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Q:
France, Austria, and ________ fought against Great Britain and Prussia during the French and Indian War.
Q:
At Fort Duquesne, the French rebuffed the attempts of young Virginia militia colonel ________ to establish an English fort at the forks of the Ohio River.
Q:
To discuss creation of a colonial union and possible alliance with the Iroquois Indians, colonial representatives met in 1754 at ________.
Q:
England declared war on Spain in 1739, presumably because the Spanish severed the ear of English sea captain ________.
Q:
In 1696, Parliament tightened imperial administration in America with the creation of additional ________ courts, which functioned without juries, to prosecute smugglers who evaded trade restrictions.
Q:
How did growing revolutionary sentiment from 1764 to 1776 impact urban artisans, women, and backcountry farmers in America?
Q:
You are a member of Britain's Parliament voting in favor of the Coercive Acts in 1774. Write a letter to your American cousin in Massachusetts, briefly reviewing the events of the past 10 years from the British perspective.
Q:
The Tea Act was passed in 1773 by Parliament to save the British East India Company from bankruptcy. How and why did it precipitate the final plunge into revolution for the American colonies?
Q:
Discuss the proposed program of George Grenville in 1764-1765 to raise revenue to reduce England's debts. How and why did the Stamp Act politicize American colonists as never before?
Q:
Discuss the causes and important developments of the Seven Years' War in North America. Analyze the consequences of the war for the various "winners" and "losers."
Q:
How did Britain attempt to restructure its colonial empire from 1688 to 1763? Were the years of the early eighteenth century a period of "salutary neglect"?
Q:
Colonial women played a vital role in the movement toward revolution.
Q:
The Philadelphia militia failed to support the radical leaders of the Revolution in the city.
Q:
Cities contained only 5 percent of the colonial population.
Q:
The colonial clergy failed to support the cause of independence during the buildup to revolution.
Q:
By the time the Second Continental Congress met, the fabric of government was badly torn in most colonies.
Q:
To avoid potential violence, Governor Hutchinson of Massachusetts tried to convince the East India Company to return its shiploads of tea to England rather than attempt unloading in Boston.
Q:
The Declaratory Act, passed in response to the colonial turmoil over the Stamp Act, failed to resolve the issue of Parliament's right to tax the colonies.
Q:
George Grenville's program to raise revenue proposed that all imperial debts be paid by the American colonists.
Q:
The Seven Years' War proved to be one of the most significant wars fought in the New World.
Q:
The era from 1689 to 1763 was one of chronic warfare in both Europe and North America.
Q:
Why did the Cherokee sue for peace with the British in 1761?
A) They ran out of ammunition.
B) They were low on food.
C) They suffered a smallpox epidemic.
D) All of the above.
Q:
By 1760 the American colonies had a population of
A) 3 million.
B) 2 million.
C) 1.75 million.
D) 1 million.
Q:
Parliament, beginning in 1699, attempted to increase revenue by requiring which of the following colonial goods to be shipped to England before export abroad?
A) woolen cloth
B) beaver hats
C) finished iron products
D) molasses
Q:
Queen Anne's War ended with the
A) Treaty of Paris.
B) Treaty of Boston.
C) Peace of Utrecht.
D) Peace of Westphalia.
Q:
How many wars for empire in the eighteenth century had England fought by 1763?
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
Q:
Who were the major social groups during the Revolution other than elites?
A) the urban working class
B) the rural farming class
C) women and evangelicals
D) All of the above.
Q:
Who replaced Thomas Hutchinson as governor of Massachusetts in 1774?
A) General George Washington
B) General Thomas Gage
C) Benjamin Franklin
D) King George III
Q:
Which of the following colonial leaders argued for defiance of Parliament's Coercive Acts in the Continental Congress?
A) Patrick Henry
B) Richard Henry Lee
C) Samuel Adams
D) All of the above.
Q:
Why did violence flare up in the Hudson River Valley during the 1750s and 1760s?
A) Tenants challenged elite landlords over evictions.
B) Native Americans burned settler homes over land issues.
C) African American slaves confiscated white-owned plantations.
D) The Spanish royal government sent troops against British colonial tax evaders.
Q:
Who were the Regulators?
A) frustrated farmers in North Carolina
B) upset urban workers in Boston
C) angry Native Americans in Ohio
D) vengeful planters in South Carolina
Q:
How did farmers respond to the movement toward revolution in the colonies?
A) They became immediate revolutionaries.
B) They came around slowly to the cause of revolution.
C) They supported the British side almost entirely as a group.
D) All of the above.
Q:
During the 1760s and 1770s, urban artisans in America
A) used political discontent to demand internal reforms.
B) opposed revolutionary agitation against England.
C) feared political protests might provoke retaliation by powerful merchants.
D) degenerated into radical and unruly mobs.
Q:
The struggle with England over colonial rights between 1764 and 1776 revealed that
A) newer immigrants held more conservative views.
B) over time people tend to grow tired of politics.
C) colonial society was not unified.
D) colonial merchants sided with their British counterparts.
Q:
Much of the colonial clergy
A) supported the revolutionary movement against English rule.
B) denounced the revolutionary pamphleteers.
C) saw the revolutionary movement as dangerously immoral.
D) urged their congregations to obey British laws.
Q:
In the republican worldview, governmental power
A) promoted public virtue.
B) controlled factionalism.
C) maintained order.
D) threatened liberty.
Q:
Americans viewed English policies after 1763 as
A) threats to their economic interests.
B) evidence of English corruption.
C) a systematic attack on their constitutional liberties.
D) All of the above.
Q:
The ideology of revolutionary republicanism
A) originated in the struggle of American colonists against imperial despotism.
B) borrowed ideas from English political thought and Enlightenment theories.
C) reflected common colonial interests and experiences.
D) provided a coherent doctrine to which all colonists could subscribe.
Q:
Even before the Second Continental Congress assembled in May 1775, most colonies had created extralegal, revolutionary governments that
A) created and armed militia units.
B) operated the courts.
C) levied taxes.
D) All of the above.
Q:
Discussions at the First Continental Congress were LEAST concerned with
A) overcoming sectional hostilities and jealousies.
B) determining a colonial plan of resistance.
C) defining and justifying American grievances against England.
D) preparing financially and militarily for war.
Q:
The call for the meeting of a Continental Congress in 1774 came in response to the
A) Quartering Act.
B) Townshend Acts.
C) Stamp Act.
D) Intolerable Acts.
Q:
The Intolerable Acts provided for all of the following EXCEPT the
A) immunity of British soldiers involved in suppressing civil disturbances from local court trials.
B) individual punishment of participants in the Boston Tea Party.
C) replacement of Hutchinson as governor by the commander-in-chief of British forces in America.
D) closing of Boston's port until Massachusetts paid for tea destroyed in the Boston Tea Party.
Q:
Americans objected to the Tea Act of 1773 because it would
A) raise the price of tea in America.
B) make it difficult for American merchants to compete with British merchants.
C) increase Parliament's taxation of tea.
D) bankrupt the popular East India Company.
Q:
The Boston Massacre, in which five townspeople were killed by British redcoats,
A) resulted in a speedy conviction and execution of the soldiers.
B) demonstrated the calculated desire of the British to crush colonial rebellion.
C) convinced Governor Hutchinson to order British troops out of town.
D) galvanized the colonies into further resistance to English policies.
Q:
By early 1770, Parliament decided to repeal the Townshend duties except for one on tea because the
A) employment of troops had restored colonial order and respect for the mother country.
B) Americans had promised to drop objections to parliamentary regulations of trade.
C) colonial boycott of British goods had severely hurt British merchants.
D) colonial ports had erupted in violent demonstrations.
E) Native American population threatened retaliation.
Q:
As a result of the Townshend Acts of 1767, Parliament
A) sent a circular letter to each colony explaining England's need for revenue.
B) raised customs duties on American imports of paper, lead, paint, and tea.
C) required colonial assemblies to pay the salaries of royal officials from local property taxes.
D) permanently suspended New York's rebellious assembly for noncompliance with British regulations.
Q:
Passage of the Declaratory Act by Parliament
A) asserted Parliament's power to enact laws for the colonies in "all cases whatsoever."
B) politicized the American resistance movement.
C) demonstrated British desire to reach a compromise solution with the colonies on matters of taxation.
D) resolved the problems that had created the Stamp Act crisis.
Q:
The power of the colonial press was tested in 1733 by the _________ case.
Q:
By 1763 there were 23 ________ circulating in the colonies.
Q:
In the early eighteenth century, ________ government came to New Jersey, North Carolina, and South Carolina.
Q:
Popular ________ in British North America seldom faced effective police power.
Q:
The colonial assemblies were modeled after the House of ________ in England.
Q:
Between 1746 and 1769, six new ________ were created in British North America.
Q:
In Massachusetts and ________, the Great Awakening split congregations into Old Lights and New Lights.
Q:
During the latter part of the seventeenth century, King Louis XIV attempted to make ________ the most powerful nation in Europe and to expand its empire in the New World.
Q:
Eliza Lucas Pinckney, a wealthy South Carolina planter's wife, experimented successfully in the 1740s with the cultivation of ________, a plant from which a blue dye could be extracted for use in textiles.
Q:
Benjamin Franklin's popular work, ________, next to the Bible, was the most widely read book in the colonies, containing quips, adages, and homespun philosophy.
Q:
A system of small forts, trading posts, and agricultural villages throughout the central area of North America was established in the early eighteenth century by the ________.
Q:
The largest number of eighteenth-century European immigrants to colonial America were the Protestant ________.
Q:
The author maintains that for urban artisans in eighteenth-century America, fortuitous circumstances rather than hard work or frugal living were often the critical factors in achieving success. Would the same argument be more or less true for urban workers today?
Q:
What changes transformed life in the southern colonies from 1680 to 1750? What similarities or differences existed between the tobacco coast, the rice coast, and the backcountry?
Q:
Compare the roles and rights of women in seventeenth-century Europe with those of their counterparts on the American colonial frontier. Explain how conditions improved or worsened for American women during the eighteenth century.
Q:
Compare the development of agriculture in the New England, mid-Atlantic, and southern colonies. How did different types of farming contribute to the formation of different types of societies in the three regions?
Q:
Analyze the ways in which contact with the French, Spanish, and English transformed life for Native Americans during the first half of the eighteenth century.
Q:
Discuss the factors that contributed to a population explosion in North America from 1680 to 1750. How and why did immigrants of the eighteenth century differ from those of the previous century? Did America prove to be their land of opportunity?
Q:
By 1744 the Great Awakening was increasing in fervor in New England.
Q:
In the 1750s, the concept that slavery violated the Enlightenment's emphasis on human equality began to grow.
Q:
John Locke, an Enlightenment thinker, wrote Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689).
Q:
During the Age of Reason, European thinkers discarded Calvinism.
Q:
Food shortages were frequent occurrences in British North America.
Q:
As cities grew, new values took hold in British North America.
Q:
A growing transatlantic trade undermined the entrepreneurial ethos in America and increased concern for the public welfare.
Q:
The switch from subsistence to commercial hunting drew Native Americans into a market economy in which their trading partners gradually became trading masters.
Q:
The spiritual motives of the Spanish missionaries resulted in a greater appreciation and respect for tribal peoples than in other North American colonial empires.
Q:
The population of the colonies had surpassed one million people by 1750, most of whom had spread deep into the interior beyond the Appalachian Mountains.
Q:
Eighteenth-century indentured servants possessed many opportunities for economic advancement.
Q:
A shipboard mortality rate of 15 percent in the colonial era made it the most unhealthiest of all times to seek American shores.
Q:
It was noted as early as the 1750s that the gap in population between England and her colonies was closing rapidly.
Q:
The religious revival known as the Great Awakening
A) helped stem the tide of revolutionary thought and behavior.
B) reaffirmed traditional sources of authority.
C) emphasized individual responsibility for conversion.
D) affected the colonies equally and simultaneously.
Q:
Religious life in the colonies was marked by
A) tightly organized and disciplined congregations.
B) government compulsion to attend services.
C) scarcity of trained ministers.
D) discrimination against Anglicans.