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Q:
Why did Native Americans who farmed never plow their fields?
a. The soil was too dry.
b. They had no livestock.
c. There was too much fertilizer.
d. They had big shovels to use to dig.
e. They did not need to grow many crops.
Q:
Which of the following statements accurately describes one of the advancements of the Inca kingdom?
a. The Incas were the only Native American group to own vast quantities of gold.
b. The Aztecs helped the Incas develop their empire, as these groups formed a close alliance.
c. The Incas were predominantly located along the Atlantic Ocean and pioneered shipbuilding.
d. The Incas refrained from expanding so that the empire was easy to manage.
e. The Incas developed a complex system of roads and bridges along the Andes mountain chain.
Q:
Where did mound-building tribes flourish?
a. near the Atlantic Ocean
b. in the Mississippi River Valley
c. in present-day New Mexico
d. in present-day South Florida
e. near the Hudson River
Q:
Pueblo Indians lived in what is now
a. the eastern United States.
b. the southwestern United States.
c. the Yucatan Peninsula.
d. the northeastern United States.
e. western Canada.
Q:
The Pueblo Indians encountered by the Spanish in the sixteenth century
a. had engaged in settled village life only briefly before the Spanish arrived.
b. had been almost completely isolated from any other people before the Spanish arrived.
c. used irrigation systems to aid their agricultural production.
d. were called mound builders because of the burial mounds they created.
e. created a vast empire that included control of the Incas.
Q:
Who were the Native Americans who created the Great League of Peace?
a. Creeks
b. Mohegans
c. Choctaws
d. Powhatans
e. Iroquois
Q:
When Europeans arrived, many Native Americans
a. tried to use them to enhance their standing with other Native Americans.
b. immediately opened treaty negotiations regarding land and resources.
c. promptly united against them in open warfare.
d. immediately surrendered due to the Europeans superiority.
e. simply moved away to avoid any interactions with them.
Q:
Which of the following was one of the primary focuses of the Great League of Peace?
a. It led an educational program intended to spread knowledge of the best farming techniques.
b. It successfully outlawed any wars among tribes over goods or sentiments such as revenge.
c. It greatly decreased the amount of centralized authority that had been the norm before the fifteenth century.
d. It forbid all participating Native American groups from having their own political systems and religious beliefs.
e. It relied on representatives from different groups to decide on whether to have friendly relations with outsiders.
Q:
Native American religious ceremonies
a. were completely unrelated to traditional practices such as farming and hunting.
b. reflected a belief that sacred spirits could be found in living and inanimate things.
c. conveyed that man was subject to supernatural forces he could not control.
d. were practiced the same way in every community regardless of tribe.
e. posed sharp distinctions between the natural and supernatural.
Q:
Which of the following resulted from the European exploration, conquest, and colonization of the Western Hemisphere?
a. Crops new to each hemisphere reshaped peoples diets and transformed the natural environment.
b. Native Americans gained an unprecedented amount of political power.
c. The Old and New Worlds remained largely unchanged.
d. European interest in Africa dissipated; instead, Europeans focused on enslaving Native American populations.
e. European nations entered the longest era of peace since the Pax Romana.
Q:
Which of the following statements accurately describes the Americas before the arrival of Europeans?
a. Across Native American groups, only a few languages were spoken, which aided communication.
b. A diverse array of Native American groups had their own languages, cultures, and conflicts.
c. Trade among Native American groups had yet to be established because there were few riches there.
d. Groups relied only on hunting and gathering, not any form of farming the earth.
e. Very little diversity existed in North America, which contributed to the lack of fighting.
Q:
Which statement is true about Native Americans who lived in the Western Hemisphere prior to the arrival of Europeans?
a. They descended from people who are believed to have arrived in North America from Asia between 15,000 and 60,000 years ago, via a land bridge across the Bering Strait.
b. They lived in large cities such as Tenochtitlan, which had a population that surpassed 1 million people.
c. The most complex Native American civilizations developed in the region that later became the United States.
d. Native Americans were heavily reliant on livestock populations.
e. Native Americans all spoke the same language.
Q:
What was a commonality shared between the Asians who crossed the Bering Strait and the Europeans who crossed the Atlantic Ocean thousands of years later?
a. Both groups were sent there by powerful monarchs.
b. Both groups were driven by the desire to hunt large mammals.
c. Both groups started as slaves and then gained their freedom during the journey.
d. Both groups trekked during bitter ice ages.
e. Both groups were searching for resources.
Q:
Washingtons troops successfully defeated HessiansGerman soldiers paid to fight for the Britishat Trenton, New Jersey.
Q:
Around 9,000 years ago, where did farming first start in the Americas?
a. the Mississippi Valley
b. the Ohio Valley
c. around the Amazon River
d. Mexico and the mountains of South America
e. the Near East
Q:
Poor communication between generals contributed to the British defeat at the Battle of Saratoga.
Q:
Pre-Columbian Native Americans were viewed by Europeans as backwards due to their
a. lack of farming techniques.
b. lack of metal tools.
c. inadequate hunting and fishing skills.
d. lack of trade networks.
e. inability to communicate within their tribes.
Q:
Adherence to the idea of American exceptionalism made colonists reluctant to accept the military aid of France during the Revolution.
Q:
The American victory at Trenton convinced the French to join the American cause.
Q:
British commanders were never able to consolidate their hold on the South.
Q:
The French played a significant role in the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown.
Q:
During the American Revolution, Canada was eager to join the American independence movement.
Q:
British possessions in the West Indies a. were handed over to the new United States in the Treaty of Paris. b. issued their own declarations of independence in the late 1770s. c. remained loyal to the crown because their leaders feared slave uprisings. d. all fell into the hands of the French as a result of the American Revolution. e. were divided during the American Revolution, with some islands sending regiments to the Continental army.
Q:
___ 1. Stamp Act ___ 2. Sons of Liberty ___ 3. Common Sense ___ 4. Committees of Correspondence ___ 5. Quebec Act ___ 6. virtual representation ___ 7. Regulators ___ 8. East India Company ___ 9. Saratoga ___ 10. Loyalists ___ 11. homespun virtue ___ 12. Ethiopian regiment a. was the first significant American victory of the American Revolution b. was the beneficiary of the Tea Act and the victim of the Boston Tea Party c. granted religious tolerance for Catholics in Canada and extended Canadas boundaries d. was another name for colonists who remained supportive to Britain during the events of and leading up to the Revolutionary War e. was composed of black Loyalist forces that, according to legend, wore uniforms with the motto Liberty to Slaves f. was a pamphlet that argued for American independence and declared America an asylum for mankind g. was the idea that each member of Parliament represented the entire empire h. exchanged ideas and information about resistance and sprang up in various colonies i. street protesters that had a large following and helped enforce the boycott of British goods j. protested the underrepresentation of western settlements in South Carolinas assembly k. was the idea of avoiding buying British goods and making do with nonimported goods l. created one of the first new taxes on the colonies that went on to spur a crisis because colonists felt it violated their liberty
Q:
In 1800, most farm families focused on a single cash crop and bought most household goods at general stores.
Q:
3 Turnpikes made owners wealthy, causing resentment against them as a class of entrepreneurs.
Q:
In 1776, what did political philosopher Adam Smith observe about the discovery of the Americas?
a. The European colonization of the Americas changed the course of history.
b. The idea of slavery in the New World originated with the Native Americans.
c. In reference to the Americas, the term discovery is misleading and should not be used.
d. Christopher Columbuss role in settling the New World was insignificant.
e. Native Americans had benefited tremendously from European encounters.
Q:
The vast majority of nations that have adopted declarations of independence have picked up Jeffersons language regarding natural rights.
Q:
16 Siding with the British offered slaves far more opportunities for liberty than did siding with the pro-independence Americans.
Q:
Blacks who fought under George Washington did so in segregated units.
Q:
Washingtons army was demoralized by repeated failures early in the war, and many soldiers simply went home.
Q:
Both North Carolina and South Carolina had Regulator movements.
Q:
7. Compare the relative advantages of the American and the British militaries. How was George Washington able to secure a victory over the most powerful nation in the world?
Q:
Homespun clothing became a symbol of American resistance during the American boycott on British goods.
Q:
8. Discuss the ways in which both supporters and opponents of independence used the concepts of freedom and slavery during the American Revolution. Be sure to consider the perspectives of Thomas Paine and Samuel Seabury (both in Voices of Freedom), the slaves who fought for both sides, and others whose ideas you consider significant.
Q:
The British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre were put on trial, with most found not guilty and two convicted of manslaughter.
Q:
9. How did the colonists justify their protests and ultimate rebellion? What sources did they call on? What philosophies were influential? How was the language of freedom and liberty used?
Q:
To resist the Intolerable Acts, a Continental Congress convened in Philadelphia.
Q:
The First Continental Congress raised an army and appointed George Washington as its commander.
Q:
Benedict Arnold almost succeeded in turning over to the British the important Fort Ticonderoga on Lake Champlain.
Q:
Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense as a response to Thomas Jeffersons Declaration of Independence.
Q:
The sales of Common Sense made Thomas Paine, who came from a poor background, wealthy.
Q:
Patrick Henrys call for outright resistance to taxation was initially deemed too radical to be enacted.
Q:
4. Revolution is a dynamic process with consequences no one can anticipate. Explain the initial goals of the colonists in 1765 at the time of the Stamp Act and the evolution of their ultimate decision to declare independence in 1776.
Q:
The Sons of Liberty enforced a boycott of British goods.
Q:
What were the political and social consequences of the Revolution that had emerged by 1783?
Q:
6. Many students believe that the Revolutionary War was a short and relatively painless war. However, for Americans, only the Vietnam War and the modern war in Afghanistan lasted longer than the Revolutionary War. In a thoughtful essay, describe why the war was so lengthy and what costs were involved for the British and for the Americans.
Q:
Identify the key events that sharpened the divisions between Britain and the colonists in the late 1760s and early 1770s. Who were the Loyal Nine? a. a group of merchants and craftsmen active in opposing the Stamp Act b. a group of British-appointed governors who opposed the Revolution c. nine Native American tribes who sided with the British d. a group of women committed to using only homespun cloth during the boycott e. the nine delegates to the first Continental Congress
Q:
Identify the key events that marked the move toward American independence. The attack by Massachusetts colonists on the home of lieutenant governor and chief justice Thomas Hutchinson a. convinced him that the Stamp Act, which he had previously supported, was unwise. b. included a physical assault of Hutchinsons family, an act that prompted Great Britain to clamp down on colonial liberties. c. led Hutchinson to believe that effective British rule would require the loss of some liberties for the colonists. d. led Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts immediately. e. included prominent Boston residents such as Samuel and John Adams.
Q:
Leonardo da Vincis, Study of Human Proportion: The Vitruvian Man (p. 141), embodies both:
a) the earthly and heavenly worlds.
b) mind and matter.
c) the material and the transcendental.
d) All of the above.
Q:
Louis Sullivan utilized this type of construction in the late 19th century in Chicago to build increasingly tall buildings.
a) load bearing
b) cast iron
c) steel and glass curtain
d) steel and reinforced concrete
Q:
In her painting, Still Life with Lobster, (p. 150), Anna Vallayer-Coster establishes emphasis through:
a) the manipulation of light and color.
b) the use of scale.
c) the reliance on asymmetrical balance.
d) the strong subject matter.
Q:
The Seagram Building, designed by Philip Johnson and Mies van der Rohe is a perfect example of ___________ in architecture.
a) the International Style
b) the Prairie Style
c) Bauhaus style
d) postmodernism
Q:
The _______ was made famous by the ancient Greeks (p. 159) as a model of architectural proportion.
a) canon
b) Doryphorus
c) mathematical harmony
d) golden section
Q:
The Anasazi cliffside caves at Mesa Verde (p. 350) show the roofs of two _______, which are the underground space for ceremonial life.
a) ziggurats
b) kivas
c) sipapu
d) architraves
Q:
When dealing with balance in a composition, an artist or designer is actually dealing with:
a) actual weight.
b) visual weight.
c) proportion.
d) the balance between form and content.
Q:
What building method was used for the construction of the Egyptian pyramids (p. 348)?
a) load bearing
b) truss
c) post and lintel
d) skeleton and skin
Q:
_______ is a term that describes an artists attempt to draw our eyes to one area of a composition (150).
a) Absolute symmetry
b) Bilateral symmetry
c) Emphasis
d) Proportion
Q:
The look of our buildings and communities (p. 348) depends on two different factors and their interrelation. What are those factors?
a) tastes and materials
b) design and construction
c) topography and technology
d) architects and designers
Q:
Repetition often implies monotony (162-164), yet it also creates a sense of:
a) rhythm.
b) scale.
c) imbalance.
d) boring disruption.
Q:
The Romans created larger interior spaces in architecture than the Greeks (p. 354) because:
a) they were able to use stronger stone for the post-and-lintel constructions.
b) they combined the use of the arch with the use of concrete.
c) they understood the limits of tensile strength.
d) they used skeleton and steel construction.
Q:
When each side of a composition is exactly the same (p. 143), it shows:
a) asymmetrical balance.
b) absolute symmetry.
c) perfect proportion.
d) visual weight.
Q:
Which of these previous architectural styles does Emilio Ambaszs ACROS building most resemble?
a) Gothic cathedrals
b) Mesopotamian ziggurats
c) Frank Lloyd Wrights Prairie House
d) Egyptian pyramids
Q:
In the Gothic period, when Notre Dame de Paris was built (p. 358), architects preferred to use:
a) pointed arches.
b) barrel vaults.
c) solid wall construction.
d) domes.
Q:
When an artist deliberately avoids emphasis (p. 152), we say that the work is:
a) radially balanced.
b) afocal.
c) postmodern.
d) multi-lateral.
Q:
This building, designed by Tom Wills-Wright, was recently built in ___________, which is one of the worlds present hot-spots for extravagant and monumental architecture.
a) New York City
b) London
c) Hong Kong
d) Dubai
Q:
Where is the focal point in the Baroque painting, Joseph the Carpenter by Georges de La Tour?
a) In the childs (Jesus) face
b) Josephs left foot
c) Josephs right hand
d) the upper-left part of the composition
Q:
Notre Dame Cathedral, in Paris, is an example of _______ architecture.
a) Gothic
b) Romanesque
c) basilica
d) post-and-lintel
Q:
Which of these pieces best illustrates the use of variety over unity?
a) Laylah Alis Untitled
b) Louise Lawlers Pollock and Tureen
c) James Lavadours The Seven Valleys and the Five Valleys
d) August Rodins The Three Shades
Q:
Robie House is a typical work by the architect:
a) Mies van der Rohe.
b) William Morris.
c) Frank Lloyd Wright.
d) Eero Saarinen.
Q:
Sayre stats that the focal point in Larry Poons Orange Crush is:
a) in the exact center.
b) on the extreme left edge, top to bottom.
c) in the upper right hand corner.
d) there is no focal point.
Q:
The Seagram Building, designed Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson, is an example of the International Style, a type of architecture marked by:
a) rigid lines.
b) integration with topography.
c) austere geometric simplicity.
d) mass and volume.
Q:
The Rose window from the Chartres Cathedral is an example of:
a) assymetrical balance.
b) bilateral symmetry.
c) radial balance.
d) absolute symmetry.
Q:
Johnson and Burgees University of Houston, College of Architecture is said to be a postmodern building because it:
a) employs Louis Sullivans form follows function maxim.
b) follows the modernist mantra, form over function.
c) borrows from many different styles and time periods to create a kind of history of Western architecture.
d) uses post-and-lintel architecture.
Q:
The Taj Mahal was built by Shah Jahan beginning in 1632___________.
a) for use as a mosque
b) as a museum to house cultural objects of great value
c) as a mausoleum for his favorite wife, who died giving birth to their 14th child
d) as a pilgrimage site
Q:
Gold has always been a popular art medium because: a) it is malleable and easy to work. b) it doesnt corrode. c) it occurs in an almost pure state. d) all of the above.
Q:
Thomas Corams View of Mulberry House and Street displays architecture that is a good example of:
a) postmodern architecture.
b) architecture conforming to its local environment and available technology.
c) neo-Classical architecture.
d) architecture that defies its local environment and available technology.
Q:
Hokusais The Great Wave makes a statement about scale, in part because:
a) the print is 86 inches in height.
b) any black-and-white art causes scale to feel reduced.
c) everyone in Japan knows the scale of Mount Fuji.
d) All of the above.
Q:
Jan Vermeers Woman Holding a Balance is a perfect example of ____________.
a) a symmetrical composition
b) variety over unity
c) rhythm and repetition
d) an asymmetrically-balanced composition
Q:
Chartres Cathedrals rose window best illustrates:
a) asymmetrical balance.
b) asymmetry.
c) radial balance.
d) the canonical faade.