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History & Theory
Q:
Contrast the views of Europeans of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries with those of Native Americans they encountered on such topics as the environment, social relations, religious beliefs, and slavery.
Q:
Explain the impact trade had on West Africa.
Q:
Discuss the political and social organization of the Iroquois.
Q:
Numerous culture groups developed across the North American continent, each with distinctive lifestyles. Describe the most important features of the following culture groups, paying particular attention to whether or not they engaged in village life, trade and agriculture: Pueblo, Northwest Coast, and Mound Builders.
Q:
Identify the Aztec and explain their rise to power.
Q:
Broadly trace the major phases of pre-Columbian Native American history as charted by archaeologists and anthropologists.
Q:
Portuguese sailors ventured down the West African coast by the 1400s.
Q:
Spain ousted Muslim occupiers in 1492, the same year that Columbus ventured to the Americas.
Q:
Slavery was a new concept to Africans, unknown until Europeans introduced it.
Q:
Africans had a different conception of slavery than did Europeans before 1492. .
Q:
Silver provided the source of West African wealth as it did in Meso-America.
Q:
To Native American peoples, trade was not only an economic matter but also a way to preserve reciprocity between individuals and communities.
Q:
The Iroquois Confederation numbered approximately 10,000 people by 1500.
Q:
In the Southeast, native civilizations traced their ancestry back at least 8,000 years.
Q:
The first European settlers thought the gigantic earthworks made by mound-building societies were constructed by some ancient civilization that had found North America.
Q:
Anthropologists believe that the "agricultural revolution," the process by which man learned to domesticate plant life, occurred originally in Africa around 9,000 years ago.
Q:
Humans settled the Americas, Japan, and Scandinavia around 35,000 B.C.E.
Q:
People from Asia discovered the "New World" thousands of years before Christopher Columbus.
Q:
By the 1430s, Prince Henry's captains had reached
A) the Hawaiian and Tahitian islands.
B) the Madeira, Azores, and Canary islands.
C) China.
D) India.
Q:
Which of the following nations became the early leader of European exploration?
A) France
B) Spain
C) England
D) Portugal
Q:
In 1589 in France, a noble faction assassinated King
A) Charles I.
B) Charles II.
C) Henry II.
D) Henry III.
Q:
To Europeans, "China" was known as
A) America.
B) Cathay.
C) the Sandwich Islands.
D) the Renaissance.
E) the Black Death.
Q:
The movement toward more intensive and profitable agriculture in the sixteenth century
A) led to a desire among French noblemen to maximize profits.
B) marked the first step toward industrial development in England.
C) strengthened regional cultures and leadership in Spain.
D) relieved the pressures of unemployment and poverty in England.
Q:
All of the following factors contributed to the rise of modern Europe EXCEPT the
A) devastation of the population by the Black Death.
B) rediscovery of ancient knowledge.
C) emergence of powerful feudal lords.
D) revival of long-distance trade.
Q:
The social organization of African societies included
A) kings and noblemen at the top.
B) a great mass of people who worked as farmers.
C) urban craftsmen who supported the elites.
D) All of the above.
Q:
Africans in West Africa could be enslaved for
A) punishment for crimes.
B) being black.
C) fighting against Europeans.
D) refusing to embrace Islam.
Q:
In contrast to the fate of Africans enslaved in the Americas, the slaves in West African societies
A) did not suffer a permanently servile condition.
B) transferred slave status automatically to their children.
C) remained uneducated and unwed.
D) lost all legal rights and opportunities for economic advancement.
Q:
Timbuktu in the fourteenth century was a
A) barren and inhospitable location in the Sahara.
B) major port of trade with the eastern world on the Indian Ocean.
C) military outpost in the kingdom of Ghana.
D) city in Mali, with a distinguished faculty of scholars.
Q:
Mansa Musa, who ruled the West African empire of Mali,
A) led a legendary pilgrimage to Mecca.
B) never succeeded in making Mali as large as Ghana.
C) became so powerful that he led his army across the Sahara.
D) achieved little notice from people outside West Africa.
Q:
The West African empire of Ghana became noted for its
A) long-distance commerce.
B) elaborate sculpture and metalwork.
C) extensive urban settlement.
D) All of the above.
Q:
Population growth and cultural development in West Africa
A) depended upon ecological conditions and geography.
B) guarded against foreign invasions and influences.
C) progressed in regular and set patterns.
D) required isolation from other cultures.
Q:
At the time of early contact with Europeans, Africa was a continent marked by
A) primitive social organizations.
B) sparse and undeveloped settlements.
C) diverse and elaborate cultures.
D) backward and ignorant peoples.
Q:
How did Europeans view Native American people and their behavior?
A) as cultural savages
B) as religious pagans
C) as people to be hated
D) All of the above.
Q:
What activities did women perform in the tribal economy of native societies?
A) clearing of the land
B) entering into battle
C) hunting
D) control of the raising and distribution of crops
Q:
Which of the following characteristics of a matrilineal tribe in North America is NOT accurate?
A) sharing of powers in the tribal economy
B) newly married men remained in their father's household
C) family membership was determined through the female line
D elder women chose male leadership
Q:
In contrast to the Europeans, most natives of North America believed that land serves as the basis for
A) independence and personal identity.
B) material wealth.
C) political status.
D) common sustenance.
Q:
Native Americans encountered by Europeans practiced a form of religion known as
A) monotheism.
B) matrilineal.
C) polytheism.
D) Christianity.
E) Islam.
Q:
The potential for conflict between Europeans and the indigenous people in North America stemmed primarily from different values concerning the
A) relationship to the environment.
B) role of technology in man's existence.
C) adoption of a sedentary versus a nomadic lifestyle.
D) organization of family life.
Q:
The results of creating a more cohesive political confederacy for the Iroquois included
A) losing hunting grounds to neighboring tribes.
B) increasing village stability.
C) weakening the Iroquois as warriors.
D) population decrease as competition over resources increased.
Q:
The Little Ice Age impacted native societies in the Americas in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
A) Native peoples abandoned urban centers.
B) Native societies became less populous.
C) Native societies became less centralized.
D) Native women lost power.
Q:
In which of the following categories did the Iroquois practice a communal lifestyle?
A) work
B) land use
C) hunting
D) All of the above.
Q:
Archaeological studies of the Mound Builders suggest that Native American
A) loss of population and land accompanying the western migration of Europeans was inevitable.
B) settlements of the Atlantic seaboard represented the highest levels of pre-Columbian development.
C) culture remained static for thousands of years before Europeans arrived.
D) societies participated in a vast trading network that linked villages across the continent.
Q:
In the seventeenth century, European explorers in the Mississippi and Ohio valleys were amazed to find
A) the remnants of ancient European visitors.
B) Native Americans living as forest primitives.
C) hundreds of large ceremonial mounds.
D) a highly developed and far-flung Indian society.
Q:
The Pueblo people of the American Southwest, encountered by the Spanish in the 1540s,
A) built ceremonial mounds on which to worship their gods.
B) failed to develop agricultural techniques suitable for their arid environment.
C) used irrigation canals, dams, and hillside terracing to water their arid maize fields.
D) made their clothing and utensils from buffalo hides and bones.
Q:
The Aztecs, one of the Meso-American empires, created a(n)
A) empire that controlled a population estimated at between 10 and 20 million people.
B) highly stratified society.
C) capital city that amazed the Spanish with its grandeur.
D) sophisticated agricultural system.
Q:
The Spanish encountered the Aztec people in Mexico in the year
A) 1492.
B) 1519.
C) 1545.
D) 1619.
Q:
As a result of the development of agriculture in the Americas, the members of native tribes
A) abandoned regional trading networks.
B) engaged solely in agricultural tasks.
C) lost faith in religious leaders.
D) grew in numbers and founded separate societies.
Q:
Many ancient humans migrated to the Americas over a
A) wooden bridge.
B) land bridge.
C) volcanic crater.
D) cobblestone road.
Q:
How has the recent past surprised Americans with positive developments?
Q:
How did President Obama change course in the war on terror, and where did he follow the lead of his predecessor?
Q:
Why did Barack Obama win the election of 2008?
Q:
Why did President George W. Bush's ratings drop so precipitously during his second term?
Q:
How did the role of the United States in global affairs change in the beginning of the twenty-first century?
Q:
According to the text, what can we "learn" from history?
A) the ability to predict the course of human events
B) insight into underlying forces that generate historical change
C) that the past is truly the past and the future is uncertain and unpredictable
D) how to tell when and where a major conflict will arise
Q:
Which of the following recent events did historians predict accurately?
A) Hurricane Katrina
B) the nation's voracious thirst for oil
C) the election of an African American president
D) the explosion of a deep-sea oil well in the Gulf of Mexico
Q:
How did the long-standing immigration problem escalate in 2014?
A) A growing number of Syrian refugees arrived in the country.
B) The United States found itself forced to accept more and more Ukrainian asylum seekers.
C) With growing resentment over their discrimination, illegal Mexican immigrants began flocking to terrorist organizations.
D) Tens of thousands of Central American children fled drug wars, political instability, and violence.
Q:
When and where did the last terrorist attack on American soil take place?
A) in 2013 in Boston
B) in 2001 in New York City
C) in 1998 in Waco, Texas
D) in 1996 in Atlanta, Georgia
Q:
What was the majority ruling in the Supreme Court case of McDonald v. Chicago?
A) The city's municipal handgun ban violated the Second Amendment.
B) The city's municipal handgun ban did not violate the Second Amendment.
C) The city of Chicago was in its right to outlaw high-capacity magazines.
D) The city of Chicago was violating the Second Amendment with its assault weapons ban.
Q:
How many Americans die every year from gun violence?
A) 800
B) 3,400
C) 14,000
D) 30,000
Q:
Why did gang violence remain a persistent problem in the new millennium?
A) Increased access to narcotics strengthened gangs' role in the drug trade.
B) Repressive state and city governments gave urban youth no other choice but to turn to crime.
C) Millennials tend to have lower moral standards and apprehensions than boomers.
D) Lack of job opportunities and the decline of cities made gangs attractive to youth in the new millennium.
Q:
How did the homicide rate changed between 1993 and 2014?
A) It increased dramatically.
B) It stayed the same, despite the incarceration of hundreds of thousands of violent offenders.
C) It increased in rural districts, but fell in urban neighborhoods.
D) It dropped by half.
Q:
By 2014, President Obama faced which of the following serious foreign policy challenges?
A) a new right-wing government in France
B) the steady demise of South Africa into an authoritarian state
C) Russia's land-grab of the Ukraine
D) an unfriendly coalition of Southern American nations
Q:
By 2014, Iraq __________.
A) was beginning to see strong signs of economic recovery
B) came to be regarded as a leader in the region once more
C) had fallen back into the hands of al-Qaeda
D) was partly controlled by a radical Islamist group
Q:
During the first phase of the Affordable Care Act, how many Americans enrolled for health insurance?
A) 1 million
B) 2 million
C) 5 million
D) 7 million
Q:
The 2012 nationwide election resulted in which of the following?
A) a Republican controlled Senate
B) a Democratically controlled House
C) a divided Supreme Court
D) a political gridlock in Congress
Q:
In 2012, how did Tea Party critics label the Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney?
A) as too liberal
B) as not of the right faith
C) as too fiscally moderate
D) as too awkward and wooden
Q:
What did the Supreme Court rule in Citizen United in 2010?
A) Candidates' campaigns could spend as freely as they wished.
B) Candidates' campaigns could receive as much money as they wished from anyone.
C) Corporations enjoyed "free speech" and could spend as much on political campaigning as they wished.
D) The traditional political institution of the "Super PAC" was unconstitutional.
Q:
Which of the following best describes the Republican Tea Party movement?
A) Led by conservative women, it has plenty of passion but little funding.
B) Known for its sole focus on fiscal issues, the Tea Party movement has stayed clear from social issues.
C) It is a broadly based grassroots movement, and is funded by wealthy businessmen such as the Koch brothers.
D) In honor of its historic inspiration, the Tea Party movement seeks to restore broadest possible democratic participation.
Q:
Why did Republicans focus on Hillary Clinton in their investigation of the assault on the U.S. embassy in Benghazi?
A) She was the most likely Democratic presidential nominee in 2016.
B) She had organized an elaborate cover-up to prevent the public from learning about the attack.
C) She had personal ties to Egyptian officials who had organized the attack on the embassy.
D) She was rumored to have deliberately sent the U.S. ambassador on a suicide mission.
Q:
Why did the Arab Spring pose a foreign policy challenge for the Obama administration?
A) The United States endorsed democratic rule, but worried about the anti-Israeli sentiment in the region.
B) Obama had actively built up the regime of Hosni Mubarak.
C) American oil corporations were actively working on behalf of military juntas in the region.
D) By supporting the democratic movements, Obama found himself in agreement with the Republican opposition.
Q:
When were the last U.S. combat troops finally withdrawn from Iraq?
A) January 2009
B) January 2010
C) December 2011
D) June 2013
Q:
Which of the following characterized U.S. policy in Afghanistan in 2009?
A) withdrawal of U.S. troops and peace talks with the Taliban
B) less military involvement and more civilian assistance to Hamid Karzai
C) increased use of the air force and drastic decrease of the army and marines
D) a surge in U.S. troops and the use of unmanned planes
Q:
Why did President Obama's decision to send 30,000 additional troops to Afghanistan in 2009 surprise many Americans?
A) The situation in Afghanistan was steadily improving.
B) Under Muhmad Karzai, that nation had built a sound and stable democracy.
C) Obama had opposed a similar surge in Iraq in 2007.
D) Obama had promised complete withdrawal from Afghanistan by the summer of 2009 during his presidential campaign.
Q:
Which of the following events did President Obama call the "worst environmental disaster America has faced"?
A) the Midwestern drought of 2013
B) Hurricane Katrina
C) the explosion of a British Petroleum oil well in the Gulf of Mexico
D) Hurricane Sandy
Q:
Regarding an international agreement to curb greenhouse gasses, President Obama __________.
A) withdrew support for such an arrangement because he worried about the effect of new regulations on a struggling U.S. economy
B) ardently fought for passage of such an arrangement hoping it would promote the use of alternative energy.
C) passionately believed that a faltering economy should not impact the passage of such an agreement
D) had the Kyoto agreements ratified by the Senate within his first six months as president
Q:
What was a main Republican criticism of Obama's immigration reform plan?
A) It did not include a "pathway to citizenship."
B) It was too detailed and specific.
C) It ignored the desires of the Hispanic electorate.
D) It did not provide for adequate border policing and would encourage illegal immigration.
Q:
In 2010, which state enacted a strict immigration law requiring immigrants to carry alien registration forms and authorizing police to stop anyone suspected of being an illegal immigrant?
A) Texas
B) Arizona
C) California
D) New Mexico
Q:
Which of the following describes President Obama's health care legislation?
A) It had complete and total support by Democrats.
B) It socialized the U.S. health care system.
C) It was the first major health care reform since 1965.
D) It was passed with the assistance of a few Republicans who broke party lines.
Q:
What was President Obama's biggest legislative victory during his first term?
A) immigration reform
B) health care reform
C) government oversight of the banking industry
D) the removal of all combat troops from Iraq
Q:
Which of the following has contributed to the soaring medical costs in the United States?
A) competition from overseas
B) the excessive regulation of insurance companies
C) the lack of technological improvements
D) changes in Medicare benefits