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Q:
All of the following statements describe changes made to southern education during Reconstruction EXCEPT:
A) White and black school attendance increased.
B) The number of public schools increased.
C) Poor children were not allowed to attend school.
D) Segregation in schools remained largely the norm.
Q:
The Republican governments that controlled the southern states during Reconstruction were
A) supported by some white southerners.
B) usually more corrupt than state governments in the North.
C) generally accepted by most white southerners.
D) dominated by illiterate blacks.
Q:
In the late nineteenth century, the black leader who continued to press for full citizenship rights for blacks in the United States was
A) Felix Haywood.
B) Benjamin "Pap" Singleton.
C) Frederick Douglass.
D) Benjamin Franklin.
Q:
After the Civil War, as far as education was concerned, blacks
A) showed a thirst for knowledge.
B) found most southern whites supportive of their desire to learn.
C) had a higher percentage of school attendance than whites.
D) showed little interest in formal learning.
Q:
In an attempt to improve their condition after freedom, blacks during the Reconstruction period
A) placed little emphasis on education.
B) encountered little white opposition to their educational efforts.
C) often worked through their churches.
D) relied exclusively on the Freedman's Bureau.
Q:
During the Reconstruction Era, poor black southerners
A) generally embraced an emotional and revivalistic religion.
B) effectively combined with poor blacks to achieve political control of the southern state governments.
C) tended to accept the blacks as their social equals.
D) escaped from the tenant farming system.
Q:
During Reconstruction, poor blacks and poor whites in the South
A) largely owned their own farmland.
B) found economic independence through the tenant farming system.
C) often became sharecroppers or tenant farmers.
D) came together in harmony.
Q:
During the Reconstruction period, southern tenant farmers
A) found it easy to gain ownership of their own land.
B) united to confiscate the property of the landowners.
C) generally grew almost all of what they needed for survival.
D) seldom earned much money and fell into debt.
Q:
At the end of the Reconstruction period, southern blacks in general
A) dominated southern politics.
B) remained economically dependent on southern whites.
C) had gained effective economic independence from southern whites.
D) had mostly migrated to the North.
Q:
In providing aid to the blacks after the Civil War, the Freedman's Bureau
A) concentrated on helping poor whites instead of blacks.
B) was characterized by mixed success.
C) was generally unconcerned with black needs.
D) was a total failure.
Q:
In an overall analysis, Congressional Reconstruction for the freedpeople
A) provided blacks with an excellent foundation for the future.
B) attracted widespread support among southern whites.
C) provided economic, but not political opportunities.
D) provided little economic security.
Q:
Chief among those who wanted to provide economic support for the freedpeople after the Civil War was
A) U.S. Grant.
B) Thaddeus Stevens.
C) Abraham Lincoln.
D) Andrew Johnson.
Q:
During the Reconstruction period, northerners
A) only reluctantly supported the idea of giving blacks the right to vote.
B) generally wanted to confiscate the property of southern whites and give it to the blacks.
C) enthusiastically endorsed the idea of black equality.
D) opposed granting citizenship to blacks.
Q:
Congress impeached President Johnson for
A) the Credit Mobilier scandals.
B) permitting blacks to vote.
C) extramarital affairs in office.
D) violating the Tenure of Office Act.
Q:
In the Reconstruction Acts of 1867, Congress
A) allowed southern states to deny blacks the right to vote.
B) provided for impeachment of the president.
C) divided the southern states into five military districts.
D) impeached President Grant.
Q:
The election of 1866 was critical in determining the outcome of Reconstruction because the
A) Democrats won a majority in Congress.
B) Republicans were defeated in the election.
C) president won great support from the people.
D) Republicans won an overwhelming victory.
Q:
The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution
A) gained considerable support from President Johnson.
B) became the central issue of the midterm election, because Johnson spoke against Republicans and Democrats appealed to voters' prejudices.
C) generated little controversy; all Americans endorsed it.
D) joined Democrats and Republicans in a shared cause.
Q:
Radical Republicans created their own plan for Reconstruction, including
A) helping freedpeople make the transition to full freedom.
B) imprisoning rebel leaders.
C) promoting economic diversity in the South.
D) forcing southern states to pay the costs of the Civil War.
Q:
Andrew Johnson's plan for national reconstruction
A) proved to be very lenient toward the South.
B) pleased the Republican leadership in Congress.
C) called for harsh treatment of the South.
D) defended the interest of the planter class.
Q:
During the Reconstruction Era, the "Black Codes"
A) reestablished slavery.
B) guaranteed freedpeople full political and civil rights.
C) desegregated southern society.
D) restricted the economic opportunities of the freedpeople.
Q:
In the months immediately after the Civil War, the dominant emotion among southern whites was
A) fear.
B) anger toward plantation owners.
C) sorrow.
D) acceptance of blacks as equals.
Q:
In the years immediately following emancipation, the freedpeople
A) considered securing jobs and land to be their primary goals.
B) preferred to work in gangs.
C) showed little interest in establishing a traditional family life.
D) showed little interest in acquiring an education.
Q:
At the end of the Civil War, emancipated blacks
A) received ownership of 40 acres of land.
B) often changed their manners toward whites to demonstrate their freedom.
C) mostly remained on the plantations where they had been slaves.
D) immediately achieved full equality with southern whites.
Q:
In 1865, at the end of the Civil War, the southern states
A) contrasted starkly with the economic prosperity of the northern states.
B) readily accepted whatever reconstruction policy the North suggested.
C) had been affected only slightly by the war, both socially and economically.
D) quickly reestablished an industrial-based economy.
Q:
In 1865, at the end of the Civil War, the Democratic party
A) represented an uneasy alliance of former Whigs and Know-Nothings.
B) depicted the Republicans as a group of rebels and traitors.
C) ruled victoriously over the government of the United States.
D) was in shambles organizationally.
Q:
In trying to establish a policy for reconstruction of the South after the Civil War,
A) Congress readily agreed with Lincoln's plan.
B) a conflict arose between Congress and the president about which had authority in the matter.
C) Johnson finally forced Congress to adopt his plan.
D) Congress rejected Lincoln's plan.
Q:
As the Allstons began to reestablish their lives after the Civil War, they found that
A) all of their former slaves had fled from their plantations.
B) the blacks had taken control of southern society.
C) it would be fairly simple to reestablish the old patterns of society.
D) new relationships would have to be established with their former slaves.
Q:
The use of the new, longer-range rifles during the Civil War
A) contradicted the training offered at West Point.
B) reduced the emphasis on infantry attack.
C) produced a ghastly crop of dead men.
D) led to more effective use of artillery.
Q:
Jefferson Davis was observed by his contemporaries as too
A) insensitive to criticism.
B) unwilling to experiment.
C) lazy and easy-going.
D) preoccupied with details.
Q:
Lincoln's early actions as president indicated that he intended to
A) act only with the sanction of Congress.
B) rely heavily on his cabinet members' advice.
C) take responsibility for running his own administration.
D) respect the traditions and dogmas of the past.
Q:
For his cabinet, Lincoln selected
A) friends to whom he owed political debts.
B) only those men who agreed with his views.
C) important Republicans whether they agreed with him or not.
D) men of lesser political stature or ability.
Q:
In February 1861, the original seceding states created a provisional government
A) emphasizing the sovereignty of the states.
B) establishing their capital at Richmond, Virginia.
C) selecting Robert E. Lee as president.
D) authorizing generous funds for employees and supplies.
Q:
To secure Maryland for the Union, Lincoln
A) arrested and detained southern sympathizers.
B) sent federal troops to Baltimore.
C) issued a writ of habeas corpus.
D) offered a declaration of emancipation.
Q:
The material assets of the North during the Civil War
A) became effective only in the long run.
B) immediately placed the South at a disadvantage.
C) offset the greater supply of manpower in the South.
D) allowed the North to wage a defensive war.
Q:
In response to Fort Sumter,
A) the states of Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri seceded and joined the Confederacy.
B) northern authorities enlisted black volunteers for military service.
C) President Lincoln asked Congress to initiate plans for military conscription.
D) both the North and South witnessed a tremendous outpouring of support.
Q:
Fashionable Washington photographer ________, realizing that the camera was the "eye of history," asked Lincoln for permission to record the war.
Q:
On July 3, 1863, General Robert E. Lee sent about 15,000 men in a gallant but futile assault, known as ________ against the Union center at the Battle of Gettysburg.
Q:
Unless rebellious states (or parts of states in rebellion) returned to the Union by January 1, 1863, the president would declare their slaves "forever free," according to the ________.
Q:
Immigrant workers in eastern cities and those who lived in the southern parts of the Midwest had little sympathy for abolitionism or blacks, supporting the antiwar stance of the Peace Democrats, often referred to as ________.
Q:
Originally a U.S. warship, which sank as the federal navy abandoned the Norfolk Navy Yard, the Confederates raised the ________ and covered it with heavy armor.
Q:
The early struggle of the Civil War in the East focused on the capture of ________, the Confederacy's capital and one of the South's most important railroad, industrial, and munitions centers.
Q:
Winfield Scott, the Union commanding general at the beginning of the Civil War, favored a cautious, long-term strategy known as the ________.
Q:
In Ex parte Merryman, Chief Justice________ of the Supreme Court ruled that if the public's safety was endangered, only Congress had the right to suspend the writ of habeas corpus.
Q:
Analyze the costs and consequences of the Civil War for the United States.
Q:
Why did the North win the Civil War?
Q:
Analyze the changes wrought by the Civil War on northern and southern societies and economies.
Q:
How did southern and northern military strategies change from 1863 to 1865? With what results?
Q:
The Emancipation Proclamation was one of the greatest political documents in American history. Defend or refute that statement.
Q:
What common problems did the North and South face in an extended war, and how did their solutions differ?
Q:
Analyze the results of the Civil War's military developments during 1861-1862.
Q:
Contrast the backgrounds, leadership styles, and effectiveness of Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis.
Q:
Discuss the balance of resources between the North and South at the beginning of the Civil War and its implications for initial military strategy.
Q:
At the end of the war, roughly 30 million African American slaves were free.
Q:
Historians estimate that southern wealth declined by roughly 43 percent during the war years.
Q:
The death rate during the Civil War was five times greater than World War II.
Q:
When the war ended, approximately 3 million American men had served in the military on both sides.
Q:
By December of 1864, the Confederate desertion rate topped 50 percent.
Q:
Slaveholders eagerly allowed the impressment of their slaves for war work.
Q:
In the election of 1864, President Lincoln surprised himself, his party, and the nation by taking 55 percent of the popular vote.
Q:
The Republican Party completely united behind its war-weary president in the election of 1864.
Q:
Most of the changes experienced by women in war work remained in place after the conflict ended.
Q:
Confederate women played a vital role in caring for the sick and wounded during the war.
Q:
The war made it impossible for many northern and southern women to conform to traditional gender roles.
Q:
Favorable statistics of population and industrial development invariably decide the outcome of a war.
Q:
When the war was over, what had the South lost besides political independence?
A) Large and great cities lay in ruins.
B) Tools were worn out.
C) Agricultural fields lay barren.
D) All of the above.
Q:
Which of the following does NOT describe the prison camp experience of American men during the Civil War?
A) Southern prison commanders received northern praise after the conflict ended.
B) The camps were very overcrowded.
C) The camps became very unsanitary.
D) Massive loss of life took place in the camps.
Q:
Which of the following qualities was NOT a part of Lincoln's success as president?
A) his humanity
B) his awareness of the terrible cost of war
C) his penchant for political graft and corruption
D) his determination to save the Union
Q:
Which of the following war measures did southern civilians call into question during the conflict?
A) conscription
B) impressment
C) taxation
D) All of the above.
Q:
What major problems did the South experience in fighting and winning the war?
A) Southern black troops staged countless mutinies.
B) African American slaves burned several southern cities.
C) It lacked enough food, effective transportation, and military hardware.
D) There was incessant meddling in its affairs by France and England.
Q:
Why did the North win the Civil War?
A) It had fewer troops to feed.
B) It had superior manpower, equipment, and economy.
C) It relied on Native American troops.
D) It received monetary assistance from France and England.
Q:
On April 9, 1865, General Grant accepted the Confederate surrender at
A) Appomattox, Virginia.
B) Raleigh, North Carolina.
C) Atlanta, Georgia.
D) Charleston, South Carolina.
Q:
What roles did women achieve during the war that stood outside of traditional domestic life?
A) administration for soldier aid societies
B) making packages for soldiers at the front
C) making bandages
D) All of the above.
Q:
What criticisms of Lincoln did the Democratic party espouse in the election of 1864?
A) Executive power had arbitrarily expanded.
B) The war had lasted too long.
C) The war had led to irresponsible banking measures.
D) All of the above.
Q:
Which of the following were famous Civil War healthcare professionals who revolutionized hospital care for the wounded?
A) Dorothea Dix
B) Clara Barton
C) Emily Blackwell
D) All of the above.
Q:
The Civil War transformed race relations in the South as
A) blacks proved increasingly unwilling to play a subservient role.
B) whites gained greater appreciation of blacks with increased dependence upon them.
C) white violence toward blacks intensified with growing frustration over a losing war effort.
D) slaves drew closer to their masters in fear of the unknown.
Q:
The Civil War transformed American society as
A) wartime jobs and wages provided substantial increases in real income.
B) women were forced to leave the workforce to care for homes and families.
C) economic dislocations reduced the standard of living for most civilians.
D) Americans became more parochial in their interests and concerns.
Q:
During the war years, southern
A) industrialists failed to produce military supplies.
B) yeoman farmers suffered an economic decline.
C) planters increasingly relied on cash-crop agriculture.
D) politicians remained devoted to the concept of states' rights.
Q:
As commander of the Union armies, General Ulysses S. Grant recommended a
A) policy of evasion and retreat, designed to lessen casualties and wear down the enemy.
B) campaign of annihilation, using the North's superior might to destroy southern armies.
C) tactic of hit-and-run maneuvers, offsetting the defensive advantages of southern armies.
D) strategy of naval and land blockades, causing economic deprivation and discontent.
Q:
At the Battle of Gettysburg, General Robert E. Lee
A) captured control of northern territory between Philadelphia and Washington.
B) suffered losses so heavy that he could never mount another southern offensive.
C) surrendered his army and supplies to General George Meade.
D) ordered Pickett's Charge as a daring escape to save his men.
Q:
During the Civil War, the northern army
A) treated black soldiers poorly.
B) paid blacks better than whites.
C) refused to recruit blacks.
D) considered blacks to be superior soldiers.