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Q:
The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 did which of the following?
A) authorized the president to seek court injunctions to prevent strikes that endangered the national interest
B) effectively made it a crime to be a member of the Communist Party
C) gave the AFL-CIO the sole authority to negotiate labor contracts
D) established the open shop policy against unions nationwide
Q:
The 1944 GI Bill of Rights gave __________.
A) soldiers absolute freedom of speech
B) veterans guaranteed jobs with the federal government
C) women the right to join the armed forces
D) veterans subsidies for education or opening a small business
Q:
Which of the following best describes Harry Truman's sentiments upon becoming president?
A) He was excited for the opportunities that awaited him.
B) He was reluctant to take on the responsibilities which he knew so well as vice president.
C) He felt acutely conscious of his own limitations.
D) He was eager to change the cabinet substantially and take the nation on a different course.
Q:
Why did the alliance between Great Britain and the United States on the one hand and the Soviet Union on the other break down so quickly after the end of World War II?
Q:
How did airplanes change warfare in the Pacific during World War II?
Q:
Describe the Allied strategy for victory in Europe.
Q:
How did World War II change American society at home?
Q:
Why did the United States not enter World War II on the side of the Allies in late 1939?
Q:
World War II caused a fundamental change in international politics. One aspect of this change was the __________.
A) sudden independence gained by many former European colonies in Africa
B) formation of a world government under the United Nations
C) triumph of isolationism in America
D) reduction of all the western European nations to the status of second-class powers
Q:
Stalin believed that dominating Poland through an unpopular pro-Soviet government __________.
A) would be bitterly resisted by the United States and England
B) was not necessary for future Soviet security
C) would be popular with Polish-Americans
D) was no different than the U.S. domination of many Latin American nations
Q:
What was one of the major limitations of the United Nations Security Council?
A) Only great powers could be members.
B) Neither the English nor the French were initially members.
C) All of its actions had to be approved by the General Assembly.
D) Any great power could block UN action.
Q:
Wendell Willkie's best-selling book, One World, was evidence of which of the following?
A) naive optimism about atomic weapons
B) the resurgence of isolationism
C) fears of Soviet communism after World War II
D) the disappearance of isolationism
Q:
A new period of international cooperation was entered with the signing of the __________ in San Francisco in June 1945.
A) Armistice
B) United Nations charter
C) Non-Aggression Pact
D) League of Nations charter
Q:
Why did President Truman drop atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
A) He thought bombing Tokyo would have left Japan without a government to surrender.
B) He wanted to persuade the Soviet Union to intervene in the fight against Japan.
C) He hoped to bring the war to a quick end without Soviet involvement.
D) He knew that a ground invasion would have cost at least 500,000 American casualties.
Q:
What happened as a result of the Battle of the Philippine Sea and the Battle for Leyte Gulf?
A) Japan was destroyed as a sea power.
B) Japan controlled the major Pacific sea lanes.
C) Japan conquered the Philippines.
D) Japan gained an early advantage against the American navy.
Q:
In August 1942, Americans began their campaign in the Pacific by attacking which island?
A) Eniwetok
B) Guadalcanal
C) Okinawa
D) Iwo Jima
Q:
What was the American strategy in the Pacific to conquer only strategic islands called?
A) "claim-jumping"
B) the "domino theory"
C) "island hopping"
D) "containment"
Q:
The American strategy in the Pacific called for which of the following?
A) a single drive from New Guinea toward the Philippines
B) a two-pronged drive from New Guinea toward the Philippines and from the central Pacific toward Tokyo
C) a three-pronged drive from New Guinea toward the Philippines, from the central Pacific toward Tokyo, and from Australia toward the Gilbert Islands
D) a single drive from the central Pacific toward Tokyo
Q:
Who was the brilliant and egocentric commander of American land forces in the Pacific?
A) Chester Nimitz
B) George S. Patton
C) Bernard Montgomery
D) Douglas MacArthur
Q:
The initiative in the Pacific shifted to the Americans as a result of which 1942 battles?
A) Coral Sea and Midway
B) Manila and Tarawa
C) Saipan and Guadalcanal
D) Okinawa and Iwo Jima
Q:
Which technological development revolutionized naval warfare in World War II?
A) the submarine
B) the airplane
C) the shortwave radio
D) the anti-aircraft gun
Q:
What did the Roosevelt administration do in response to the slaughter of Jews by the Nazis?
A) almost nothing
B) destroyed railroads leading to the death camps
C) helped Jewish refugees escape
D) bombed the death camps
Q:
Prior to 1943, Americans __________.
A) had no idea that the Nazis were persecuting Jews
B) urged Roosevelt to liberate the concentration camps
C) dismissed the news of Jewish persecution as either propaganda or serious exaggeration
D) were keenly aware of the deaths of millions of Jews in German death camps
Q:
A desperate German counterattack at the German-Belgian border in the Battle of the Bulge __________.
A) almost broke the Allied lines
B) broke the Allied lines and delayed victory for five months
C) was stopped in its tracks by concerted aerial bombing
D) fell apart because of the assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler
Q:
On D-Day, June 6, 1944, the Allies invaded __________.
A) Denmark
B) Italy
C) North Africa
D) France
Q:
Which statement about the Allied campaign in Italy is true?
A) It allowed a dramatically successful invasion of Germany from the south.
B) It was disappointing, even though it weakened the enemy.
C) It was a humiliating defeat for Eisenhower.
D) It advanced far more rapidly than expected.
Q:
Which of the following was a site of a major Allied victory?
A) Yalta
B) Warsaw
C) Vienna
D) Stalingrad
Q:
In November 1942, where did Allied forces made their first attack on Nazi-controlled territory?
A) France
B) Italy
C) Sicily
D) French North Africa
Q:
What did American and British strategists decide to do immediately after Pearl Harbor?
A) concentrate first against Japan
B) develop the atomic bomb
C) concentrate first against Germany
D) develop radar
Q:
What happened when women entered the workforce during World War II?
A) Black women generally had fewer problems.
B) Male objections soon lost their force in the face of growing labor demands.
C) The government created an extensive daycare program for women with young children.
D) Men welcomed them immediately because of the wartime crisis.
Q:
In regards to female entry into the traditionally male-dominated workforce, employers __________.
A) doubted women could handle the work
B) actively sought women to fill their ranks
C) defended women's abilities to industrial employers
D) were ambivalent as long as the work was done
Q:
Which of the following best summarizes John L. Dewitt's argument for Japanese American internment?
A) The sabotage and mayhem in Hawaii is a stark reminder of the danger this population poses.
B) The trust and goodwill that Californians continue to show Japanese Americans is encouraging but misplaced.
C) As long as Americans continue to unfairly discriminate against Japanese Americans, they are indeed much better off in camps.
D) The very absence of any acts of sabotage is proof that sabotage will take place in the future.
Q:
Over 100,000 Japanese Americans were __________ the United States during World War II.
A) relocated and interned in
B) imprisoned and tortured by
C) expelled from
D) put in concentration camps and exterminated in
Q:
In 1943, young Hispanics wearing zoot suits were attacked by __________ in Los Angeles.
A) blacks
B) rioting sailors
C) white youth
D) Japanese Americans
Q:
Prior to Pearl Harbor, A. Philip Randolph threatened to do which of the following?
A) call for a national boycott to secure immediate integration of the armed forces
B) organize a march on Washington, D.C. to demand equal opportunities for black workers in defense plants
C) organize sabotage operations in the U.S. army to bring about an end to segregation in public schools, housing, and transportation
D) embarrass the president with details of his private life unless Roosevelt announced an immediate entry into the war
Q:
Which statement regarding black males during World War II is true?
A) They were not allowed to serve in the armed forces.
B) They were not allowed to serve in the military overseas.
C) They were incorporated into the regular services without regard to race.
D) They were permitted to join the various military services, but were segregated.
Q:
How did Adolf Hitler's brutal Aryan supremacist ideology affect the lives of African Americans in the United States?
A) Because of Nazi ideology, German soldiers treated black POWs with particular violence.
B) Hitler's ideology attracted American followers who persecuted African Americans with increasing violence.
C) African Americans recognized the extent of racist evil in Europe and recognized that discrimination in the United States was comparatively mild.
D) The consequences of Hitler's brutal views prompted white Americans to rethink their racism, which prepared the ground for the black Civil Rights movement.
Q:
What happened to the American population in the five years following the Great Depression?
A) It rose by 6.5 million.
B) It rose by 3 million.
C) It declined by 3 million.
D) It declined by 6.5 million.
Q:
What was a major social effect of World War II on American life?
A) a declining marriage rate
B) a return of women to the role of full-time housewives
C) a general decrease in the income of workers and farmers
D) a tendency for the population to shift to the west
Q:
The government did which of the following to pay for almost 40 percent of the cost of World War II?
A) borrowed from corporations
B) simply printed as much paper money as needed
C) increased taxes
D) borrowed from Great Britain
Q:
Between 1941 and 1945, spending by the federal government was __________.
A) twice as much as in its entire previous history
B) paid for entirely by a greatly expanded income tax
C) almost exactly the same as New Deal expenditures from 1936 to 1940
D) paid for almost entirely by a national sales tax
Q:
How did the war effort between 1941 and 1945 affect the U.S. standard of living?
A) It lowered the standard of living for women workers.
B) It had almost no adverse effect on the average person's standard of living.
C) It greatly improved the average person's standard of living.
D) It lowered the standard of living for industrial workers.
Q:
Why did the U.S. government seize the coal mines in 1943?
A) The Roosevelt administration feared communist agitation among the United Mine Workers.
B) The United Mine Workers had gone to strike over wages and working conditions.
C) The mine operators had refused to allow conscientious objectors work in the mines.
D) The Roosevelt administration was convinced that the mines would be operated more efficiently under government oversight.
Q:
What was the World War II board that exercised complete control over domestic prices and wages?
A) Office of War Mobilization
B) War Labor Board
C) War Industries Board
D) Office of Price Administration
Q:
What was Roosevelt's greatest accomplishment as a wartime leader?
A) his energetic diplomacy at Yalta
B) his skillful administration of war production
C) his brilliant military strategy
D) his ability to inspire people with a sense of national purpose
Q:
The United States declared war on Japan after which event?
A) that nation's capture of Manchuria
B) their rape of Nanjing in mainland China
C) the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor
D) the British defeat at Dunkirk
Q:
In conferences with the Japanese ambassador in the spring of 1941, Secretary of State Cordell Hull __________.
A) attempted to satisfy Japanese demands for raw materials
B) threatened Japan with war unless it withdrew from the Philippines
C) insisted that Japan withdraw from China and pledge no further aggression
D) demonstrated his sophisticated appreciation of the military and political situation in East Asia
Q:
FDR spoke for the hopes of many for a better post-war world when he identified the nation's war goal as which of the following?
A) "making the world safe for democracy"
B) the "Four Freedoms"
C) creating one world under God
D) making "peace in our time"
Q:
In early 1941, FDR proposed aiding the financially exhausted British under the __________ Act.
A) Burke-Wadsworth
B) Lend-Lease
C) War Resources
D) Neutrality
Q:
Why did the United States and Great Britain trade 240 American destroyers for six British naval bases in the Caribbean?
A) It was the easiest way for the United States to help Great Britain fight Germany.
B) The United States needed the naval bases more than the destroyers.
C) British destroyers were technologically far inferior and the American ships had an international reputation.
D) A direct sale or loan of the destroyers to Great Britain would have violated American laws.
Q:
What was the federally funded top-secret atomic bomb program established by Roosevelt in 1939 known as?
A) the Einstein Program
B) the Luftwaffe
C) the Manhattan Project
D) the A-Bomb Experiment
Q:
How did the German attack on Poland affect Americans' thinking?
A) It confirmed their isolationism and made them even more unwilling to support any hints of mobilization for war.
B) Keeping out of the war remained an almost universal hope, but preventing a Nazi victory became their ultimate objective.
C) They rallied to the Allied cause, demanding an immediate declaration of war against Germany.
D) Americans realized war could no longer be avoided, but were unwilling to begin mobilization for war.
Q:
In March 1939 Adolph Hitler broke his promise made at Munich and seized which country?
A) Denmark
B) Sudetenland
C) Austria
D) Czechoslovakia
Q:
What happened when Roosevelt made his "quarantine speech" of October 1937?
A) Congress agreed and repealed the Neutrality Act of 1937.
B) Congress agreed and decided the United States should join the League of Nations.
C) A strong isolationist reaction from the public forced Roosevelt to back down.
D) Public opinion rallied behind Roosevelt and pressured Congress to move away from neutrality and isolationism.
Q:
Democracy and fascism clashed in 1936 when civil war broke out in which country?
A) Italy
B) Spain
C) France
D) Austria
Q:
How did the Neutrality Act of 1935 treat the sale of munitions?
A) It banned their sale to all countries except when the president should proclaim that a state of war existed.
B) It limited their sale to only Great Britain and France, because they had repaid their loans from the Great War.
C) It approved of their sale to those nations "protected" by the Monroe Doctrine.
D) It forbade their sale to all belligerents whenever the president should proclaim that a state of war existed.
Q:
The invasion of which African country is demonstrative of the expansionist aims of Italy during the 1930s?
A) Chad
B) Algeria
C) Sudan
D) Ethiopia
Q:
What was the hallmark of American foreign policy during FDR's first term, 1933"1937?
A) neutrality and isolationism
B) dollar diplomacy
C) stopping the spread of fascism
D) confronting the Soviet Union
Q:
What impact did the New Deal have on the lives of African American and women?
Q:
Explain how the Second New Deal created more long-lasting changes in the American economy.
Q:
How did the First New Deal provide relief to Americans?
Q:
How did the Great Depression affect Americans?
Q:
Explain the causes of the Great Depression.
Q:
Roosevelt communicated directly and effectively with the public through which of the following?
A) a regular newspaper column, "Ask the President"
B) frequent public appearances
C) press assistants who orchestrated his messages
D) "fireside chats"
Q:
How is Franklin Roosevelt best described?
A) far too inflexible to be an effective leader
B) cold and awkward in his relations with the public
C) one of the most effective chief executives in the nation's history
D) an excellent administrator who created clear lines of authority and responsibility
Q:
John Collier, the New Deal's Commissioner of Indian Affairs, tried to do which of the following?
A) encourage the revival of tribal governments
B) increase federal oversight over reservations
C) break the corrupt rule of tribal councils
D) introduce the concept of Indian gaming as a revenue source
Q:
During FDR's first two terms, __________ dramatically shifted their support from the Republicans to the Democrats.
A) small businessmen
B) women
C) Catholics
D) African Americans
Q:
In addition to heading an informal network of Washington women in key posts, Eleanor Roosevelt was noted for her special interest in better treatment for which of the following?
A) children with handicaps
B) immigrants
C) African Americans
D) Native Americans
Q:
What was the most significant aspect of the "Roosevelt revolution"?
A) It caused a proliferation of federal agencies.
B) It committed the country to the idea of federal responsibility for the national welfare.
C) It demonstrated the need for strong, activist presidents in the modern era.
D) It caused the expansion of federal power.
Q:
Which term best describes Franklin D. Roosevelt's attitude toward the constitutional limits on executive power?
A) cavalier
B) exceedingly cautious
C) innovative
D) dangerous
Q:
Which statement regarding the Wagner Act is true?
A) It was an attempt to "pack" the United States Supreme Court.
B) It established the federal government as lender of last resort to insure checking accounts.
C) It gave workers the right to bargain collectively.
D) It established fair labor standards for all nationwide industries.
Q:
As the 1938 elections approached, Roosevelt sought to "purge" which of the following?
A) liberal members of the Democratic Party
B) a number of conservative Democratic senators
C) Democrats who supported Congressman William Lemke for President in 1936
D) Cabinet members who leaked classified information to the newspapers
Q:
Which statement about the Rural Electrification Administration is true?
A) It invested billions of taxpayers' dollars in beefing up the nation's electricity grid.
B) It effectively regulated the rural electricity market, which was fraught with corruption.
C) It committed the nation's public works agencies to build electrical infrastructure in the West.
D) It lent money to utility companies and farmer cooperatives to help them bring electricity to the countryside.
Q:
What was Roosevelt's response to the United Automobile Workers' "sit-down strikes" against General Motors?
A) He thought them illegal, but refused to intervene.
B) He sent in the National Guard to drive the workers out of the plants.
C) He pledged his support to the strikers.
D) He ordered both sides into binding arbitration.
Q:
The Social Security Act of August 1935 did which of the following?
A) Introduced European-style welfare to the United States against large popular opposition.
B) Served to redistribute income from the upper strata of society to the lower.
C) Provided all Americans with equal protections against economic uncertainty and injustice.
D) Established unemployment and old-age insurance for workers.
Q:
What did FDR propose to make the Supreme Court more "pro-New Deal" in 1937?
A) The number of justices should be increased.
B) Congress should be able to recall judges.
C) The four conservative justices should be forced to retire.
D) The justices should be reconfirmed by the Senate every four years.
Q:
The presidential election of 1936 is most accurately seen as which of the following?
A) a reaction against and rejection of FDR's first term
B) a sign of FDR's fading popularity
C) a dramatic example of communism's appeal during the Depression
D) a tremendous vote of confidence for FDR
Q:
What was the major difference between the "First" and "Second" New Deals?
A) The "First" reflected Roosevelt's comprehensive program of social and economic revolution, whereas the "Second" was an accommodation to the conservative backlash against the "First."
B) The "First" focused on agriculture, whereas the "Second" focused on industry.
C) The "First" was more fundamentally revolutionary in its attempt at a planned economy, whereas the "Second" had a greater long-range effect on American society.
D) The "First" took a consistently Keynesian approach, whereas the "Second" harked back to the "new era."
Q:
The "Second" New Deal measure giving workers the right to bargain collectively and prohibiting employers from interfering with union organization activities in their factories was the __________ Act.
A) National Industrial Recovery
B) National Labor Relations or Wagner
C) Taft-Hartley
D) Works Progress Administration
Q:
Why did the Supreme Court declare the National Industrial Recovery Act unconstitutional in the case of Schechter v. United States in 1935?
A) The measure delegated too much legislative power to code authorities.
B) The Schechter Corporation should have been regulated since it engaged in interstate commerce.
C) The regulation of the poultry industry was traditionally a state's right.
D) The NIRA violated the Schechter Corporation's freedom of contract.