Q&A Hero

Q: 2. What were the primary artistic influences on fourteenth-century Italian painters?

Q: 1. What was the role of guilds during the fourteenth century?

Q: 25. What did the designer of the vaults of Exeter Cathedral add as additional ribs? A. plate tracery B. rosettes C. tiercerons D. bosses

Q: 24. According to art historian Millard Meiss, artists working after the Black Death reverted to A. a softly modeled style. B. highly detailed naturalism. C. classically posed figures. D. hierarchic linearity.

Q: 23. According to folklorists, the figures at the bottom of the page of the Annunciation by Jean Pucelle are A. the infant Jesus and John the Baptist. B. children of the patrons. C. children playing froggy in the middle. D. angels foreshadowing Jesus imminent death.

Q: 22. What did Duccio include in his scene of the Betrayal of Jesus (Fig. 18-12) on the back of the Maest ? A. several subsequent episodes B. only a few figures C. an expansive architectural backdrop D. his own self-portrait

Q: 21. Duccios representation of the Raising of Lazarus (Fig. 18-11) contrasts with Giottos portrayal of the same subject in the A. simplification to only a few characters. B. expressive gestures and charged glances. C. monumentality of the figures. D. representation of majestic architecture.

Q: 20. In the buon fresco technique, what term refers to a section or days work? A. dado B. grisaille C. sinopia D. giornata

Q: 19. According to Petrarch and his contemporaries, the essential qualification for a writer was an appreciation of authors of which culture? A. Mesopotamia and Egypt B. England and Rome C. Greece and Rome D. Persia and Constantinople

Q: 18. Which event wiped out 40 percent of Europes population in the middle of the fourteenth century? A. Black Death B. Peasants War C. Hundred Years War D. Great Schism

Q: 17. Located in the city hall in Siena, the council room was known as the A. Porta Romana. B. Sala della Pace. C. the Campo. D. Scrovegni Chapel.

Q: 16. Which city did Charles IV make the capital of the Holy Roman Empire? A. Paris B. London C. Munich D. Prague

Q: 15. Applying water-based paints to the wet plaster of a wall is known as A. tempera. B. fresco secco. C. buon fresco. D. intonaco.

Q: 14. Which of the following themes is found in Giottos program of frescoes decorating the Scrovegni Chapel (Fig. 18-7)? A. scenes from Dantes Inferno B. the Virtues and Vices C. scenes of David and Goliath D. scenes from Genesis

Q: 13. What characteristic introduced by the Parler family came to dominate central European architecture during the Renaissance? A. intricately patterned vaults that unified interior space B. clustered colonnettes that made the arcade seem to ripple C. fortified walls and large towers D. elongated naves and flying buttresses

Q: 12. What element of the standing gilt-silver Virgin and Child (Fig. 18-19) is distinctive of French sculpture in the fourteenth century? A. the use of the fleur-de-lis as a reliquary B. the S-curve of the Virgins figure C. the use of gold, silver, and enamel D. the childs tender gesture

Q: 11. Which of the following probably influenced Giottos emphasis on human empathy and emotion seen in his painting? A. his study with Cimabue B. the writings of Cennino Cennini C. the message of St. Francis of Assisi D. the height of Gothic Cathedrals

Q: 10. In fourteenth-century Germany, what factor contributed to the mystical religiosity that inspired images emphasizing both ecstatic joy and extreme suffering? A. famine, wars, and plagues B. a new ruler C. the death of the pope D. Islamic invasions

Q: 9. How did the artists convey that the angel Gabriel is speaking to Mary in the Annunciation (Fig. 18-13) by Simone Martini and Lippo Memmi? A. They included iconographic details that symbolize Gabriels message. B. They placed the figures in a conversational pose. C. They incised scriptural text into the gold-leaf gesso. D. They referenced the chapter and verse from Luke in the framework.

Q: 8. Which stylistic characteristic distinguishes fourteenth-century figure painting in Siena from that produced in Florence? A. the use of modeling to suggest three-dimensional forms B. the placement of figures in naturalistic and architectural settings C. an emphasis on jewel-like coloring and elegantly posed forms D. the use of tempera paint on small-paneled altarpieces

Q: 7. Modeling, which allows artists to simulate three-dimensional forms in painted figures, is A. the use of light and dark pigment tones. B. the use of live models so artists could closely observe natural details. C. the texturing of paint with a stippling brushstroke. D. thickly applying paint in small areas.

Q: 6. One of the first to demonstrate the shift to a more modern painting style, Cimabue worked in A. Florence. B. Sienna. C. Pisa. D. Venice.

Q: 5. Which work represents the contemporary taste for personal items, crafted from fine materials and richly decorated with popular subject matter? A. Vesperbild (Pieta) (Fig. 18-24) B. The Kiss of Judas and The Annunciation (Fig. 18-17) C. Attack on the Castle of Love (Fig. 18-20) D. The Effects of Good Government in the City and in the Country (Fig. 18-16)

Q: 4. Who did the city council of Siena commission to fresco the city hall with scenes of the government? A. Lorenzetti B. Duccio C. Giotto D. Cimabue

Q: 3. Which artist was known for combining his preference for substantial bodies, oversized hands and heads, and dour faces with the graceful quality of French Gothic style? A. Master Hubert B. Nicholas of Verdun C. Heinrich Musselman D. Master Theodoric

Q: 2. Which of the following was a master mason for Exeter Cathedral (Fig. 18-23)? A. Richard de Montefort B. Thomas of Witney C. Thomas Aquinas D. Nicholas of Verdun

Q: 1. Which of the following is depicted in Ambrogio Lorenzettis Effects of Good Government in the City and in the Country (Fig. 18-16)? A. patients dying from the plague B. war with Florentine forces C. portraits of Siennas civic leaders D. agricultural activity of various seasons

Q: 5. Compare and contrast the detail of Ladies Preparing Newly Woven Silk (Fig. 11-18) and detail of Admonitions of the Imperial Instructress to Court Ladies (Fig. 11-11).

Q: 4. Discuss the representations of Buddha throughout early Chinese and Korean history.

Q: 3. How did the Chinese present philosophical ideals through the theme of landscape?

Q: 2. Discuss how Chinese and Korean art demonstrate an exchange of cultural, religious, and artistic ideas with India and other foreign countries.

Q: 1. How did Chinese art explore human relationships and heroic ideals?

Q: Describe the purpose and aesthetics of the crown from the Gold Crown Tomb (Fig. 11-27).

Q: Americans responded to the first two years of the Obama presidency by ________. A) consolidating support behind environmental policies to slow the rise of the oceans B) increasing Democratic power in Congress in the "blue wave" election of 2010 C) demanding a dramatic increase in their income taxes to fund new government programs D) handing Obama a crushing, historic rebuke in the 2010 mid-term elections E) forming violent Tea Party militias that staged takeover attempts across the nation

Q: Which of these was the worst domestic problem facing President Obama at the time of his election? A) a series of urban riots B) the disputed election C) economic recession D) drought throughout the Midwest E) bank failures

Q: How did Ralph Nader's candidacy in the 2000 presidential election affect the race? A) Gore moved further to the left, leaving more room for Bush among independents. B) Gore moved further to the right, alienating a large portion of his voter base. C) Bush moved further to the right, leaving more room for Gore among independents. D) Bush moved further to the left, taking a large portion of Gore's voter base. E) Both Gore and Bush moved further to the right, attracting independent voters.

Q: How did the end of the Cold War play into Saddam Hussein's decision to invade Kuwait? A) He thought the world would be too busy controlling Eastern European countries to object. B) The Soviet Union was no longer a superpower that could influence him. C) He had captured weapons from Eastern European countries when the Soviet Union left. D) The government of Kuwait no longer received aid from the Soviet Union. E) He wanted to force the United States to take a stand against Russia.

Q: Americans feel vulnerable because ________. A) migration out of the U.S. has hit an all-time high B) they feel the world is not listening to them C) international and domestic problems continue to challenge them D) the U.S. has the least troubled economy in the world E) Americans are wildly optimistic about the future

Q: The age of the American population relates to the economy because ________. A) more older Americans need healthcare and receive social security B) the increasing number of young workers in service jobs adds money to Social Security C) children are volunteering to pay more taxes to support retired Americans D) with fewer elderly people, funding for programs in healthcare can be reduced E) older Americans are spending more on travel and consumer goods

Q: Science education in the schools became controversial in the early twenty-first century, in part because of ________. A) protests against university genetics programs that researched eugenics B) protests against psychology classes teaching that homosexuality was a mental illness C) demands to bring global warming into the science curriculum D) demands for more federal funds to support and expand science education E) demands to teach intelligent design instead of evolution

Q: The issue that gays and lesbians have been pressing in the individual states is ________. A) equal access to education B) comparable medical insurance C) equality in the military D) equal marital rights E) personal privacy

Q: How did the dismal economy affect the 2008 presidential race? A) It helped Obama gain ground during the campaign. B) It decreased Obama's overall popularity. C) It decreased both Obama and McCain's popularity. D) It caused resentment against the Democratic Party. E) It did not have any effect on the 2008 presidential election.

Q: How is the 2004 presidential election best described? A) unusual because no public debates were allowed due to security concerns B) similar to other recent presidential elections C) unique because repeated recounts had to be made D) harmonious because everyone was united against terrorism E) especially bitter and spiteful as each party blamed and criticized the other

Q: Bush's 2003 decision to go to war in Iraq initially seemed ________. A) unwise because the U.S. military was consistently defeated by Hussein's forces B) necessary because Saddam Hussein was the mastermind of the September 11 terrorist attacks C) wise because the military quickly succeeded in taking Baghdad D) wise because he had intelligence that Saddam Hussein was planning a terrorist attack on the U.S. E) unwise because UN inspectors found weapons of mass destruction in Baghdad

Q: American foreign policy changed after the 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States by ________. A) returning to an isolationist foreign policy B) returning to a containment foreign policy C) taking on the role of global police officer D) ending its alliances with Europe and Asia E) continuing only humanitarian missions

Q: What effect did the September 11, 2001, attacks have on the U.S. economy? A) little effect B) devastated the airline industry C) destroyed the oil industry D) created an economic boom E) improved the international tourism industry

Q: How was George W. Bush's economic policy different from Clinton's? A) Clinton favored investing in education, while Bush favored investing in environmental reforms. B) Clinton favored reducing government spending, while Bush favored increasing government spending. C) Clinton favored tax reduction, while Bush favored eliminating the deficit. D) Clinton favored eliminating the deficit, while Bush favored tax reduction. E) Clinton favored tax reduction, while Bush favored cutting spending.

Q: The division in America revealed the 2000 presidential election was between ________. A) the urban coastal states that voted for Bush and rural southern states that voted for Gore B) the poor who voted for Bush and the middle class who voted for Gore C) the rich who voted for Gore and the poor who voted for Bush D) the liberals who voted for Bush and the conservatives who voted for Gore E) people in suburbia who voted for Bush and rural Americans who voted for Gore

Q: Which of these led to unrest in the Balkans? A) the breakup of Yugoslavia B) the intervention of an aggressive Austria C) a surprise Soviet invasion D) the end of the Cold War E) Turkey's continued intervention

Q: When Kenneth Starr released his report outlining possible impeachment charges against Clinton, the American public ________. A) became even angrier with Clinton for his indiscretions and deceits B) ignored Starr's report C) wanted all information about presidential affairs reported in the news D) supported Starr for his thorough investigation and reporting of the President's indiscretions E) condemned Starr for revealing on the news such graphic and intimate details of sexual practices

Q: How did the Democratic Party change its tactics in the early 1990s and regain the White House? A) It became more liberal in order to differentiate itself from the Independent Party. B) It became more moderate and began tailoring programs to the middle class. C) It stopped focusing on the middle class and instead sought upper class support. D) It abandoned the traditional Democratic goals such as healthcare reform. E) It strengthened its focus on the importance of big government.

Q: In 1991, the ________ caused a riot in South Central Los Angeles in which 53 people were killed. A) government's response to the failure of banks B) court's acquittal of the police officers who beat Rodney King C) government's failure to respond to the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina D) American invasion of Iraq and capture of Saddam Hussein E) end of the Cold War and fall of the Berlin Wall

Q: How did life improve for African Americans over the last few decades of the twentieth century and the first decade of the twenty-first century? A) The average income for African-American families increased to match that of white families. B) The average educational level of African Americans increased. C) The incarceration level of African Americans dropped below the national average. D) The poverty rate among African Americans dropped below the national average. E) Homicide was no longer the leading cause of death among young black males.

Q: In 1986, Congress responded to concerns about the economic effects of undocumented workers when it ________. A) tripled the size of the border patrol B) built a wall across the Canadian border C) doubled the funds for border enforcement D) repealed privacy laws to find undocumented workers E) penalized employers who hired undocumented workers

Q: What did immigrants from the four major Hispanic groups have in common? A) They tended to be relatively wealthy. B) They tended to have few children. C) They tended to be relatively young. D) They tended to have very high college graduation rates. E) They tended to live primarily in rural areas.

Q: One positive for people living American urban centers is that they ________. A) had more education than people in rural areas B) made less money than people in rural areas C) enjoyed a lower crime rate than people in rural areas D) were just as likely to graduate from college as people in rural areas E) had a lower cost of living than people in rural areas

Q: George H. W. Bush responded to the 1989 repression of protestors in Tiananmen Square by ________. A) threatening to send troops to protect the protestors B) severing all diplomatic ties with the Chinese government C) not reacting publicly, but secretly aiding Chinese resistance groups D) denouncing the violence but secretly maintaining a working relationship with China E) being personally outraged but doing nothing in response

Q: Why was George H. W. Bush's plan to bring down the federal budget deficit unsuccessful? A) His plan was never palatable to Congress. B) His plan coincided with the beginning of a recession. C) His plan included new taxes but no spending cuts. D) His plan included spending cuts but no new taxes. E) His plan did not include new taxes or spending cuts.

Q: After Iraq invaded Kuwait, the George H. W. Bush administration felt pressured because ________. A) Kuwait had been on the other side of the Cold War B) Iraq used U.S. intelligence for its attack on Kuwait C) they feared their actions had inadvertently caused the crisis D) Saddam Hussein's regime was very repressive E) The U.S. was the sole remaining superpower following the Cold War

Q: What issue became especially controversial after Chief Justice William Rehnquist died and Associate Justice Sandra Day O"Connor retired? A) medical insurance B) immigration C) abortion D) government bailouts E) loans made after disasters

Q: Over the years, affirmative action policies were passed to ________. A) secure the power of each branch of government B) allow the president to reinstitute the military draft C) limit the terms of those elected to governmental positions D) ensure greater participation by minorities E) give more decision-making power to the people

Q: The central issue of the 2004 presidential election was ________. A) the war in Iraq B) the Cold War C) the economy D) family values E) the war on drugs

Q: In 2002, the Bush administration insisted Iraq was hiding ________. A) terrorists B) weapons of mass destruction C) stolen U.S. documents D) American diplomats E) religious leaders

Q: The George W. Bush administration initiated a new global strategy after the terrorist attacks on the United States, and its critics called this policy ________. A) unilateralism B) bipolarism C) containment D) dtente E) isolationism

Q: The countries which comprised President George W. Bush's "axis of evil" in 2002 were ________. A) Afghanistan, Russia, and North Korea B) China, Cuba, and Russia C) Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan D) Iraq, Afghanistan, and Russia E) Iraq, Iran, and North Korea

Q: The overthrow of the Taliban regime in ________ was the first move in the war on terror. A) Iraq B) Iran C) Pakistan D) Afghanistan E) Saudi Arabia

Q: "No Child Left Behind" required ________. A) billions of dollars be sent to anti-poverty efforts around the world B) state testing to evaluate student performance in reading and math C) resources go to low-income families to increase graduation rates D) mandatory preschool and kindergarten for all American children E) a reformed foster care system that would prevent all child abuse

Q: After George W. Bush was elected president, his first order of business was ________. A) to expand the Americans with Disabilities Act B) to strengthen environmental protections C) to quell unrest in the Middle East D) to create major healthcare reform E) to institute a large tax cut

Q: Which of these countries was given most-favored nation status in 2000, in spite of its poor human rights record? A) Egypt B) Turkey C) China D) Russia E) Mexico

Q: For which of the following was Bill Clinton impeached by the Senate? A) perjury and obstruction of justice B) making unwelcome sexual advances to Paula Jones C) having an affair with Monica Lewinsky D) selling missile technology to China for campaign contributions E) being involved in a crooked real estate scheme in Arkansas

Q: The Contract with America did NOT include ________. A) universal health care coverage B) a balanced budget amendment to the Constitution C) term limits for members of Congress D) a line-item veto for the president E) a middle-class tax cut

Q: NAFTA is ________. A) the first lending institution to need a government bailout in 2008 B) the most common weapon of mass destruction found in Iraq C) an arms treaty between the United States and Russia D) a free trade agreement between the United States, Mexico, and Canada E) an international organization helping nations move from communism to democracy

Q: Where do the largest single group of Asian Americans come from? A) Cambodia B) China C) Laos D) Thailand E) Vietnam

Q: The event that revealed to the nation that poverty in America was not color-blind was ________. A) the 2000 presidential election B) the Oklahoma City bombing C) Hurricane Katrina D) the War on Terror E) Operation Desert Storm

Q: The nation's largest ethnic minority by 2002 was ________. A) Asian Americans B) African Americans C) Hispanics D) women E) Chinese Americans

Q: The area of the United States that experienced dramatic growth from the 1970s to the 1990s was the ________. A) Pacific Northwest B) Great Lakes region C) Northeast coast D) Midwest E) Sunbelt

Q: Operation ________ was the U.S. and allied military campaign against Iraq in 1991. A) Against Terror B) Desert Storm C) Afghanistan D) Defeat Saddam E) Liberate Kuwait

Q: The person most responsible for the liberation of Eastern Europe from repressive governments was ________. A) Mikhail Gorbachev B) George H. W. Bush C) Saddam Hussein D) Boris Yeltsin E) Bill Clinton

Q: In 1989, popular demonstrations calling for democratic reform were violently suppressed in _______. A) China B) Egypt C) Czechoslovakia D) Chile E) Russia

Q: What campaign pledge did President George H. W. Bush have to break in 1990? A) not to cooperate with Russian leader Gorbachev B) not to lead America into war C) not to raise taxes D) to end the Cold War E) to prohibit discrimination against the disabled