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History & Theory
Q:
Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of Andrew Jackson as president.
Q:
Discuss the change in American political culture from the 1820s to the 1840s. Contrast the election of 1828 with the election of 1840.
Q:
Imagine yourself a middle-class resident of Rochester, New York. What might you have witnessed and felt?
Q:
In 1850 at its annual meeting, the American Antislavery party split into opposing factions.
Q:
In 1829 a northern free black man named Nat Turner published a pamphlet that called for slave rebellion.
Q:
In 1837, Theodore Weld published American Slavery as It Is, a major criticism of the institution.
Q:
The American Colonization Society was founded in 1856 but settled no blacks in Africa.
Q:
Between 1834 and 1836, American workers struck some 168 times.
Q:
Between 1828 and 1832, dozens of workingmen's parties arose in the United States.
Q:
Many prison inmates went mad or committed suicide stemming from reforms that included tiny cells and solitary confinement in the mid-1800s.
Q:
Democrats tended to be more moralistic than Whigs, viewing politics as an appropriate arena for cleansing society of sin.
Q:
International trade problems probably contributed more to the Panic of 1837 and the subsequent depression than Jackson's policies.
Q:
The cost of moving the Cherokee Indians, which totaled $6 million, was deducted from the $9 million awarded the tribe for their eastern lands, and of the 15,000 who set out, perhaps a quarter died.
Q:
Upon passage of a compromise tariff in 1833, South Carolina agreed that states do not have the powers of nullification or secession.
Q:
Throughout the 1830s and 1840s, politics was primarily the business of the social and economic elite.
Q:
Religious enthusiasm and commitment were the means by which some Americans of the 1830s found certainty and reassurance in a fast-changing world.
Q:
All of the following describe the life and work of Abbey Kelly EXCEPT:
A) She was a Quaker teacher in Massachusetts.
B) She came to reform through religious conviction.
C) She became an antislavery advocate, or abolitionist.
D) she led slave rebellion in the South.
Q:
Which of the following women was a free African American who lectured and wrote about slavery?
A) Sojourner Truth
B) Elizabeth Cady Stanton
C) Sarah Grimke
D) Angelina Grimke
Q:
Which of the following individuals was not an abolitionist?
A) Frederick Douglass
B) Wendell Phillips
C) John C. Calhoun
D) Henry Garnet
Q:
What did trade unions advocate?
A) shorter hours
B) higher wages
C) better working conditions
D) All of the above.
Q:
What did workingmen's parties advocate during the antebellum era?
A) free schools
B) tax-supported education
C) free public lands in the West
D) all of the above.
Q:
All of the following describe the essence of prison reform in the antebellum era EXCEPT
A) tiny cells.
B) small workrooms.
C) isolation cells.
D) work release to go home each night.
Q:
Which of the following groups of social outcasts did colonial families and communities take care of?
A) orphans
B) the insane
C) paupers
D) All of the above.
Q:
What institutions did some Americans attempt to reform?
A) schools
B) asylums
C) prisons
D) All of the above.
Q:
All of the following are true statements regarding Sylvester Graham EXCEPT:
A) He invented the graham cracker.
B) He gave lectures on chastity
C) He was a Catholic preacher.
D) He recommended cold baths and exercise for those troubled with sexual desire.
Q:
Some of the many health reform techniques of the era included
A) hydropathy.
B) hypnotism.
C) phrenology.
D) All of the above.
Q:
Antebellum Americans joined the temperance crusade, as they did other reform societies, largely to
A) avoid public suspicion of their own beliefs and behavior.
B) circumvent intrusions of the government.
C) seek relief from loneliness and uncertainty.
D) escape the pressures of middle-class values.
Q:
During the 1840s, temperance advocates
A) argued that alcoholism reflected moral failure.
B) lobbied for passage of local option laws.
C) copied successful revival techniques.
D) rioted in the streets.
Q:
The Mormons faced public hostility because of
A)rumors of unorthodox sexual practices.
B) prejudice against immigrants.
C) their passive religious activities.
D)All of the above. .
Q:
Utopian leader William Miller lost credibility by his
A) indiscriminate admission of new members to his sect.
B) extramarital affairs.
C) frequent absences and financial mismanagement of his settlement.
D) failure to predict accurately the Second Coming of Christ.
Q:
Whether secular or religious, the utopian communities of the antebellum era failed for all of the following reasons EXCEPT the
A) stress on the individualistic impulses of human nature.
B) recurring problems of unstable leadership.
C) financial bickering.
D) waning of enthusiasm after initial settlement.
Q:
For members of his "perfectionist" community at Oneida, John Humphrey Noyes advocated
A) Christian commitment.
B) communal child rearing.
C) agricultural enterprise.
D) absolute chastity.
Q:
All of the following factors contributed to a reform impulse in the United States during the 1830s EXCEPT the
A) activist tendencies in Whig political ideology.
B) Puritan idea of American mission.
C) anxiety over profound economic and social changes.
D) belief in human depravity.
Q:
In the election of 1840, the Whigs
A) set a standard for restrained issue-oriented campaigning.
B) failed to attract much voter interest.
C) featured new flamboyant electioneering styles and techniques.
D) focused attention on serious issues facing the nation.
Q:
According to the Democrats of the 1830s, the government should
A) actively promote policies of economic development.
B) allow Americans freedom to follow their individual interests.
C) change moral behavior and eradicate sin.
D) support a system of general public education.
Q:
During the depression of the late 1830s, the
A) prices of flour, pork, and coal were cut in half.
B) slave population of the northern states revolted.
C) trade union movement steadily grew stronger.
D) wages of workers fell by 30 to 50 percent within two years.
Q:
As a result of Jackson's Specie Circular of 1836,
A) Martin Van Buren was elected president of the United States.
B) investors panicked in a rush to convert assets into cash.
C) the bank immediately closed.
D) a wave of reckless investments created an inflationary spiral.
E) the government accepted bank notes in payment for public lands.
Q:
Andrew Jackson argued that the national bank
A) represented an example of special privilege that hurt the common man.
B) restrained state banks from making unwise loans.
C) should be managed by Europe.
D) played a responsible role in promoting economic expansion.
Q:
Which of the following groups would have been MOST likely to favor recharter of the Second Bank of the United States?
A) Native Americans
B) state bankers needing credit
C) southern and western farmers
D) New York state bankers
Q:
During the 1830s, the Cherokee Indians
A) suffered hardships and death in a forced removal to Oklahoma.
B) defied a Supreme Court ruling in their attempt to avoid deportation.
C) laid siege to the federal capital.
D) lost tribal lands as a result of their defeat at Horseshoe Bend.
Q:
In his Exposition and Protest, John Calhoun argued that a state has the power to
A) impeach the president.
B) raise a volunteer army.
C) set its own tariff rates.
D) nullify an unconstitutional federal law.
E) leave the Union.
Q:
Southerners opposed high protective tariff rates because they feared resultant
A) development of southern industry.
B) opening of new western lands.
C) increased prices for manufactured goods.
D) Native American attack.
Q:
As president, Andrew Jackson
A) asserted his power most dramatically through use of the veto.
B) favored significant increases in the levels of protective tariffs.
C) engaged in wholesale replacement of officeholders with his own supporters.
D) supported national funding for all internal improvement projects.
Q:
One of Andrew Jackson's key principles included the
A) defense of the interests of the monied aristocracy.
B) expanded powers of the national government.
C) importance of majority rule.
D) equality of whites and blacks.
Q:
The campaign between Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams in 1828
A) failed to attract significant public interest.
B) degenerated into a nasty but entertaining contest.
C) exposed Jackson's lack of an effective political organization.
D) presented thoughtful discussion of controversial issues.
Q:
Andrew Jackson's early national reputation stemmed mainly from his
A) political support for John Quincy Adams.
B) military exploits against Native Americans and the British.
C) crusades on behalf of Native Americans.
D) diplomacy with the Spanish over problems in Florida.
Q:
Political parties of the early nineteenth century
A) attempted to rise above popular emotions and ethnic prejudices.
B) depended upon the deference of ordinary voters to their "betters."
C) stemmed from elite coalitions tied by family and friendship.
D) aimed at widespread voter organization and participation.
Q:
Elected president in 1828, Andrew Jackson
A) won a resounding majority of popular ballots.
B) condoned the increasing attacks on slavery.
C) favored a significant redistribution of wealth.
D) purged from government all political appointees.
Q:
Essayist Ralph Waldo Emerson urged Americans to
A) conform to the dictates of social judgment.
B) look inward for knowledge and self-reliance.
C) avoid useless crusades for social reform.
D) civilize and tame the wildness of nature.
Q:
Which one of the following was NOT one of Finney's beliefs?
A) eradication of sin from the world
B) conversion as end of religious experience
C) individual reformation
D) reformation of society
Q:
Preachers of the Second Great Awakening such as Charles Finney emphasized
A) atonement.
B) emotion.
C) doctrine.
D) original sin.
Q:
Revivalism shifted to
A) the Deep South.
B) New York and the Old Northwest.
C) rural areas.
D) New England and frontier areas.
Q:
For South Carolinian Robert Francis Allston, a "plain, honest, common-sense reading of the Constitution" meant the
A) legitimacy of abolitionism.
B) constitutionality of slavery.
C) support of the United States Bank.
D) disapproval of nullification.
Q:
The yeoman farmers of the South
A) lived in the Appalachian Mountains.
B) were fiercely proud of their independence.
C) owned very few slaves.
D) formed a small portion of the population.
Q:
Most whites in the antebellum South
A) regarded slaveholding as a path to upward economic mobility.
B) avoided the social stigma of slaveholding.
C) held fewer than 10 slaves by 1860.
D) resented the political influence of white slaveholders.
Q:
The typical slaveholder owned
A) fewer than 10 slaves.
B) more than 20 slaves.
C) between 10 and 15 slaves.
D) only one or two slaves.
Q:
Slavery inhibited the economic growth of the South because of the slaveholders'
A) low profit yields.
B) high maintenance costs.
C) undiversified capital investments.
D) unstable cotton prices.
Q:
White artisans in the South viewed black workers as
A) fellow workers.
B) no real competition.
C) threats to their livelihoods.
D) valuable assets.
Q:
The Tredegar Iron Company of Richmond decided in 1847 to shift from white to slave labor to
A) destroy the potential power of organized white workers to strike.
B) reduce the costs of labor and capital investments.
C) offer slaves useful skills for their later lives as free blacks.
D) expand the pool of slave laborers for industrial enterprises.
Q:
The majority of slaves were engaged in
A) agricultural labor.
B) industrial tasks.
C) mining operations.
D) domestic service.
Q:
Laws to control the domestic slave trade were
A) enacted by Congress in 1808.
B) poorly enforced.
C) passed to protect slave families.
D) regulated by the British navy.
Q:
Southerners migrated southwestward in huge numbers between 1830 and 1860, seeking new lands for the
A) diversification of agriculture.
B) cultivation of tobacco.
C) production of cotton.
D) development of industry.
Q:
In which of the following industries did slaves work in Central and South America?
A) cacao
B) coca
C) cotton
D) All of the above.
Q:
All of the following describe the historical development of sugar within the Latin American system of slavery EXCEPT:
A) Its output doubled at the beginning of the 1800s.
B) Slaves were indispensable to the growth of sugar in the Caribbean and Brazil.
C) Sugar was to Latin America what cotton was to the American South.
D) European demand for sugar declined over time before 1860.
Q:
Which of the following nations practiced slavery in Latin America and the West Indies?
A) England
B) Spain
C) France
D) All of the above.
Q:
Compared to the United States, slavery in Latin America
A) encouraged slave marriages and families more.
B) was more benign.
C) was just as harsh.
D) ended much earlier.
Q:
Between 1815 and 1860, southern production of cotton
A) represented more than half of all American exports.
B) harmed the interests of northern merchants and western farmers.
C) contributed to a steady decline in the region's per capita income.
D) surpassed the corn crop in terms of total acreage.
Q:
The most recent historical interpretations of slavery have viewed the institution
A) through life in the slave quarters.
B) through the interactions of masters and slaves.
C) as relatively humane and paternalistic.
D) as uniformly cruel and oppressive.
Q:
The lesson Frederick Douglass learned to survive slavery was to
A) endure all suffering in silent dignity.
B) understand and outwit his oppressors.
C) obey every command of his master or mistress.
D) act defiantly at every opportunity.
Q:
The ________ of American slaves was 21.4 years in 1850.
Q:
The last Latin American countries to abolish slavery were Cuba and ________.
Q:
The island of ________, by 1840, was the world's largest producer of sugarcane.
Q:
Black women from the Catholic order of the Sisters of the ________ started schools and ministered to the old and infirm among the free black community.
Q:
The ________ church grew enormously in the two decades before the Civil War.
Q:
Paralleling the growth of the southern economy and its dependence on the slave labor system, the number of slaves in the United States rapidly increased from 1.5 million in 1820 to ________ million in 1860.
Q:
The largest slave population in the worldone million in 1800was in ________.
Q:
The Lower South, or ________, stretched from South Carolina to Texas.
Q:
Perhaps no issue in American history has generated quite as much controversy or as many interpretations as ________, the "peculiar institution."
Q:
Not all southern blacks were slaves, but even for free blacks, freedom seldom meant equality. How and why were free blacks denied equality in the South from 1820 to 1860?
Q:
Analyze the various forms and results of black protest against slavery.