in opinion can still be seen in todays United States? a. whether foreign policy in the United States should favor Great Britain or France b. whether alcohol should be taxed c. whether the United States should remain a nation of mostly farmers d. whether the Constitution should be interpreted strictly or loosely e. whether the capital should remain in Washington, D.C.

Q: Edmond-Charles Genet was a French diplomat who a. was also a British spy, which led to his arrest in the United States. b. commissioned American ships to sail under the French flag and fight the British. c. sought refuge in America as soon as the French Revolution began in 1789. d. became a key adviser to President Washington on European affairs. e. sought unsuccessfully to convince the Democratic-Republican Societies to support the French Revolution.

Q: Opponents of Hamiltons economic plan a. included George Washington. b. were mostly northerners who had supported ratification of the Constitution. c. believed future growth was to be found through close ties with Britain. d. agreed to a compromise that included placing the national capital in the South. e. were simply jealous of Hamiltons close relationship with Washington.

Q: What was impressment? a. the legal doctrine stating that a slave who traveled to free territory was still in bondage b. the practice of kidnapping sailors and forcing them to serve in the British navy c. the legal and economic rights held by an apprentice during his apprenticeship d. the process through which an immigrant applied for citizenship prior to 1845 e. the legal doctrine that prevented widows from inheriting property upon their husbands deaths

Q: Strict constructionists believed that a. Jays Treaty should be construed or interpreted to put more restrictions on Indians. b. freedom of speech and of the press should be restricted if the president believed that to be necessary. c. the federal government could only exercise powers specifically listed in the Constitution. d. the general welfare clause of the Constitution gave the federal government power to create a national bank. e. the creation of new western settlements should be strictly limited to avoid Indian wars.

Q: Which of the following did Jays Treaty accomplish? a. Britain abandoned the practice of impressment. b. The United States no longer paid tribute to the Barbary states. c. Britain paid millions of dollars in compensation to the United States for escaped slaves. d. The United States guaranteed favored treatment of British imports. e. France and Great Britain were no longer at war.

Q: Pierre Charles LEnfant is well known for a. leading a slave rebellion in Saint Domingue. b. designing Washington, D.C. c. masterminding the XYZ Affair. d. negotiating the Louisiana Purchase. e. writing Letters from an American Farmer.

Q: Benjamin Banneker was a. a scientist who helped survey the new national capital. b. the congressional leader of the opposition to Hamilton in the early 1790s. c. the secretary of war who publicly disagreed with Washington over Indian policy. d. an African-American slave whose capture inspired the Fugitive Slave Law. e. the first black person elected to Congress when he won election in the Revolution of 1800.

Q: How did Americans respond to the French Revolution? a. Almost everyone supported it at first, because the French seemed to be following in the footsteps of Americans. b. Hamilton supported the creation of a standing army to prepare the nation should French radicalism spread across the Atlantic. c. Opponents of the French Revolution formed the Republican Party, headed by Thomas Jefferson. d. They blocked passage of Jays Treaty, which showed preference for Great Britain. e. President Washington immediately spoke out against French radicals and dispatched American warships to assist England.

Q: The New Jersey Plan proposed a single-house legislature in which each state had one vote.

Q: Congress nearly passed a clause in the Ordinance of 1784 that would have prohibited slavery throughout the West.

Q: When George Washington took office as the first president of the United States, American leaders believed that the new nations success depended on a. creating political parties as a means of channeling the peoples passions. b. maintaining political harmony. c. protecting all forms of freedom. d. Washingtons willingness to serve until he died. e. coining money.

Q: Which element of our current political system did the founding fathers generally hope to avoid? a. political parties b. any involvement by the government in financial affairs c. western expansion d. state courts e. the presidential cabinet

Q: The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 did not acknowledge that the Indians owned their land.

Q: States called out militias to stop foreclosures on the homes of debtors.

Q: Why was political rhetoric so passionate and divisive during the 1790s? a. Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr joined forces in trying to form their own political party separate from the Federalists and Republicans. b. The United States would not have a national debt until the 1800s; all war debts following the Revolution remained squarely with the states. c. Americans feared that the ideals of the Revolution would be betrayed as America faced the realities of governance. d. Religious tensions that had been a secondary concern during the War for Independence came to dominate all other concerns. e. Prominent newspaper editors later found to be British agents deliberately sowed dissension and soon nearly sparked another war.

Q: Shayss Rebellion demonstrated to many leading Americans the need for a more central government to ensure private liberty.

Q: Alexander Hamiltons long-term goal was to a. increase the Republican Partys political power. b. ensure that the United States would be a primarily agrarian nation. c. promote the power of state governments. d. make the United States a major commercial and military power. e. succeed George Washington as president.

Q: Rhode Islands refusal to send delegates to the Constitutional Convention reflected the fact that the state already had well-established trade and debt relief policies.

Q: Which of the following was part of Alexander Hamiltons financial program? a. default on all debts prior to the ratification of the Constitution b. the Bank of the United States, modeled on the Bank of England c. a tax on wine producers as a means of raising revenue d. taxes and subsidies to promote the growth of cotton e. creating Washington, D.C., as a major trade port

Q: The Constitutional delegates who met in Philadelphia represented all of American society, as they were a mix of laborers, farmers, merchants, and politicians.

Q: What was the main source of the political divisions that surfaced in 1790 and 1791? a. the election of George Washington as the nations first president b. the Louisiana Purchase c. slavery d. the rights of women e. a financial plan developed by Alexander Hamilton

Q: Alexander Hamilton proposed in the Constitutional Convention that the president and senators serve life terms.

Q: What did Alexander Hamilton include in his economic proposal? a. the creation of individual state banks b. subsidies to whiskey producers c. tariffs on exported goods d. federal responsibility for outstanding Revolutionary War debts e. the elimination of the national debt

Q: What did Thomas Jefferson believe regarding individuals abilities and achievements? a. They were completely random and unpredictable. b. They were predestined by God. c. They were directly tied to race and were unchangeable. d. They were shaped by social conditions and thus changeable over time. e. They were tied entirely to environment but unrelated to race or intelligence.

Q: The U.S. Constitution of 1787 was Americas first written constitution.

Q: Who was allowed to become a citizen following the Naturalization Act of 1790? a. children of slaves b. German immigrants c. free blacks not born in the United States d. Japanese immigrants e. Native Americans

Q: Which of the following views of African-Americans did Thomas Jefferson express? a. They were unfit for economic independence and political self-government. b. Those held in slavery should be emancipated immediately and every former slave family should be given a forty-acre farm in a western territory. c. If legally free, they should be allowed to marry white persons. d. They were naturally as intelligent as whites but lacked educational opportunities. e. They were destined to someday hold an equal place in society with whites.

Q: What was the annuity system involving the U.S. government and certain Indian tribes? a. a system under which the Indians ceded land to the United States annually b. a system under which the federal government gave annual monetary grants to Indians c. a system that placed Indians on reservations west of the Mississippi River d. a system that allowed a percentage of Indians each year to attend American schools e. a system where the states paid each local tribe an annual fee for their land

Q: Who appears to have fathered one or more children with his slave? a. John Adams b. Thomas Jefferson c. George Washington d. Ben Franklin e. Benjamin Rush

Q: What was Thomas Jeffersons stance on Indians? a. He believed they were savages unworthy and incapable of civilization. b. He believed they could become full-fledged members of the republic by assimilating. c. He believed their society was equal to whites in every way but was uncomfortable with their cultural practices. d. He believed they should be driven from the continent entirely, so as to keep the population pure. e. He believed that Indians had perfected harmonious living and aimed to learn from them.

Q: Which was a development in the late eighteenth century that represented an increase in freedoms and rights for Americans? a. Women entered the public sphere as teachers and lawyers. b. Ex-slaves were given the right to vote in southern states. c. Children were granted explicit legal rights under the Bill of Rights. d. Indentured servitude and apprenticeship declined. e. Indians were granted the right to vote in the Northwest Territory.

Q: The 1790 Naturalization Act established a policy of open immigration and naturalization for a. all people of the world. b. white Europeans. c. Asians. d. Africans. e. Indians.

Q: ___ 1. Alexander Hamilton ___ 2. Daniel Shays ___ 3. Henry Knox ___ 4. John Adams ___ 5. Hector Cr vecoeur ___ 6. George Washington ___ 7. Thomas Jefferson ___ 8. Little Turtle ___ 9. Patrick Henry ___ 10. James Madison ___ 11. Arthur St. Clair ___ 12. James Winthrop a. was an Anti-Federalist who condemned slavery but feared abolition b. suffered defeat at the Battle of Fallen Timbers, leading to the Treaty of Greenville c. wrote Notes on the State of Virginia d. wrote Letters from an American Farmer e. led an uprising of Massachusetts farmers f. wrote an Anti-Federalist essay signed Agrippa g. willed his slaves to be freed upon the death of his wife h. was defeated by Little Turtle in the Ohio Valley i. served as a diplomat to England and was unable to attend the Constitutional Convention j. wrote most of The Federalist essays k. was the father of the Constitution and the lifelong disciple and ally of Thomas Jefferson l. was secretary of war during Washingtons administration

Q: Approximately how many slaves were living in America by 1790? a. 700,000 b. 100,000 c. 70,000 d. 20,000 e. 5,000

Q: ___ 1. Articles of Confederation ___ 2. Federalism ___ 3. Virginia Plan ___ 4. checks and balances ___ 5. The Federalist ___ 6. New Jersey Plan ___ 7. three-fifths clause ___ 8. Treaty of Greenville ___ 9. Naturalization Act of 1790 ___ 10. Bill of Rights ___ 11. importation of slaves ___ 12. Somerset case a. established the annuity system b. called for a unicameral system c. was the first American constitution written d. was abolished in the United States on January 1, 1808 e. called for two houses based on proportional representation f. was another name for the separation of powers g. was a basic political principle sometimes called the division of powers h. were written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay to generate support for Constitutional ratification i. amendments to the Constitution j. held that citizenship was limited to whites only k. provided that some of the slave population would be counted in determining each states representation l. ruled slavery unlawful in England

Q: During the early years of the republic, African-Americans a. were far fewer in number than Native Americans. b. enjoyed none of the rights whites enjoyed. c. far exceeded the Indian population within the United States. d. were all held as slaves except for a few free blacks in Massachusetts. e. found a champion for the cause of emancipation in George Washington.

Q: At the time of independence, the nation was largely urban, with most of its population residing in the large seacoast cities.

Q: Which of the following statements accurately describes the status of free blacks in the United States toward the end of the eighteenth century? a. Free blacks who lived in the northern states and owned property enjoyed all the rights of citizenship. b. Although free blacks had some basic rights in northern states, no African-Americans enjoyed full equality with whites. c. Although the question of citizenship for whites was highly controversial, the status of free blacks had been solidly established. d. Free blacks who had served in the armed forces during the Revolution were considered full citizens, even in the South. e. If they were recent immigrants free blacks could apply for citizenship, but for those born in the United States citizenship was unattainable.

Q: Which of the following sentiments would Hector St. John Cr vecoeur agree with based on the excerpt from his Letters from an American Farmer? a. The United States was a land of new opportunities for European immigrants. b. Without a strong federal Constitution, the American experiment was sure to fail c. Power corrupts and must be held in check through the separation of powers. d. An agrarian lifestyle was essential to American virtue. e. Free African-Americans were citizens of color deserving of full legal rights.

Q: When was the principle of birthright citizenship established? a. with the passage of the Naturalization Act of 1790 b. with the signing of the Treaty of Greenville in 1795 c. during the debate surrounding ratification of the Constitution d. during the Reconstruction era following the Civil War e. with the ratification of the Constitution

Q: Which statement is true regarding Native Americans status in the new nation? a. Indian tribes had no representation in the new government. b. Most white Americans saw Indians as their equals and welcomed them with open arms into the new nation. c. With the signing of the Declaration of Independence, warfare between Indians and whites immediately ceased. d. An entire tribe had to vote to accept the terms of a treaty with the United States or it would be invalid. e. The annuity system gave Indians increased control over their own lives.

Q: Who in the nineteenth century used the words We the people from the Constitution to claim that the southern states could not secede from the Union? a. Andrew Jackson b. Abraham Lincoln c. George Washington d. Jefferson Davis e. Daniel Webster

Q: Under the Treaty of Greenville of 1795, a. Great Britain agreed to remove its remaining forts from U.S. soil. b. twelve Indian tribes ceded most of Ohio to the federal government. c. the U.S. government allowed Indians to petition for citizenship. d. the federal government forbade American settlement west of the Mississippi. e. the United States recognized Great Britains claim to what is now Ontario.

Q: Envisioning the nation as a community open to all those devoted to its political institutions and social values is what? a. ethnic nationalism b. federalism c. separation of powers d. religious toleration e. civic nationalism