Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
History & Theory
Q:
How did Ronald Reagan intend to remedy the nation's economic troubles and how did the Reagan Revolution actually change the economy?
Q:
Discuss how Jimmy Carter changed the nation's foreign policy direction.
Q:
Why did President Ford fail to secure an election as president himself?
Q:
Despite considerable effort, President Clinton failed to accomplish which of the following?
A) eliminate the federal deficit
B) reduce unemployment
C) negotiate peace between Israel and the Palestinians
D) avoid impeachment by the Senate
Q:
Clinton's economic policies helped his political survival because the American economy __________.
A) reduced its foreign trade deficit while increasing its exports
B) grew steadily while avoiding unemployment, inflation, and recession
C) concentrated on the emerging problems of global warming and the exhaustion of fossil fuels
D) turned away from the globalization represented by the World Trade Organization and the proposed North America Free Trade Agreement
Q:
During the impeachment of President Clinton, __________.
A) the vote to impeach him in the House was overwhelmingly bipartisan
B) Chief Justice William Rehnquist threw out most of the charges against him
C) Democratic senators argued that his sexual indiscretions were not "high crimes and misdemeanors"
D) Republican senators were not able to unite to convict him and remove him from office, even though they had enough votes to do so
Q:
Campaigning on a "Contract with America," Georgia Representative ________ led the Republicans to victory in the congressional elections of 1994.
A) Newt Gingrich
B) Bob Dole
C) Kenneth Starr
D) John McCain
Q:
Public pressure surrounding the Whitewater scandal led to the appointment of ________ as a special prosecutor.
A) Bernard Shaw
B) Janet Reno
C) Burt Lance
D) Kenneth W. Starr
Q:
Clinton's most important initiative in his first term was a failed attempt to reform which of the following?
A) the welfare system
B) the military budget
C) the Social Security system
D) the health insurance system
Q:
In his first budget, President Clinton presented a controversial proposal to do which of the following?
A) increase Social Security taxes by 10 percent over two years
B) reduce the federal deficit by raising taxes and reducing spending
C) follow the model of "Reaganomics" by cutting taxes sharply
D) cut the Pentagon's budget by 25 percent
Q:
Clinton used his executive authority to strengthen the Supreme Court majority that opposed the Reagan-Bush position on which issue?
A) abortion
B) the death penalty
C) federal financing of political campaigns
D) affirmative action
Q:
What Texas billionaire ran as an independent candidate for president in 1992, spending his own money to present a direct platform that combined both liberal and conservative planks?
A) T. Boone Pickens
B) Patrick Buchanan
C) Ross Perot
D) Lamar Alexander
Q:
Which person was most crucial to Bill Clinton's victory in the 1992 presidential election?
A) Hillary Clinton
B) Al Gore
C) Monica Lewinsky
D) Ross Perot
Q:
The failed real estate development "Whitewater" __________.
A) led to an investigation of Bill and Hillary Clinton for illegal use of public monies
B) brought to light the many illicit sexual escapades of Bill and Hillary Clinton
C) forced President George H. W. Bush to bail out the savings and loan industry
D) did not stick to President Ronald Reagan because he was not close enough to the action
Q:
President George H. W. Bush was faced with the need for enormous sums of money to bail out which ailing industry?A) savings and loanB) computerC) pharmaceuticalD) automobile
Q:
Which statement about President Bush and the Persian Gulf War is true?
A) President Bush was highly criticized by the American public for embroiling U.S. troops in the Middle East.
B) There was general ambivalence by the American public regarding U.S. involvement in the Persian Gulf and of President Bush's performance in general.
C) People generally approved of the war, but not President Bush's performance as chief executive.
D) An overwhelming majority of the American public approved of President Bush's handling of the war and his performance as president.
Q:
In August 1991, hard-line communists launched an unsuccessful coup against which Soviet president?
A) Boris Yeltsin
B) Eduard Shevardnadze
C) Mikhail Gorbachev
D) Vladimir Putin
Q:
To which Central American nation did President Bush dispatch American troops after General Manuel Noriega refused to relinquish power after his figurehead candidate lost a national election?
A) Granada
B) Nicaragua
C) Cuba
D) Panama
Q:
What was the main reason for the collapse of Soviet-style communism in Eastern Europe in 1989 and 1990?
A) Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev's refusal to use force to keep old-line communist governments in power in Eastern Europe
B) the aggressive stance taken toward Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev by presidents Reagan and Bush
C) pressure from a United Nations' boycott of Soviet trade in order to pressure Soviet withdrawal from Eastern Europe
D) the rebellions in Eastern Europe against Gorbachev's heavy-handed attempts to crush any attempts to reform pro-Soviet governments
Q:
After his election in 1988, President Bush __________.
A) displayed the same lack of interest in the details of government as President Reagan
B) saw his standing in public opinion polls drop dramatically because of his inept handling of foreign affairs
C) angered Reagan loyalists by supporting abortion rights and gun control
D) tried to shed the tough image he created during the campaign
Q:
As president, George H. W. Bush focused his crime-fighting initiative on which issue?
A) hospital fraud in Medicare and Medicaid
B) violence against women and children
C) the flow of illegal drugs across American borders
D) stock market manipulation by insiders
Q:
In the 1988 presidential campaign, George H. W. Bush exploited which of the following?
A) his record as a World War II hero
B) concerns about government inattention to the emerging energy crisis
C) fears of renewed inflation
D) white Americans' racial fears of violent crime
Q:
In 1988, Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis was nominated by the Democrats for president based on which of the following?
A) his time as Jimmy Carter's vice president
B) his successful introduction of universal health insurance in his home state
C) his record as an efficient manager
D) his appeal to women and minorities
Q:
In evaluating the achievements of Reagan's presidency, which of the following statements is true?
A) He communicated so poorly that he had little impact on the political climate.
B) He encouraged a Darwinian chaos through deregulation.
C) He was directly responsible for the restructuring of American corporations.
D) He led the nation with first-rate organizational and administrative skills.
Q:
Why did the U.S. public not hold President Reagan personally responsible for the financial scandals of his administration or the Iran-Contra Arms deal?
A) because he was determined to punish those responsible for these scandals
B) because he was unable to communicate his basic values effectively
C) because he was primarily a celebrity rather than a politician
D) because he was not close enough to the action to be held accountable
Q:
Which National Security Council aide arranged the secret sale of weapons to Iran and the transfer of the profits from that sale to the Nicaraguan Contras?
A) Lawrence Walsh
B) Michael Milken
C) Oliver North
D) Paul Volcker
Q:
Enraged by the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1980, Democratic congressman from Texas Charles Wilson did which of the following?
A) He called for the impeachment of Ronald Reagan.
B) He convinced Carter to boycott the U.S. Olympics.
C) He organized funding for the mujahideen.
D) He pushed the Reagan Administration to build an alliance with Pakistan.
Q:
What was the impact of the economic trends of the 1980s and the policies of the Reagan administration?
A) Wealthy Americans benefited disproportionately.
B) Sagging "rust belt" industries in the Northeast were revitalized.
C) The share of the national wealth for the poorest Americans was increased.
D) New wealth was brought to low-skilled or semi-skilled workers.
Q:
Which of the following was a major consequence of Reagan's presidency?
A) a more realistic view of the threat posed by the Soviet Union
B) a dramatic growth in the strength of blue-collar unions
C) a startling escalation of federal deficits and of the national debt
D) a major decrease in military spending
Q:
What occurred as a result of a wave of hostile takeovers in the 1980s?
A) Companies took on huge debts to make themselves less attractive for acquisition.
B) Companies began shedding overseas assets so as to remain liquid in the case of a challenge.
C) American corporations drastically shed their debt, throwing the bond market into a tailspin.
D) Businesses rushed to settle labor disputes so as to protect their workforce against eventual layoffs.
Q:
Which statement about the Income Tax Act of 1986 is true?
A) It raised tax rates significantly for corporations and for capital gains.
B) It lowered the lowest taxable income rate from 30 to 10 percent.
C) It attempted to remedy the federal deficit with a tax increase.
D) It lowered tax rates significantly for corporations and the wealthy.
Q:
What caused NASA programs to suffer a setback in 1968?
A) the decision by Reagan to appoint a political crony to head NASA
B) the explosion of the space shuttle Challenger
C) the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
D) the Glenn Committee investigations of corruption in the space agency
Q:
President Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative was a plan for which of the following?
A) a computer-controlled system to destroy enemy missiles in outer space
B) mutual reductions of Soviet and American stockpiles of nuclear warheads
C) an elaborate series of spy satellites to monitor Soviet military activity
D) mutual reductions of Soviet and U.S. delivery systems for nuclear warheads
Q:
In 1984, Democrat presidential nominee Walter Mondale chose ________ as his running nominee mate because she was expected to appeal to conservative Democrats and Republican women.
A) Gloria Steinem
B) Diane Feinstein
C) Madeleine Albright
D) Geraldine Ferraro
Q:
American marines became part of an international peacekeeping force in 1982 as a result of the Palestine Liberation Organization attacks on Israel from which country?
A) Jordan
B) Egypt
C) Syria
D) Lebanon
Q:
Reagan actively sought to overthrow the left-wing governments in which countries?
A) Nicaragua and Grenada
B) Indonesia and Thailand
C) Iraq and Iran
D) Venezuela and El Salvador
Q:
Which of the following was an argument for Reagan's tax policy ("Reaganomics")?
A) The federal government should create jobs to decrease unemployment and increase wages.
B) Tax rates for the wealthy should be significantly increased because they have the largest discretionary income.
C) Reduced taxes would increase investments and in turn stimulate production, jobs, and prosperity.
D) Increased taxes would reduce the federal deficit, lowering interest rates and cutting inflation.
Q:
What was one of Reagan's highest priorities as president?
A) promoting basic human rights in other countries
B) decreasing defense spending
C) balancing the budget
D) cutting federal taxes
Q:
During his last weeks in office, Carter devoted himself to which of the following?
A) ratifying the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
B) ending the Iranian hostage crisis
C) negotiating the Camp David Accords
D) appointing Democrats as federal judges
Q:
Which of the following occurred as a result of the election of 1980?
A) The Republicans gained control of both houses of Congress.
B) The Republicans won control of the Senate and cut deeply into the Democratic majority in the House.
C) The Republicans gained seats in both the House and the Senate, although the Democrats still controlled both.
D) The Republicans won control of the House and cut deeply into the Democratic majority in the Senate.
Q:
Which statement regarding the 1980 Republican nominee, Ronald Reagan, is true?
A) He was seriously limited by his age during the 1980 campaign.
B) He was never a serious contender for the presidential nomination before 1980.
C) He was a New Deal Democrat before World War II.
D) He was a political newcomer without much charisma.
Q:
Which of the following reactions occurred during the early stages of the Iranian hostage crisis?
A) There was a remarkable emotional response and sense of unity in America.
B) Carter refused to employ economic pressure on the Iranian government.
C) The American public and most foreign observers disapproved of Carter's restraint.
D) The American public was bitterly divided over America's role in Iran and how to respond to the hostage crisis.
Q:
From November 1979 to January 1981, American embassy personnel in which country were held hostage as a result of the dramatic revolution there?
A) Libya
B) Iraq
C) Lebanon
D) Iran
Q:
Which of the following occurred under the terms of the Camp David Accords?
A) The United States, Israel, and Egypt signed a mutual defense treaty that included a two-state solution for the benefit of Palestinian refugees.
B) Egypt promised to withdraw from the territory it captured from Israel in the 1967 Israeli-Egypt war in exchange for Israel's commitment to solving the problems of the Palestinian refugees.
C) Israel promised to withdraw from the territory it captured from Egypt in the 1967 Israeli-Egypt war in exchange for Egypt's recognition of Israel as a nation.
D) Egypt promised to withdraw its forces from Israel's West Bank settlements in return for a two-state solution between Israel and the Palestinians.
Q:
President Carter's most striking diplomatic achievement was helping to negotiate the __________ between Israel and Egypt.
A) Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
B) Golan Heights Pact
C) Camp David Accords
D) West Bank Security Agreement
Q:
What did President Carter claim was his most important concern in foreign affairs?
A) to contain the international communist conspiracy
B) to eradicate world poverty
C) to eliminate state-sponsored terrorism
D) to defend basic human rights
Q:
What was the most disturbing economic problem to vex the nation during the Carter years?
A) inner-city decay and white flight to the suburbs
B) a combination of stagnation and inflation
C) the collapse of the savings and loan system
D) the increasing inequality of income and wealth distribution
Q:
What was the cause of many of Carter's political problems?
A) his unwillingness to reach out to average citizens
B) his poor grasp of economics
C) his willingness to rely upon the Washington "establishment" for advisors
D) his lack of follow-through with Congress
Q:
As president, what was Jimmy Carter noted for?
A) surrounding himself with Washington insiders
B) working patiently and persistently with Congress to enact his programs
C) trying to set a tone of democratic simplicity and moral fervor
D) avoiding contact with average people and their concerns
Q:
What was a major factor in Carter's election as president in 1976?
A) his outstanding performance in the televised debates
B) the strong support of labor union members
C) the refusal of Reagan supporters to aid Ford
D) his extensive congressional experience
Q:
Why did Ronald Reagan challenge Gerald Ford's presidential nomination in 1976?
A) He criticized Kissinger for his "immoral" dtente.
B) He lambasted Ford for his painful spending cuts.
C) He objected to Ford's decision to send more ground troops to Vietnam.
D) He charged Gerald Ford with pushing the Republican Party too far to the right.
Q:
What did Congress do when the South Vietnamese army and government collapsed in 1975?
A) It decided to send U.S. marines to Cambodia to break the North Vietnamese supply lines.
B) It poured more arms into the South to stop North Vietnam's advance.
C) It refused to send more arms to South Vietnam.
D) It called upon the United Nations to send a peacekeeping force to stabilize Vietnam.
Q:
What was President Ford's biggest advantage upon assuming the presidency?
A) his strong ties to Democrats in Congress
B) his political finesse and genius
C) a clean record untarnished by scandal
D) his original plans for addressing the economic crisis
Q:
What did Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara mean when he concluded that "the figures didn"t add up"?
A) His methodical calculations of kill ratios and other statistics did not match the reality of the ground in Vietnam.
B) The money the Department of Defense spent on the war in Vietnam was way out of proportion to the importance of that small nation in the region.
C) The poor results of Lyndon B. Johnson in the 1968 presidential primaries suggested that the election was unwinnable.
D) The small number of recruits generated by the draft suggested that too many young American men were cheating their way out of the system.
Q:
What was the response of the Soviet Union and China to the increasing number of American ground forces in Vietnam?
A) an equally large increase in Soviet and Chinese troops in the region
B) an offer to broker a peace agreement
C) willful blindness
D) an increase in aid to North Vietnam
Q:
Which of the following best describes the American strategy in Vietnam?
A) Kill as many enemies as possible.
B) Secure the coast lines for safe maritime traffic.
C) Capture Hanoi and control North Vietnam.
D) Secure as much territory as possible with as few casualties as possible.
Q:
The separation of the "conformist" 1950s from the "activist" 1960s __________.
A) remains remarkably accurate
B) is overdrawn and ignores early seeds of dissent
C) is the wrong way around if we consider anticommunist activism
D) is based on the formation of the beat school in the early 1960s
Q:
Which event transformed 1960s student activism into a mass political movement?
A) the publishing of Jack Kerouac's On the Road
B) the fight for black rights at the University of California at Berkeley
C) Lyndon Johnson's escalation of the Vietnam War
D) Martin Luther King's March on Washington
Q:
Which of the following accurately assesses the overall impact of the Great Society?
A) It was a remarkable outpouring of important legislation, but its achievements were far short of what it had promised.
B) Because President Johnson persuaded Congress to pass only a few of his projects, it was a considerable success under those circumstances.
C) It resulted in major new legislation, which significantly lowered unemployment by job training for the poor.
D) It succeeded in its goal of reducing the size and scope of the federal government's domestic programs.
Q:
Which of the following was one cause of poverty after 1945?
A) The percentage of the population with disabling mental, physical, or emotional conditions increased dramatically.
B) White racism became increasingly entrenched in both the North and the South.
C) Many white ethnic groups in America were traditionally opposed to wage labor.
D) Technological advancements raised job requirements and made it harder for those without educational or special skills to earn a living.
Q:
Which of the following did Lyndon B. Johnson consider his specialty?
A) foreign affairs
B) social welfare legislation
C) civil rights reform
D) bipartisanship
Q:
Which of the following outlawed racial discrimination by employers and formal racial segregation of all sorts in places of public accommodation?
A) the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
B) the Twenty-third Amendment
C) the Civil Rights Act of 1964
D) the Civil Rights Act of 1957
Q:
Why did the Warren Report on the assassination of President Kennedy fail to end charges of a conspiracy?
A) It protected information about CIA assassination attempts against Fidel Castro.
B) It denounced conspiracy theorists as uneducated hicks.
C) It concluded that Jack Ruby had been sent by a Democratic rival.
D) It tried to connect Lee Harvey Oswald to the mafia..
Q:
Which of the following best summarizes the point Martin Luther King Jr. was making in his letter from the Birmingham jail?
A) He would keep demonstrating until the federal government took action.
B) He was going to love white Southerners like a good Christian no matter what they did.
C) Asking African Americans for moderation and patience after centuries of injustice was misguided.
D) If Southern whites could only give blacks a chance they would see how good a people they were.
Q:
How did Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X of the Black Muslims urge solving racial turmoil?
A) by practicing Christian nonviolence
B) by supporting the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Great Society
C) by rejecting white American society
D) by returning to Africa
Q:
Who was the most prominent leader of the nonviolent civil rights movement?
A) James Farmer
B) Malcolm X
C) Stokely Carmichael
D) Martin Luther King Jr.
Q:
Why did four African American college students insist on service at an all-white lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, in February 1960?
A) They thought it would be possible for the restaurant to make an exception.
B) They were activists from up north and not familiar with southern segregation.
C) It was an exceptionally cold and stormy day and the four had no other place to go.
D) They wanted to demonstrate the injustice of segregation and expected not to get served.
Q:
Which of the following is the best description of Kennedy's initial approach to the race question?
A) daring, because he integrated the National Guard
B) exceedingly cautious, urging both sides to show restraint
C) focused on the grass roots level of voting rights
D) concerned primarily with electing black members of Congress
Q:
From the 1950s until his death in 1963, the United States backed the regime of which South Vietnamese leader?
A) Chiang Kai-shek
B) Ho Chi Minh
C) Bao Dai
D) Ngo Dinh Diem
Q:
One indication of decreasing Soviet-American tensions was a treaty __________.
A) agreeing to submit future conflicts to the United Nations
B) prohibiting the sale of nuclear weapons to non-nuclear nations
C) banning the testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere
D) granting "most-favored-nation" trading status to each other
Q:
During the Cuban missile crisis, President Kennedy ordered which of the following?
A) a walkout at the United Nations
B) a naval blockade of Cuba
C) a plot to assassinate Castro
D) a secret invasion of Cuba
Q:
In 1962, Soviet Premier Khrushchev precipitated the most dangerous confrontation of the Cold War by doing which of the following?
A) starting the Berlin Blockade
B) helping East Germany build a wall to divide the city of Berlin
C) sending Soviet forces to help Castro defeat the Bay of Pigs invasion
D) moving guided missiles to and building launching pads in Cuba
Q:
In April 1961, the CIA-sponsored Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba __________.
A) led to direct involvement of American troops in Cuba
B) was unable to land because of bad weather
C) failed because the Cuban people did not aid the invaders
D) ousted Castro's government for a short time
Q:
Why did Richard Nixon get caught up in the Watergate scandal and why did it force his resignation?
Q:
Discuss the foreign policy initiatives of Richard M. Nixon
Q:
What caused the downfall of Lyndon B. Johnson in 1968?
Q:
What did Lyndon B. Johnson hope to achieve with the Great Society?
Q:
Why was John F. Kennedy so reluctant to embrace the civil rights issue?
Q:
Richard Nixon's resignation __________.
A) marked both the beginning and the end of an era
B) proved that his easygoing personality did not fit the demands of the office
C) revealed his deep remorse and sorrow for his transgressions against the country
D) showed that unquestioning self-confidence and pride was his downfall
Q:
What ultimately happened to President Nixon?
A) He was impeached.
B) He resigned from office.
C) He was impeached by the House but found not guilty by the Senate.
D) He ended his full second term in office with the cloud of Watergate over his head.