Q&A Hero

Q: How did the inexpensive land of the newly formed Pennsylvania colony affect Maryland and Virginia? a. These three colonies fought over their borders and engaged in full-out war to decide their boundaries. b. Now that Pennsylvania attracted many settlers, Maryland and Virginias desperation for laborers created a large, lasting Indian slave trade. c. Maryland and Virginia opened their colonies to more diverse religions so that they could compete with Pennsylvania for colonists. d. Indentured servants became less likely to go to Maryland and Virginia, creating greater demand for slaves. e. Settlers from England still preferred Maryland and Virginia because the soil was far better for farming.

Q: What was key to making the enslavement of Africans an enduring economic and social institution in colonial America? a. Enslaved Africans in the American colonies were far more likely to die from diseases known in Europe than the Native Americans had been and, thus, slave traders constantly needed to replenish their labor source. b. Unlike in Africa, the skin color of enslaved Africans in America made it difficult for them to escape into surrounding society, and slavery became perpetual, as the children of slaves were slaves too. c. The English had long been accepting of alien peoples such as the Irish, Native Americans, and Africans, and the colonists wished to differentiate themselves from England through alternative labor sources. d. Slaves terms of service automatically expired in the American colonies after a decade, so slave traders were compelled to return to Africa again and again to force more Africans aboard slave ships. e. Enslaved Africans in the American colonies could claim the protections of English common law and thus were more likely to stay on the continent when freed or after escaping bondage.

Q: In seventeenth-century England, the main lines of division focused on a. race. b. ethnicity. c. political ideals. d. religion. e. literature.

Q: In the early seventeenth century, how did the English generally view humanity? a. as divided into well-defined groups associated with skin color, or races, some of which were superior to others b. as divided between civilized people such as themselves, and savage, pagan, people, such as the Irish, Native Americans, and Africans, all of whom they often compared to animals c. as one big interconnected family thanks to the prevalence of the idea of freedom of religion in the colonies d. as all equally deserving of the right to self-determination and equal rights, no matter their background or class e. as the product of centuries of natural selection and other evolutionary forces, as described by the English scientist Charles Darwin

Q: What was the impact of King Philips War? a. All of the Native American tribes in New England united against the colonists, thus delaying their dispossession. b. The war produced a broadening of freedom for whites in New England but resulted in Native Americans losing their lands. c. Native Americans up and down the Eastern Seaboard began rebelling against colonial rule when they saw what happened to their New England counterparts. d. Massachusetts banned all Native Americans from living within its borders following the arrival of the British ruler known as King Philip to the colonies. e. New England colonists grew increasingly sympathetic toward the Native Americans, portraying them as helpless bystanders and establishing protections for them.

Q: The Charter of Liberties and Privileges in New York a. was the work of the Dutch, who did not trust the English to protect their religious freedom. b. resulted especially from displeasure among residents of Manhattan. c. reflected in part an effort by the British to exert their influence and control over the Dutch. d. affirmed religious toleration for all denominations. e. eliminated the property requirement for voting.

Q: Both King Philips War and Bacons Rebellion were conflicts that a. Native Americans ultimately won. b. led to indentured servants gaining more rights. c. slaves started in hopes of gaining their freedom. d. started with disputes over Native American territory. e. involved the spread of Christianity.

Q: According to the economic theory known as mercantilism, a. merchants should control the government because they contribute more than others to national wealth. b. the government should regulate economic activity so as to promote national power. c. the government should encourage manufacturing and commerce by keeping its hands off the economy. d. colonies existed as a place for the mother country to send raw materials to be turned into manufactured goods. e. England wanted the right to sell goods in France, but only to non-Catholic buyers.

Q: What did Parliament hope to accomplish through the first English Navigation Act? a. They sought to require the Royal Navy to use Catholic-owned vessels. b. They wanted to find the Northwest Passage. c. They sought to ensure free trade with no regulations. d. They wished to convey their complete rejection of mercantilism. e. They sought to wrest control of world trade from the Dutch.

Q: Enumerated goods a. made up the bulk of items imported into the colonies from abroad. b. were those the English colonies could not produce under the terms of the Navigation Acts. c. created a financial drain on the English government during the seventeenth century. d. were colonial products, such as tobacco and sugar, that first had to be sold in English ports. e. were specifically exempt from Englands mercantilist regulations.

Q: What sparked a new period of colonial expansion for England in the mid-seventeenth century? a. the return of Charles II as king of England b. the creation of the constitutional monarchy through the Glorious Revolution c. the formal end of the slave trade d. the taking of Quebec from France e. the defeat and dissolution of the Iroquois Confederacy

Q: Why was the New York colony known as New York? a. It was named after Henry VIII, who had given the colony as a gift to the Dutch as a symbol of lasting peace. b. It was a British colony that had reinvented itself, replacing its original government with a democracy. c. It was a symbol of the end of a long period of colonial expansion, as the British had not acquired more land in years. d. The arrival of the English in the colonies represented an increasingly new and open attitude toward blacks. e. An Anglo-Dutch war resulted in the British king awarding the colony to his brother, the Duke of York.

Q: How did the Dutch lose New Netherland to England? a. A formal treaty in Europe stipulated that the Dutch would give it up in exchange for military assistance. b. The Duke of York married into the Dutch royal family. c. The Dutch traded the colony back to Indians, who sold it to the English. d. The Dutch saw New York as being on the periphery of their empire, so they didnt protect it. e. Puritans from New England mounted an invasion with the idea of setting up a holy community.

Q: Which of the following was a goal for the English in gaining New Amsterdam and New Netherland from the Dutch? a. to stop the slave trade in North America b. to act as a launching pad for attacks on the French colonies c. to unify royal families d. to obtain land for tobacco farming. e. to stop Catholicism from spreading

Q: When England gained control of New York from the Dutch, what happened to African-Americans? a. The English banned the institution of slavery in their new colony. b. The English introduced the practice of slavery to New York. c. The free black population gained more job opportunities. d. The English moved the free black population to nearby New Jersey. e. Free blacks lost employment opportunities in skilled jobs.

Q: How did the wealthiest families benefit from England gaining control of New Netherland? a. These families controlled most of the colonial slave trade. b. These families controlled millions of acres in New York. c. All of the fur trade business belonged to these families. d. The Iroquois exclusively traded with these families. e. The women in these families did most of the trading.

Q: What was the Covenant Chain? a. The promise James II gave Parliament that he would marry a Protestant princess. b. An agreement between the Dutch and the Mohican Nation that led to the founding of New Netherland. c. A mythical piece of priceless gold jewelry that Europeans wished to acquire from the Iroquois. d. An important Puritan text that spelled out the doctrine of predestination. e. An alliance made between the governor of New York and the Iroquois Confederacy.

Q: How did English rule affect the Iroquois Confederacy? a. After a series of complex negotiations, both groups aided each others imperial ambitions. b. The English temporarily destroyed the Iroquois Confederacy only to revive it later. c. English oppression drove the Iroquois to the side of the French, who eagerly sought their support. d. It enabled the Iroquois to build alliances with other tribes against a common enemy. e. The Iroquois adopted the English constitutional system.

Q: By the end of the seventeenth century, who was most successful at using diplomacy in securing rights to use land? a. Hurons b. Iroquois c. Wampanoags d. Creeks e. Powhatan

Q: How did the English conquest of New Netherland affect freedom in the colony? a. Women in New York were now able to conduct business in their own names, which greatly expanded the number of women traders by 1700. b. Black New Yorkers now had expanded access to many skilled jobs, and the number of runaway slaves from the South increased. c. The Duke of York and his appointees withdrew the immense grants of land that the Dutch had awarded to favorite wealthy families. d. The duke declared that the new elected assembly would include at least ten representatives chosen by the Iroquois Confederacy. e. The Charter of Liberties and Privileges established an elections process and reaffirmed traditional English rights such as trial by jury and security of property.

Q: What was one way in which New Englanders who settled in New York impacted the colony in the 1680s? a. They banished the Dutch from the colony and eliminated their influence there. b. They sought to expand opportunities for skilled black workers to increase profits. c. They led the charge for the establishment of one Protestant religion as the official colonial religion. d. They wanted the colony to have an elected assembly, as they had grown accustomed to self-government. e. They eliminated the property requirement for voting and called for increased taxation.

Q: Which of the following was highly valued by Puritan societies? a. undisciplined natural liberty b. literacy in order to read the Bible c. charity to help the poor d. individual self-expression e. ornate decorations

Q: In what way was Puritan church membership a restrictive status? a. Only those who could prove they had received formal education could be members, because the ability to read and discuss sermons was so highly valued. b. Although all adult male property owners elected colonial officials, only men who were full church members could vote in local elections. c. Only property owners could be full members of the church. d. Full membership required demonstrating that one had experienced divine grace. e. Full membership required that ones parents and grandparents had been church members.

Q: How did most Puritans view the separation of church and state? a. They were so determined to keep them apart that they banned ministers from holding office, fearing that they would enact pro-religious legislation. b. They allowed church and state to be interconnected by requiring each town to establish a church and levy a tax to support the minister. c. The Massachusetts Bay Colony endorsed the Puritan faith but allowed anyone the freedom to practice or not practice religion. d. They had never heard of the concept before local native leaders introduced them to the practice. e. They invented and successfully enacted the concept, but their efforts ultimately fell apart when Parliament refused to send them written permission.

Q: Puritans viewed individual freedom and personal freedom as a. good because Massachusetts Bay leaders welcomed debate over religion. b. dangerous to social harmony and community stability. c. integral to leading a religious lifestyle, as they played a prominent role in the Bible. d. vital because they had been discouraged from enjoying these back in England. e. detrimental to the individual but ultimately a positive development for the community.

Q: Which of the following did the Puritan settlers of seventeenth-century New England value most highly? a. freedom of speech b. privacy within the family home c. individual expression d. religious toleration e. social unity

Q: Roger Williams argued that a. church and state must be totally separated. b. Puritans must stay in the Church of England and reform it. c. religious wars were necessary to protect not only religion, but also freedom. d. Puritans were on a divine mission to spread the true faith. e. only John Winthrop was capable of explaining the word of God.

Q: Why did Roger Williams found Rhode Island? a. to establish a Catholic colony b. to establish a Jewish colony c. to establish a haven for religious dissenters d. to establish a Native American colony e. to compete with Connecticut for access to the British export trade

Q: When Roger Williams established the colony of Rhode Island a. he required voters there to be members of a Puritan church. b. the king refused to give it a charter, and it remained a renegade colony until Williams died. c. he made sure that it was more democratic than Massachusetts Bay. d. he felt that too much democracy would be bad because it might interfere with religious freedom. e. the colony became a haven for Protestants of all kinds, but it banned Jews.

Q: The minister Thomas Hooker a. wanted the separation of church and state in Rhode Island. b. was the first governor of Massachusetts. c. agreed with Anne Hutchinsons challenges to the Puritan church elders. d. pointed the way to the rock on shore that Plymouth Colony was founded on. e. expanded the number of men who could vote in Hartford.

Q: What did Anne Hutchinsons critics accuse her of? a. Antinomianism: she put her own judgement above human law and the teachings of the church. b. Catholicism: she named the pope as the head of the church. c. Judaism: she renounced Jesus Christ. d. Fraud: she stole money from the offering trays. e. Indecency: she wore revealing clothing.

Q: Which of the following statements accurately describes Anne Hutchinson? a. She was banished after being accused of witchcraft by her neighbors. b. As an unmarried woman, she lived on the edges of Puritan society. c. She fled Massachusetts rather than face trial for sedition. d. She spoke openly of receiving divine revelations directly from God. e. She founded the colony of Rhode Island.

Q: Anne Hutchinsons trial demonstrated that a. she was unable to speak in front of a large group of people. b. she had secretly converted to Catholicism. c. she had been influenced by Native American religion. d. women in Puritan communities were considered equal to their husbands. e. colony leaders and church elders considered her a threat to their authority.

Q: What perceptions of Indian society encouraged the publication of captivity narratives and why? a. English leaders feared that the abundance of gold in Indian societies would make Native American societies far too rich to become the captives of settlers. b. English leaders believed that the lack of desirable qualities in Indian societies would forever guarantee that only Indians could become captives of the English, not vice versa. c. English leaders questioned the tendency of Indians to treat enslaved African Americans poorly and, thus, outlawed any form of servitude or captivity in their own societies. d. English leaders believed that the religious views of the Indians were essentially the same as those of English settlers and would help fuel the creation of shared religious writings. e. English leaders feared that the life of freedom enjoyed by Indians would tempt English settlers to join Indian societies and, thus, required a deterrent.

Q: For most New Englanders, Indians represented a. savagery. b. teachers. c. curiosities. d. sources of culture. e. survival.

Q: What was a result of King Philips War in the 1670s? a. White New Englanders became increasingly less free because the number of taxes increased. b. Great Britain formed the Dominion of New England to protect Native American land. c. The Native American population now significantly outnumbered the white population. d. In the long run, white New Englanders freedom broadened as their access to land expanded. e. Although most Native American leaders lost power, Metacom grew increasingly powerful.

Q: Puritans of the seventeenth century a. were completely unified on all issues. b. believed the Church of England retained too many elements of Catholicism in its rituals and doctrines. c. fundamentally opposed all beliefs of the Church of England. d. believed in both religious freedom and toleration. e. secretly supported the Catholic Church.

Q: The Massachusetts General Court a. reflected the Puritans desire to govern the colony without outside interference. b. was selected exclusively by the king. c. was selected exclusively by the governor. d. ruled the colony from its beginnings in 1630. e. by law had to consist of a majority of Puritan judges.

Q: Puritans were a. English settlers who advocated for the right of all religious dissenters in New England to freely practice their own religion. b. English Catholics who wanted England to become Catholic again. c. English Protestants who rejected the teachings of John Calvin. d. English Protestants who believed that the Church of England was still too similar to the Catholic Church. e. Catholic settlers in Maryland who sought to keep all Protestants out of the colony.

Q: Which of the following ideas was at the center of the religious doctrine of John Calvin? a. The Catholic Church needed to stop its sale of indulgences. b. The hierarchy of the congregation ran from the top down. c. Conversion of Indians must be emphasized. d. It was predetermined by God who was going to receive salvation. e. Performing good works on a consistent basis was the only clear path to heaven.

Q: What was Puritan leader and Massachusetts Bay governor John Winthrops attitude toward liberty? a. He saw two kinds of liberty: natural liberty, the ability to do evil, and moral liberty, the ability to do good. b. He saw two kinds of liberty: negative liberty, the restricting of freedoms for the sake of others, and positive liberty, the ensuring of rights through a constitution. c. He believed that individual rights took precedence over the rights of the community. d. He believed in a dictatorship, with only himself in charge of the Puritan community. e. He believed liberty had a religious but not a political meaning.

Q: To Puritans, liberty meant a. that wives had equal authority with husbands in the family. b. that all people had a right to challenge religious or political authority. c. that all people must be free to practice their religious beliefs. d. that the elect (as opposed to the damned) had a right to establish churches and govern society. e. natural liberty, or acting without restraint.

Q: Why did Puritans decide to emigrate from England in the late 1620s and 1630s? a. Because so many of them had become separatists, they had to leave England to save their church. b. Charles I had started supporting them, creating conflicts with Catholic nobles. c. The Church of England was firing their ministers and censoring their writings. d. Puritan leader John Winthrop wanted a high-level position, and leaving England was the only way for him to get it. e. The Poor Law of 1623 banned non-Catholics from receiving government aid.

Q: Where in the Americas did the Pilgrims originally plan to go? a. New Netherland b. Plymouth Rock c. Boston d. Virginia e. Pennsylvania

Q: The Mayflower Compact established a. religious toleration and freedom in Massachusetts. b. the right to emigrate to America. c. a company chartered to settle New England. d. a civil government for Plymouth Colony. e. peaceful relations between English colonists and Indians in Rhode Island.

Q: What benefited the Pilgrims when they landed at Plymouth? a. They met a Native American, Opechancanough, who helped them. b. It was the late spring, so it was planting season. c. Native Americans, decimated by disease, had left behind cleared fields for farming. d. The local Indian leader considered the English to be divine. e. John Smith arrived to help organize them.

Q: What is the significance of the Mayflower Compact? a. It was the first written frame of government in the American colonies. b. It formally acknowledged Indian ownership of their ancestral territories. c. It established the headright system. d. It was only signed by the wealthiest of the colonists. e. It acknowledged that women had the right to vote.

Q: Which group of settlers in the New World originally held all land in common until 1627? a. the Roanoke colony b. supporters of Anne Hutchinson c. Levellers d. Pilgrims e. the Virginia Company

Q: In contrast to the Chesapeake region, the population in New England a. did not stress family-based activities. b. focused on rice and tobacco. c. grew rapidly because of healthier surroundings. d. included even fewer women. e. was not as deeply religious.

Q: What was one difference between life in New England and in the Chesapeake in the seventeenth century? a. The Chesapeake was a far healthier environment, so more children survived infancy there than in New England. b. Tobacco plantations dominated New England, while family farms dominated the Chesapeake. c. Religious beliefs were less influential on New England society. d. Patriarchal family patterns emerged quickly in New England but more slowly in the Chesapeake. e. Chesapeake society was more socially unified, because the region had many more towns than New England.

Q: The Puritans believed that male authority in the household was a. an outdated idea. b. to be unquestioned. c. so absolute that a husband could order the murder of his wife. d. not supposed to resemble Gods authority in any way, because that would be blasphemous. e. limited only by the number of childrenthe more, the better.

Q: In Puritan marriages a. reciprocal affection and companionship were the ideal. b. divorce was not allowed. c. husbands could beat their wives without interference from the authorities. d. wives were banned from attending church services. e. women could speak only when spoken to.

Q: Maryland was established as a refuge for which group? a. Quakers b. Puritans c. Pilgrims d. Native Americans e. Catholics

Q: In early seventeenth-century Massachusetts, freeman status was granted to adult males who a. owned land, regardless of their church membership. b. had served their term as indentured servants. c. were freed slaves. d. were landowning church members. e. raised cash crops for the colony.

Q: The Native American leader Powhatan a. tried to avoid trade with the colonists at all costs, as he had strongly distrusted them from the beginning. b. managed to consolidate control over some thirty nearby tribes and initially promoted trade with the English. c. was the brother of Pocahontas and believed Native Americans should be subservient to the English. d. invited the colonists to feasts with his tribe and then slaughtered the entire colony of Jamestown. e. recognized that the English settlers controlled most of the regions food and, thus, sought their graces.

Q: How did Pocahontas play a key role in Jamestown society? a. She served as an intermediary between Powhatan and English leaders, transporting food and messages. b. Her marriage to John Rolfe led to many more interracial marriages between Indians and the English. c. She became a symbol of the animosity between settlers and Indians and was denied entry to King James Is court. d. She married John Smith and led the Jamestown colony alongside him, leading to an alliance between the English and Indians. e. Her conversion to Christianity led to the majority of Native Americans in her village to switch to the Church of England.

Q: It can be argued that conflict between the English settlers and local Indians in Virginia became inevitable when a. the Native Americans realized that England wanted to establish a permanent and constantly expanding colony, not just a trading post. b. Pocahontas married John Rolfe instead of her longtime suitor John Smith. c. the House of Burgesses passed a law ordering Native Americans out of the colony. d. Powhatan led an attack against the English settlers in 1644 that expanded into an all-out war that lasted for decades e. Spain formed a military alliance with Powhatan and turned against the English.

Q: Opechancanough a. emphasized peaceful relations with the English colonists in Virginia. b. was responsible for his brother Powhatans death. c. accidentally killed John Smith during a feast. d. mounted a surprise attack against Virginia in the 1620s. e. betrayed rebelling natives to the English authorities.

Q: Which of the following was a consequence of the Uprising of 1622? a. The Virginia Company sold half of its original land to the coastal Native Americans who had gradually gained supremacy. b. The Crown sent hundreds of convicts to settle in Virginia to punish them for their demonstrations in England. c. The Virginia Company banned the cultivation of tobacco because relations between white settlers and enslaved Africans were so fraught. d. The Crown reinstated John Smith as governor to reward him for his role in quelling the uprising and restoring trade. e. Virginia experienced a major shift in the power balance of the colony and, as a result, became the first royal colony.

Q: In what sense was the Virginia Company a failure? a. It was not profitable for its investors. b. None of its white inhabitants survived. c. Tobacco failed to thrive in its colonys climate. d. The local Indians refused to sell land to its founders. e. Spain seized control of the companys colony.

Q: What is the significance of the Uprising of 1622? a. It was the inspiration for Mary Rowlandsons popular captivity narrative. b. It resulted in the complete victory of one of the regions most powerful Indian groups. c. It was a colonial manifestation of the English Civil War. d. It was caused by the implementation of the enclosure movement in Ireland. e. It fundamentally altered the balance of power between the Indians and English.

Q: What was Virginias gold, which ensured its survival and prosperity? a. cotton b. fur c. tobacco d. indigo e. sugar

Q: Tobacco production in Virginia a. enriched an emerging class of planters and certain members of the colonial government. b. benefited from the endorsement of King James I. c. declined after its original success, as Europeans learned the dangers of smoking. d. resulted in more unified settlements, thanks to tobaccos propensity to grow only in certain areas of Virginia. e. was under the control of two planters, Walter Raleigh and the Earl of Kent.

Q: The spread of tobacco farming in seventeenth-century Virginia a. discouraged land speculation and reduced the demand for field labor. b. led to a decline in profits for the colonial government and the crown. c. helped to create a highly unequal society, dominated economically and politically by an elite plantation-owning class. d. led to a remarkably equal, socially unified society, centered on networks of closely connected towns. e. impoverished the landholding elite and allowed poor laborers to acquire most of the land.

Q: Of the English women who came to Virginia in the seventeenth century, a. a majority arrived as wives of merchants and English gentlemen. b. a majority were indentured servants who labored in the tobacco fields, often facing early death and sexual abuse by masters. c. most married very young, during their term of indentured service. d. most remained single because women outnumbered male settlers ten to one. e. most encountered social conditions that strengthened the traditional authority of husbands and fathers.

Q: Why did many women in Virginia not start a family until their mid-twenties? a. Women mostly came to Virginia as indentured servants. b. Women were too busy running the family business. c. Women outnumbered men, so they had a difficult time finding a husband. d. Women focused on doing work for the church. e. Women and men were not together often due to men fighting in wars with Indians.

Q: Maryland was similar to Virginia in that a. both started out as proprietary colonies. b. tobacco proved crucial to its economy and society. c. John Smith had to take over the colony and organize its settlers to work. d. both offered settlers total religious freedom. e. the king approved the creation of each colony only because of pressure from Parliament.

Q: Marylands founder, Cecilius Calvert, a. wanted Maryland to be like a feudal domain, with power limited for ordinary people. b. supported total religious freedom for all of the colonys inhabitants. c. gave a great deal of power to the elected assembly but not to the royal governor. d. lost ownership of the colony and died a pauper. e. actually hated Catholics, which is why he set up a colony for them in a swamp.

Q: Which colony created the first elected assembly in colonial America? a. Rhode Island b. Maryland c. Roanoke d. Virginia e. Massachusetts

Q: How did indentured servants display a fondness for freedom? a. Most of them became abolitionists, fighting to end slavery in British North America. b. Some of them ran away or were disobedient to their masters. c. They sent letters home detailing their rapid rise as prominent members of American society. d. They insisted on their right to serve in the militia because they believed in the right to bear arms. e. They regularly published pamphlets criticizing their masters, displaying their love of free speech.

Q: Intermarriage between English colonists and Native Americans in Virginia a. was quite common following the wedding of John Smith and Pocahontas. b. was only permitted for colonists who were part of the upper class. c. was very rare before being outlawed by the Virginia legislature in 1691. d. created a prevalent mixed race of Native Americans who often wound up enslaved. e. produced a member of a British royal family who became an Indian chief.

Q: Which is true of the approach taken by English colonies to Native American land in the seventeenth century? a. The English usually acquired land from the Native Americans by forcing treaties on them. b. The first English colonists sought the permission of local Indian chiefs before establishing settlements. c. English leaders encouraged settlers to establish farms on Native American land in order to provoke warfare, which inevitably resulted in treaties favoring the English. d. The English did not acknowledge that the Native Americans had any rights to their ancestral lands. e. Puritan preachers made popular the argument that only Indians who converted to Christianity could claim ownership to any land.

Q: The colonization efforts of which European power resulted in the most thorough displacement of Indians over time? a. Portugal b. Spain c. England d. France e. Netherlands

Q: With regard to Indians, the English were chiefly interested a. in intermarrying with Indians. b. in converting to Indian religions. c. in displacing Indians and settling on their land. d. in ruling over Indians as subjects of the English crown. e. in joining Indian tribes.

Q: Who received most of the profits from trade between Native Americans and colonists? a. Native Americans b. English soldiers c. colonial and European merchants d. the king e. Parliament

Q: How did contact with Europeans affect the hunting practices of Indians? a. Indians stopped hunting in favor of raising livestock. b. Indians began to hunt more birds, because they found that Europeans would pay high prices for fowl. c. Indians began exclusively hunting fish, because new European technology made it far easier to do so. d. The hunting practices of Indians were unchanged by contact with Europeans. e. Indians invested more time in hunting beavers for their fur.

Q: Which English group did the most to reshape Native American society and culture in the seventeenth century? a. traders b. religious missionaries c. colonial authorities d. settlers farming the land e. the Royal Geographical Society

Q: Which of the following statements is true of the Jamestown colony? a. While about half of its settlers died in the first year, forced labor enabled it to survive. b. It was a rich source of gold and silver that proved the envy of the Spanish settlers. c. It was established predominantly as a haven for Catholics persecuted in Europe. d. Constant Native American attacks decimated the population and led to its failure. e. Its inhabitants completely disappeared, leaving behind a mysterious word carved into a tree.

Q: As leader of the Jamestown Colony, John Smith a. was a failure and had to return to England. b. improved relations with Native Americans by marrying Pocahontas. c. used rigorous military discipline to hold the colony together. d. used an elaborate reward system to persuade colonists to work. e. set up the first representative assembly in the New World.

Q: The Virginia Companys establishment of the headright system in 1618 a. gave every former indentured servant fifty acres of land, which created the basis for a more socially equal society than that of Massachusetts. b. gave fifty acres of land to any colonist who paid for his own or anothers passage, which in effect awarded large estates to anyone who brought in a sizable number of servants. c. gave widows the entirety of their husbands properties in perpetuity, which undermined the patriarchal social order. d. forbade the development of large plantations, which hindered the spread of tobacco farming. e. abolished indentured servitude and slavery and dispersed all plantation owners lands to former servants and slaves.