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Q:
However burdensome their lives from sunup to sundown, after work slaves established a sense of self-worth and community. Discuss the factors that made this possible.
Q:
You are a slave field hand in Louisiana during the 1840s. Your wife and daughter are house servants on the same large plantation. Describe your family's health, security, and typical workday.
Q:
Increasingly attacked as immoral, southerners felt compelled to justify the institution of slavery. How and why did their defense of slavery change during the antebellum era?
Q:
Since the vast majority of southern whites owned few or no slaves, why did they support the "peculiar institution"?
Q:
Was slavery a "profitable" institution for the South? Explain why or why not.
Q:
Discuss the causes and results of economic expansion in the South from 1820 to 1860.
Q:
Black slave women were not expected to work in the fields and complete as much labor as enslaved men.
Q:
Slaves lived in poor material conditions, were whipped frequently, and suffered constant health problems.
Q:
Slave cabins were crowded, usually housing more than one family.
Q:
Brazil's slave population reached over 15 million by 1860.
Q:
As sugar production increased in Latin America, the average working life for slaves in the fields dropped from 15 to 7 years.
Q:
Most free blacks lived in the Upper South.
Q:
Between 1820 and 1860, the number of free blacks doubled in the United States.
Q:
By the 1830s, southerners became increasingly defensive concerning the institution of slavery, no longer claiming it as a "necessary evil," but defending it as a "positive good."
Q:
Poor whites stayed poor because they developed a culture that opposed the middle-class work ethic.
Q:
After the congressional ban on the importation of slaves, the slave population in the United States steadily declined from 1808 to 1860.
Q:
If the South had become an independent nation in 1860, it would have ranked as one of the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of per capita income.
Q:
Large-plantation agriculture was a dominant force in the antebellum South, but most southern whites were not even slaveholders, much less large planters.
Q:
Which of the following groups of blacks did NOT compose the Catholic population of Baltimore and New Orleans?
A) former slaves
B) abolitionists from Boston
C) Haitian refugees
D) new converts
Q:
All of the following statements characterize the life of Rev. J.C. Pennington EXCEPT:
A) He led slave revolts.
B) He attended lectures at Yale Divinity School.
C) He was licensed to preach in 1838.
D) he headed prominent black churches and started schools.
Q:
How did the church impact the free black community?
A) It provided spiritual solace.
B) It set community standards.
C) It offered recreational opportunities.
D) All of the above.
Q:
All of the following describe the historical development of the free black church EXCEPT the
A) number of free black churches increased over time.
B) number of religious denominations increased over time.
C) church was the key institution that helped free blacks adjust to racism.
D) free black church did not reach out to slaves.
Q:
In what geographical areas did urban whites attempt to restrict free black mobility?
A) grogshops
B) gambling halls
C) brothels
D) All of the above.
Q:
Which of the following southern cities had large free black communities?
A) Baltimore
B) Charleston
C) New Orleans
D) All of the above.
Q:
All of the following describe the lives of free southern blacks EXCEPT:
A) One-third of the population lived in cities or towns.
B) Whites feared them due to slave revolts.
C) Many lived in rural areas.
D) They owned substantial amounts of property.
Q:
Free African Americans were likely to
A) have fewer skills than slaves.
B) be younger and more aggressive.
C) live near dense plantation centers.
D) reside in cities and towns.
Q:
The free black population of the United States increased from 1820 to 1860 because of all of the following reasons EXCEPT the
A) successful escapes of slaves from the South.
B) continuing immigration of blacks from Africa.
C) natural increase of the free black population.
D) results of personal purchases and manumissions.
Q:
The slave conspiracies of Gabriel in 1800 and Vesey in 1822 were both thwarted by
A) random killing of innocent blacks.
B) mass executions of the leaders.
C) internal betrayal by fellow slaves.
D) white discovery of the plots.
Q:
Slave spirituals reiterated one basic Christian theme:
A) servants, obey your masters.
B) if someone slaps you, turn the other cheek.
C) a chosen people were held captive but would be delivered.
D) do unto others as you would have them do unto you.
Q:
Many slaveholders urged their slaves to attend church because it
A) improved the intelligence and morals of the slaves.
B) offered the slaveholder a form of social control.
C) enhanced the slaveholder's reputation and social standing.
D) allowed slaves an opportunity for singing and dancing.
Q:
Following the convergence of Nat Turner's revolt and William Lloyd Garrison's publication of the abolitionist Liberator in 1831,
A) laws protecting slaves from overly severe treatment were repealed.
B) the material conditions for slaves worsened.
C) state laws prohibiting manumission were passed in the South.
D) the slaves' expectations of freedom were heightened.
Q:
House slaves, in contrast to field slaves, had
A) less food to eat.
B) a specific task to complete daily.
C) more difficult assignments.
D) less privacy.
Q:
Wealthy southern planters justified slavery in terms of white superiority because such a defense
A) reflected their blind racism.
B) coincided with the main ideological directions of the time.
C) deflected potential class antagonisms among whites.
D) emphasized the profitability of the institution.
Q:
Sociologist George Fitzhugh argued that southern black slaves
A) received better treatment than northern factory workers.
B) should be gradually amalgamated with the white race.
C) did not need the paternal guidance of white masters.
D) deserved gradual emancipation and limited economic opportunities.
Q:
Prior to 1830, southerners generally defended slavery as a(n)
A) historical inevitability.
B) positive good.
C) necessary evil.
D) biblical injunction.
Q:
For southern white women, Mary Boykin Chestnut regarded "the sorest spot" of slavery as the
A) excessive cruelty of the overseers.
B) social isolation and loneliness.
C) obligation to feed, clothe, and nurse additional children.
D) double standard of plantation sexuality.
Q:
Robert Francis Allston's chief concern as a slaveholder was to guard against his slaves'
A) disobedience.
B) escape.
C) sickness and death.
D) education.
Q:
In 1860, ________ percent of the American people lived in cities.
Q:
In 1837, Illinois blacksmith ________ developed a new steel plow that rapidly became popular.
Q:
By 1830, ________, Indiana, and southern Illinois were heavily settled.
Q:
By 1860, almost ________ of the American people lived west of the Appalachian Mountains.
Q:
Farmers in the ________ valley were leaders in adopting scientific farming techniques in the early 1800s.
Q:
Among antebellum American inventions were the McCormick ________, the Colt ________, and Goodyear vulcanized ________ products.
Q:
InDartmouth College v.Woodward, the Supreme Court held that a(n) ________ granted by a state could not be modified unless both parties agreed.
Q:
The last link in the chain of waterways binding New York City to the Great Lakes and the Northwest was the ________, stretching 363 miles between Albany and Buffalo.
Q:
Discuss the economic changes that transformed the rural communities of the East and the frontier of the Old Northwest and increasingly knit the two regions together in the two decades preceding the Civil War.
Q:
Discuss the extent of opportunities available for northern free blacks in antebellum America.
Q:
You are a newspaper reporter assigned to cover the riots of August 1834 in Philadelphia. Write an article explaining the causes and events of the riots as well as offering suggestions as to how such future trouble might be avoided.
Q:
Analyze the antebellum concept of domesticity. Did this outlook advance or restrict women's rights and "liberation"?
Q:
Analyze the reasons for the limited success achieved by organized labor in antebellum America.
Q:
It is 1834 and, as a single woman of 18, you have decided to work for one year in the textile mills at Lowell, Massachusetts. Write a letter home to your parents, explaining your decision, your working and living conditions, and your plans for the future.
Q:
Analyze the "costs" of industrialization for the United States from 1820 to 1860.
Q:
Discuss efforts to improve and expand public education in antebellum America. Were schools supported as an agent for or as a defense against change?
Q:
Why did the number of European immigrants increase during the 1840s and 1850s? Analyze the impact of these immigrants upon the American economy and society.
Q:
Identify and discuss the components that contributed to American economic growth from 1820 to 1860.
Q:
Northern farmers started using manure as fertilizer after 1800.
Q:
Agriculture and farming represented a small part of the exports and livelihoods of early American people.
Q:
In five northern states, free blacks could not testify against whites nor sit on juries.
Q:
Most black women in urban America held jobs before and after marriage in the mid-1800s.
Q:
Mob actions sometimes lasted for days because there was no effective police to stop them.
Q:
Unprecedented urban violence raged in American cities prior to the Civil War, fed by racial and immigrant tensions.
Q:
By the 1830s, all American states had adopted a plan of state-funded public education for children between 5 and 19 years of age.
Q:
Most European visitors to the United States in the 1830s considered Americans to be dull-witted and listless.
Q:
Improved transportation in the 1840s and 1850s undermined the trend toward regional specialization.
Q:
Between 1820 and 1860, the per capita income of Americans steadily declined.
Q:
Which of the following nations remained a model of industrial growth for the United States during the 1800s?
A) Spain
B) Portugal
C) Great Britain
D) China
Q:
Which of the following values did self-help books emphasize in the early 1800s?
A) diligence
B) punctuality
C) deference
D) All of the above.
Q:
Which of the following Founding Fathers was popularized in the 1830s as a model for hard work and education?
A) Alexander Hamilton
B) Thomas Jefferson
C) Benjamin Franklin
D) John Hancock
Q:
In 1805, in the case of Palmer v.Mulligan, the Court determined that
A) private property could be developed for business purposes.
B) Native Americans were domestic dependent nations.
C) the Supreme Court had final rule over state courts.
D) immigrants could not come to the United States in large numbers.
Q:
Between 1790 and 1861, how much money did Europeans invest in the United States?
A) $10 million
B) $100 million
C) $500 million
D) $750 million
Q:
Which of the following were new inventions of the early transportation and industrialization era?
A) electric light bulb
B) steam ship
C) nuclear power
D) airplane
Q:
By 1830, which of the following regions was still considered to be "frontier"?
A) Michigan
B) Wisconsin
C) Iowa
D) All of the above.
Q:
All of the following are true regarding the political rights of free blacks in the United States in the 1800s EXCEPT
A) black women could vote.
B) the Northwest Territory banned slavery.
C) in the 1830s, voting rights for black men were slowly eroded.
D) in most states, segregation in public facilities prevailed.
Q:
All of the following are true about free black women EXCEPT
A) most worked as domestics.
B) many headed their own households.
C) many owned a large amount of property.
D) some took in boarders.
Q:
How did the character of the free black community shape the Philadelphia riot?
A) The black community was large and visible, angering whites.
B) It had its own institutions and elite, which challenged white supremacy.
C) It had its own wealth, which frustrated jobless whites.
D) All of the above.
Q:
The concept of domesticity
A) confined women to home and family activities.
B) implied the moral superiority of women.
C) elevated women's economic and political status.
D) helped working-class women make psychological sense of their lives.
Q:
The role of the ideal woman in antebellum America was to
A) perform complementary tasks in the family's struggle to get ahead.
B) pursue a rewarding and professional career.
C) create a clean and wholesome home for family life.
D) produce vital goods or earn money necessary for the family's subsistence.
Q:
Of the following economic indicators describing conditions in Philadelphia, which one DECREASED from 1820 to 1860?
A) downward occupational mobility
B) proportion of craftsmen in the laboring class
C) residential mobility
D) percentage of unskilled wage earners in or near poverty
Q:
A dramatic rise in the concentration of wealth in the United States from 1820 to 1860
A) eased social tensions.
B) hardened class lines.
C) resulted in mass suffering.
D) calmed labor protests.
Q:
Urban growth in many antebellum cities
A) outpaced the government's provision of public services.
B) led to healthier and more comfortable living conditions.
C) followed an attractive and orderly plan.
D) made it the nation's largest city by 1860.