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History & Theory
Q:
All of the following represent theories of Enlightenment thinkers EXCEPT the notion that
A) scientific laws might be applied to human institutions in order to improve society.
B) systematic investigation would unlock the secrets of the physical universe.
C) God predetermined the contents of the human mind.
D) man could use his reason and thus acquire knowledge.
Q:
According to the entrepreneurial ethos, prosperity resulted from
A) regulated prices and wages.
B) individual competition.
C) self-denial.
D) quality controls.
Q:
The social structure of American colonial cities from 1690 to 1770 was influenced by
A) an absence of urban poverty.
B) an increasing gap between the wealthy and the poor.
C) steadily declining property values and taxes.
D) the end of colonial warfare.
Q:
For urban artisans in colonial America,
A) New England paid the highest wages.
B) work patterns proved regular and constant.
C) a major goal was economic independence.
D) urban growth and economic expansion guaranteed success.
Q:
Colonial merchants of the early eighteenth century
A) exported luxury and manufactured goods to Europe, Africa, and the West Indies.
B) engaged in the tasks of shipping and distributional services only.
C) typically imported more goods than Americans desired or could use.
D) integrated American producers and consumers in the Atlantic basin trading system.
Q:
The advent of "modern" life occurred first in the seaboard centers of colonial America, including the transition from a
A) contentious to a deferential politics.
B) factory to a skilled craftsman's production of goods.
C) social order based on achievement to one based on status.
D) barter to a commercial economy.
Q:
As a result of extensive contact with European colonizers during the early eighteenth century, Native American tribes of the interior
A) altered patterns of tribal life and leadership.
B) adopted the white man's culture and religion.
C) benefited from commercial trade and development.
D) abandoned hunting for subsistence agriculture.
Q:
In contrast to conditions in the English colonies, life in New Spain was characterized by greater
A) sharing of profits with natives.
B) social barriers.
C) racial intermixture.
D) political independence.
Q:
France's interior empire in North America
A) had many settlements that were mixed-race communities.
B) stressed farming more than trading, missionary work, or military efforts.
C) created an ineffective shield against British expansion.
D) contained no African slaves.
Q:
The typical master in colonial America wished to convert the slave into a(n)
A) mindless drudge who obeyed every command.
B) loving and faithful member of the plantation family.
C) independent worker who increased profits.
D) educated and skilled producer of goods.
Q:
In the Louisiana economy, slaves worked as
A) rice growers.
B) metal workers.
C) indigo processors.
D) All of the above.
Q:
In 1718 in North America, France settled
A) St. Augustine.
B) New Orleans.
C) Charleston.
D) Canada.
Q:
By 1750, English colonists numbered approximately
A) 500,000.
B) 1.2 million.
C) 3 million.
D) 4 million.
Q:
All of the following were true about slave marriages and family life EXCEPT:
A) Slave marriages were rarely secure.
B) One spouse was often sold, resulting in the breakup of the marriage.
C) Few slaves experienced stable family lives.
D) Slaves easily forgot about loved ones lost to sale.
Q:
In 1739 a major slave rebellion broke out in
A) Stono, South Carolina.
B) Roanoke, Virginia.
C) Richmond, Virginia.
D) Boston, Massachusetts.
Q:
In 1712, a major slave rebellion occurred in
A) Charleston, South Carolina.
B) New York, New York.
C) Boston, Massachusetts.
D) Baltimore, Maryland.
Q:
Many African American slaves in South Carolina spoke
A) French.
B) Dutch.
C) Gullah.
D) Spanish.
Q:
By the 1740s, a growing proportion of Chesapeake slaves
A) were American-born.
B) had established families.
C) created personal lives.
D) All of the above.
Q:
Masters controlled which of the following aspects of slave life?
A) physical location
B) work roles
C) diet
D) All of the above.
Q:
Which of the following factors helped temper rebellion and offer comfort to colonial slaves?
A) religion and family life
B) kind treatment from masters
C) good food and healthy environments
D) interracial liaisons and marriages
Q:
The vast majority of inhabitants along the coast of South Carolina by the 1760s consisted of
A) rice planters.
B) Charleston tourists.
C) black slaves.
D) poor German and Scots-Irish immigrants.
Q:
The Chesapeake colonies of the early eighteenth century witnessed
A) increasing profitability of, and thus reliance upon, tobacco cultivation.
B) the emergence of a planter gentry as political and social leaders.
C) steady replacement of slave laborers by indentured servants.
D) virtual universal ownership of land and slaves.
Q:
Compared to her English counterpart, the eighteenth-century northern colonial woman
A) received fewer chances to marry if divorced or widowed.
B) pursued a daily routine less likely to overlap that of her husband's.
C) enjoyed broader legal and property rights.
D) married at an older age and bore fewer children.
Q:
Most immigrants to colonial America after 1713 were
A) skilled craftsmen and shopkeepers.
B) sons of wealthy gentry.
C) university-trained Puritans.
D) slaves and indentured servants.
Q:
New Englanders opted for more of a mixed economy than settlers in the middle or southern colonies because in New England
A) Native Americans had already cleared and used the land.
B) Puritans forbade the buying of slaves.
C) availability and productivity of land was limited.
D) cultivation of cereal crops was too labor-intensive.
Q:
Which of the following statements concerning immigrants to colonial America during the first half of the eighteenth century is correct?
A) Most German-speaking immigrants settled in Pennsylvania.
B) Newly arrived immigrants usually settled in New England.
C) Slave imports fell.
D) Virginia experienced the greatest influx of new settlers.
Q:
Colonial America in the first half of the eighteenth century experienced
A) a narrowing of class differences.
B) loss of local autonomy.
C) continual declines in church membership.
D) population growth and economic development.
Q:
In the colony of ________, the Glorious Revolution became bloodless but quite disruptive.
Q:
In 1684, King Charles II annulled the ________ colonial charter.
Q:
The ________ of 1688 ended forever the idea that kings ruled by divine right.
Q:
Few Spanish settlers could be persuaded to settle the colony of ________.
Q:
The capture of ________ for slavery became the early economic basis of the Carolina colony.
Q:
The boundaries of the Carolina colony spanned from ________ to central Florida.
Q:
The city of ________ was the center of Dutch trade in North America.
Q:
In North America, the Dutch West India Company's ________ colony was small and profitable.
Q:
Compare Spanish experiences in their frontier outposts of Florida and New Mexico in the late 1600s and early 1700s.
Q:
Explain the pragmatic as well as the psychological reasons that led white American colonists of the seventeenth century to transform the black servant from a human being to a piece of chattel property.
Q:
You are an indentured servant living in the Virginia colony in 1650. Describe your background, current conditions, and future prospects.
Q:
Did tobacco provide a salvation for the Virginia colony or merely set the stage for future problems? Explain.
Q:
Why did the early years of the Jamestown colony prove to be a "starving time"? Could such a result have been avoided?
Q:
Analyze the backgrounds, ideologies, goals, and modes of settlement among European immigrants to North America that produced distinctly different societies along the Atlantic seaboard in the seventeenth century.
Q:
Although Anthony Johnson arrived from Africa in 1621, he found it easier than his grandchildren would to escape slavery. Why?
Q:
New Amsterdam, founded by the Dutch, became New York after English conquest.
Q:
The Iroquois in the 1640s and 1650s engaged in "beaver wars" against the Huron.
Q:
Samuel de Champlain established French settlements in California and the Southwest.
Q:
Slavery did not exist nor take root in New England cities during the 1600s.
Q:
In 1675, the Wampanoag in New England laid waste to Puritan settlements.
Q:
The Pequot War took place in New England in 1667 because the Puritans wanted Indian gold.
Q:
The Puritans believed that God was on their side after local Indians contracted smallpox in 1633.
Q:
In the 1630s, Anne Hutchinson provoked the anger of the Puritan ministry.
Q:
The leader of the Pilgrims was John Smith.
Q:
The Pilgrims arrived at Cape Cod in 1620 aboard the Mayflower.
Q:
Although it served as an ideology of rebellion in England, Puritanism in America became an ideology of control.
Q:
Of the more than 900 settlers who arrived in Jamestown from 1607 to 1609, less than 10 percent survived.
Q:
What were the causes of the Salem witchcraft episode?
A) general differences among the colonists
B) religious differences among the colonists
C) family animosities among the colonists
D) All of the above.
Q:
The Navigation Act of 1660
A) promoted colonial trade by removing English duties on enumerated articles.
B) created stringent enforcement mechanisms by which England regulated colonial trade.
C) allowed expanded exports of colonial tobacco to European markets.
D) listed colonial products that could be shipped only to England or to other English colonies.
Q:
The Pueblos were pushed to the point of revolt when the Spaniards began to
A) assault their religion by seizing their kivas.
B) take more and more of their land.
C) burn down their villages.
D) use them as conscripted labor.
Q:
William Penn believed that the Indians should be
A) compensated for their land.
B) freely engaged in trade.
C) sold into slavery.
D) removed forcibly from his colony.
Q:
Most English Protestants considered Quakers as dangerous fanatics for all of the following reasons EXCEPT refusal to
A) pay taxes in support of the Church of England.
B) defer to superiors in their customs and speech.
C) sign witnesses' oaths on the Bible.
D) admit women, blacks, and Indians to church membership.
Q:
The Society of Friends, or Quakers,
A) enjoyed official approval and widespread popularity in England during the seventeenth century.
B) preached the need for a rigid social hierarchy to preserve order and stability.
C) believed the church and its ministers provided the keys to heavenly salvation.
D) renounced the use of force in human affairs and rejected a hierarchical society.
Q:
By 1720, the population of South Carolina
A) shared common social and religious goals.
B) enjoyed a relatively disease-free environment.
C) consisted mostly of black slaves.
D) engaged in a variety of economic pursuits.
Q:
After experimenting with various crops, the colonists of South Carolina decided to concentrate upon the cultivation of
A) rice.
B) cotton.
C) sugar.
D) indigo.
Q:
The architects of the Carolina colony
A) designed the most democratic of all the colonial governments.
B) intended to create a hereditary aristocracy of wealthy manor lords.
C) commissioned the capture of Indians for sale as slaves in New England and the West Indies.
D) wished to pursue radical social experiments begun during the English civil war.
Q:
The Dutch colony of New Netherland
A) restricted all newcomers to membership in the Dutch Reformed Calvinist Church.
B) had to rely upon English merchants for overseas trade.
C) became the colony of New York following English takeover in 1664.
D) was blocked from inland trade by hostile Iroquois Indians.
Q:
By the early seventeenth century, the French
A) developed a fur trade in Canada.
B) rapidly populated the province of Quebec.
C) befriended the Iroquois in local Indian wars.
D) became preoccupied with internal struggles.
Q:
Slavery never became the foundation of the northern colonial workforce because
A) labor-intensive crops were not grown by the Puritans.
B) New England merchants refused to participate in the international slave trade.
C) colonists there viewed slavery as immoral.
D) it proved impossible to train slaves as domestic servants or artisans.
Q:
Which of the following factors was most instrumental in securing victory for the New England colonists in King Philip's War?
A) political cohesion among the colonies
B) efficient mobilization of colonial manpower and supplies
C) internal problems for the Indians, such as food shortages, disease, and defections
D) conversion of King Philip to Christianity
Q:
The root cause of King Philip's War in New England stemmed from the anger of young Wampanoags at the colonists'
A) refusal to sell them guns and supplies.
B) unwillingness to admit Native Americans to white churches and colleges.
C) attacks on their land base and political sovereignty.
D) alliance with their hated enemies, the Narragansetts.
Q:
Which of the following hallmarks of American society might be traced to the Puritans?
A) celebration of religious and cultural diversity
B) individual freedom of thought and action
C) stress on literacy and education
D) separation of church and state
Q:
New Englanders built more private and comfortable houses at an earlier stage than colonists in the Chesapeake because of the
A) stunted and unstable family life in New England.
B) less worldly and materialistic attitudes of southerners.
C) unhealthy climate and environment in New England.
D) need of southerners to invest available capital in labor.
Q:
Which of the following elements contributed to the cohesion of Puritan village life in New England?
A) substantial investments in bound labor
B) absence of women and children
C) cold and rainy weather
D) predominance of families
Q:
Puritan minister Roger Williams supported
A) mandatory church attendance for all colonists.
B) complete separation of church and state.
C) colonial usurpation of Indian lands.
D) New England's affiliation with the Church of England.
Q:
In contrast to Virginia, the colony of Massachusetts Bay thrived almost from the beginning because the early Puritan settlers
A) chose a location uninhabited by hostile Indians.
B) arrived as young, single, and healthy males unburdened by family commitments.
C) were less educated and thus less easily dissatisfied.
D) came as freemen in families, possessed a strong work ethic, and valuable skills.
Q:
To establish a community of pure Christians in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Puritans felt government should
A) grant political participation to all adult males.
B) guard religious freedom of choice.
C) punish religious as well as civil transgressors.
D) promote and protect individual interests.
Q:
Unlike the Puritans, the Pilgrims
A) expected to convert a sinful world.
B) preferred to settle in Holland rather than America.
C) squabbled with local Indians.
D) separated from the Church of England.
Q:
The Puritans of England
A) wished to rid the Church of England of all Catholic beliefs and practices.
B) shunned the notions of social reform and missionary activity.
C) welcomed changes sparked by England's accelerating commercial activity.
D) loyally supported the rule of King Charles I.
Q:
Bacon's Rebellion of 1676 relieved much of the social tension among white Virginians by
A) opening additional lands for white settlers.
B) halting the influx of black slaves.
C) quieting the Indian frontier with a program of educational missions and regulated trade.
D) making government more responsive to the common people.
Q:
In response to Bacon's Rebellion, Governor Berkeley of Virginia
A) sanctioned the attacks by Bacon against hostile Indians.
B) pardoned the rebel leaders upon their surrender.
C) declared Bacon a rebel and ordered him arrested.
D) refused the offer of aid from royal troops in England.
Q:
In the colony of Maryland, the Calvert family intended to
A) initiate all colonial legislation.
B) carefully limit population growth.
C) offer a religious refuge to Catholics.
D) promote economic and social equality.
Q:
As a result of the Indian assault of 1622 upon the Virginia colony, the colonists
A) pursued more ruthless and determined efforts to displace the Indians.
B) adopted a more peaceful and conciliatory attitude and policy toward the Indians.
C) secured a new charter from the king with greater powers of self-government.
D) suffered relatively few casualties and minor property losses.