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Q:
Which critic of FDR presented a popular scheme for old-age pensions?
A) Upton Sinclair
B) Father Charles Coughlin
C) Huey P. Long
D) Dr. Francis Townsend
Q:
Who was the most formidable of the extremists opposing Roosevelt and leader of the Share Our Wealth movement?
A) Norman Thomas
B) Father Charles E. Coughlin
C) Dr. Francis E. Townsend
D) Huey P. Long
Q:
Which New Deal program provided billions of dollars for roads, stadiums, actors, writers, and artists?
A) Tennessee Valley Authority
B) National Recovery Administration
C) Civilian Conservation Corps
D) Works Progress Administration
Q:
Which of the following statements about the Federal Emergency Relief Administration is true?
A) It offered direct "handouts" to the unemployed.
B) It suspended anti-trust laws to revive business activity.
C) It offered help to Americans in disaster zones such as the Dust Bowl.
D) It included an extensive public works program throughout 1934.
Q:
Which statement describes the philosophy of the New Deal?
A) It was ideologically rigid but coherent.
B) It was single-minded in its faith in Keynesian economics.
C) It drew on Populist traditions and Theodore Roosevelt's New Nationalism.
D) It was the brainchild of university-trained intellectuals who dismissed the ideas of social workers.
Q:
Which statement about the New Deal's Tennessee Valley Authority is true?
A) It was promoted by private power companies.
B) It was short-lived and unsuccessful.
C) It became the model comprehensive regional planning organization.
D) It improved the living standards of millions of Americans.
Q:
Which of the following was perhaps the most serious weakness of the Agricultural Adjustment Act?
A) allowing destruction of crops and livestock
B) failing to assist tenant farmers and sharecroppers
C) encouraging overproduction of basic commodities
D) promoting rural migration to urban centers
Q:
How did the Agricultural Adjustment Act seek to raise farm income?
A) by restricting commodity production
B) by granting all producers cash payments
C) by increasing commodity production
D) by deregulating prices and production
Q:
Which labor organization, led by John L. Lewis, fought to organize the semi-skilled and unskilled workers in major mass production industries in the 1930s?
A) American Federation of Labor
B) Teamsters Union
C) Committee for Industrial Organization
D) Industrial Workers of the World
Q:
In the early New Deal, the National Industrial Recovery Act was supposed to __________.
A) stimulate business recovery through the partial suspension of antitrust laws
B) dismantle unions so as to overcome their chief opposition to business recovery
C) revive competition and deregulate a stifled economy
D) stimulate the economy with deliberate deficit spending and low interest rates at the Federal Reserve
Q:
The Civilian Conservation Corps was intended primarily to do which of the following?
A) Assist large manufacturers in their recycling efforts.
B) Aid western states in restoring land ruined by over-grazing.
C) Create soil conservation and reforestation jobs for unemployed young men.
D) Help farmers preserve land from erosion.
Q:
By the day of FDR's inauguration in 1933, banking operations __________.
A) had been suspended in four-fifths of the states
B) continued, despite several well-publicized failures
C) had collapsed totally throughout the country
D) remained largely unaffected by the Depression
Q:
What was at the heart of Roosevelt's New Deal?
A) decreasing the size of the federal government
B) laissez-faire economics
C) democratic socialism
D) bold, persistent experimentation
Q:
During the 1920s, Franklin D. Roosevelt's political ideas were __________.
A) shaped by his extensive study of the writings of John Maynard Keynes
B) uniformly in agreement with the socialism of Eugene Debs and Norman Thomas
C) profoundly influenced by his experience of daily contact with the poor as a social worker
D) consistent with the basic values of Coolidge prosperity
Q:
How were families of the unemployed affected by the Great Depression?
A) Grandparents tended to become more important than parents.
B) Wives' influence tended to increase.
C) Parents' authority tended to increase.
D) The birthrate increased sharply.
Q:
The Bonus Army, which came to Washington, D.C. in 1932, consisted largely of which of the following?
A) unemployed steelworkers
B) municipal, county, and state employees
C) leftwing activists
D) unemployed veterans
Q:
Why did federal immigration agents round up Mexican Americans in the early 1930s for deportation?
A) There was fear they might become dependent on public funds.
B) Anti-immigrant sentiment reached an all-time high in the Great Depression.
C) Republican officials resented their unionization efforts and socialist propaganda.
D) The Hoover administration did not want to alienate the Mexican government under its new "good neighbor" policy.
Q:
What did Herbert Hoover say in defense of balancing the budget during the Depression?
A) "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself."
B) "This nation today is closer than ever to ending poverty."
C) "Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country."
D) "Prosperity cannot be restored by raids on the public Treasury."
Q:
What was the effect of the federal government's attempt to balance the budget during the Depression?
A) It set a good example for the populace on how to live within one's means.
B) It increased federal revenue but not enough to ease suffering.
C) It made the Depression worse and put the federal government further into debt.
D) It increased consumer confidence and brought about the beginning of recovery.
Q:
Why was Herbert Hoover's response to the Great Depression inadequate?
A) It was too innovative and experimental.
B) It was based on laissez-faire economics.
C) It was a rejection of basic American values.
D) It was too rigid and uncompromising.
Q:
Which of the following was one important aspect of the way Hoover dealt with the Depression?
A) his overeagerness to use federal resources when state and local agencies complained they did not have enough resources
B) his rejection of laissez-faire economics
C) his refusal to allow federal funds to be used for direct relief for individuals
D) his willingness to force people to act in the public interest
Q:
What did President Hoover permit the Federal Farm Board to do during the Great Depression?
A) Authorize a reduction in wages and output.
B) Increase tariffs so that any excess food would be used for domestic consumption.
C) Check the rapid increase in agricultural prices.
D) Establish stabilization corporations to purchase surplus wheat and cotton.
Q:
Hoover's plans for ending the Great Depression __________.
A) might have been theoretically sound, but flexibility was needed in their implementation
B) demonstrated little faith in his power to persuade people to act in the public interest
C) showed his willingness to experiment boldly and persistently to search for solutions
D) relied too heavily on legal compulsion to succeed
Q:
Hoover's program for ending the Depression called for the federal government to do which of the following?
A) Take control of bankrupt state and local relief programs.
B) Provide direct federal relief to the unemployed.
C) Lend funds to banks and corporations on the verge of collapse.
D) Intervene actively in the economy by prohibiting manufacturers from cutting wages or laying off workers.
Q:
What was Herbert Hoover's primary response to the Great Depression?
A) Let the Depression run its own course.
B) Expand direct federal relief to the unemployed.
C) Try to restore public confidence.
D) Increase direct federal assistance for the hungry and homeless.
Q:
The economic problems causing the Great Depression came to a head mainly because of which of the following?
A) anti-business attitudes in Congress
B) overconsumption of consumer goods
C) easy-credit policies of the Federal Reserve Board
D) production shortages in basic consumer goods
Q:
The Great Depression was a worldwide phenomenon caused chiefly by which of the following?
A) excessive government regulations in the industrialized economies
B) faulty tax policies of the Hoover administration
C) illegal financial manipulations by large bankers
D) economic imbalances resulting from the chaos of the Great War
Q:
President Hoover's assurance that "the business of the country is on a sound and prosperous basis" preceded which of the following events?
A) U.S. signing of the Dawes Plan
B) stock market crash of October 1929
C) election of 1928
D) Ohio Gang scandals
Q:
The October 1929 collapse of __________ signaled the end of speculative boom.
A) Morgan Guarantee and Trust
B) Ford Motor
C) the New York Stock Exchange
D) Standard Oil
Q:
What was the primary economic weakness undermining the prosperity of the 1920s?
A) extensive fragmentation in the financial markets
B) maldistribution of resources
C) excessive government regulation
D) increasing industrial consolidation
Q:
What did President Hoover believed of direct economic aid to farmers?
A) It should have been included as part of a global plan of economic recovery.
B) It was necessary to ease the agricultural depression of the 1920s.
C) It should be opposed as a matter of principle.
D) It was compatible with traditional ideals of individualism.
Q:
What was the weakest element in the economy during the 1920s?
A) retailing
B) petroleum
C) steel
D) agriculture
Q:
What was true of large manufacturers during the twenties?
A) They continued to be attacked and broken up by the trust-busting presidents.
B) They did their best to bankrupt and destroy their competitors.
C) They used their monopolistic power to gain the maximum profit in the short run.
D) They often sought market stability through trade associations.
Q:
How did Henry Ford change not only Americans' transportation but also society?
Q:
Why did some Americans fear the changes of the decade and how did they respond?
Q:
What major social changes did the 1920s witness? Provide at least three examples
Q:
Did the United States completely isolate itself from foreign affairs in the 1920s? Explain.
Q:
Explain the key principles of the Republican administrations of Harding and Coolidge.
Q:
In retrospect, the era of the 1920s seems to be clearly a period of which of the following?
A) rapid transition during which the complex modern world was emerging
B) peace and tranquility during which Americans shared a fundamental agreement on basic values and issues
C) foolish innocence during which the major issues confronting the country were ignored
D) nostalgic retreat to the lost values of an earlier and simpler society
Q:
In May 1927, who piloted the first solo nonstop flight from New York to Paris in the Spirit of St. Louis?
A) Malcolm Lockheed
B) Wilbur Wright
C) John B. Rae
D) Charles Lindbergh
Q:
The almost simultaneous developments in airplanes and automobiles in the early twentieth century were due to the fact that both developments were stimulated by which of the following?
A) extensive research funds provided by the federal government
B) growth of consumer culture
C) necessity for new weapons in the Great War
D) invention of the internal combustion engine
Q:
Which of the following did Henry Ford believe was an important aspect in increasing output?
A) increasing wages
B) replacing humans with machines
C) innovation and new car design
D) giving workers freedom with little supervision
Q:
It would be accurate to say that Henry Ford __________.
A) realized mass production could make a car cheap enough for the average consumer
B) was one of America's greatest inventors
C) campaigned against ignorance and anti-Semitism
D) was highly popular with most Americans because of his sophistication and devotion to art
Q:
Who was most responsible for the growth of the automobile industry?
A) Frank Stearns
B) Ramson E. Olds
C) Henry Ford
D) Rudolph Diesel
Q:
During the 1920s, the __________ industry had the single most important impact on the nation's booming economy.
A) housing
B) steel
C) automobile
D) motion picture
Q:
Herbert Hoover's overwhelming victory in 1928 __________.
A) concealed a major political realignment in American cities
B) relied on the Republican dominance in the South
C) relied on voter apathy in the countryside
D) was compounded by the fact that Al Smith did even worse than Davis in 1924
Q:
Which of the following was part of the Dawes Plan?
A) Germany had to pay a reduced reparations sum of $200 million to France.
B) The United States assumed German reparations and paid them directly to France and Britain.
C) It scaled down German reparations that were set forth in the Young Plan.
D) The United States floated a $200 million loan to help Germany stabilize its currency.
Q:
What was the most important cause of prosperity during the "new era"?
A) curtailment of federal spending and reduction of the deficit
B) improved efficiency among American manufacturers
C) sound federal regulation of the economy
D) federal subsidies for basic research
Q:
What was the flourishing of black literature, theatre, and music during the twenties known as?
A) the Back to Africa Movement
B) the Cotton Club Rebellion
C) the Black Power Movement
D) the Harlem Renaissance
Q:
Why was jazz considered the music of the 1920s?
A) It emphasized structure and order at a time when many people felt their lives were out of control.
B) It required little sophistication to play or enjoy.
C) It expressed many people's desire to break with tradition and throw off conventional restraints.
D) It demonstrated the desire of many whites to understand the experiences of blacks.
Q:
Who was the leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association who used the slogan "Back to Africa"?
A) Marcus Garvey
B) W. E. B. Du Bois
C) Booker T. Washington
D) Langston Hughes
Q:
During the 1920s black Americans experienced which of the following?
A) increasing union membership
B) decreasing militancy and activism
C) discrimination and concentration in northern ghettos
D) optimism based on gains in civil rights
Q:
Probably America's most popular novelist of the 1920s, __________ satirized contemporary society in Main Street.
A) H. L. Mencken
B) Sinclair Lewis
C) Ernest Hemingway
D) F. Scott Fitzgerald
Q:
President Calvin Coolidge publicly likened factories to which of the following?
A) temples
B) homes
C) schools
D) prisons
Q:
Which of the following best describes the Democratic Convention of 1924?
A) After several rounds of voting, the party decided on the Catholic New York Governor Al Smith.
B) Due to his strong connections to the party leadership, Wilson's former Secretary of the Treasury William G. McAdoo won the nomination handily.
C) In the hopes of peeling off Republican voters, Democrats chose the cousin of Republican hero Theodore RooseveltFranklin D. Roosevelt.
D) The badly divided party took 103 votes and days of dealing and politicking to agree on corporate lawyer John W. Davis.
Q:
Despite many strengths, Herbert Hoover's weakness as a Republican candidate in 1928 was which of the following?
A) his lack of experience in elective office
B) his painfully old-fashioned approach to capital and labor
C) his modest upbringing in Iowa and Oregon
D) his lack of business experience and familiarity with international affairs
Q:
Who was the author of The Great Gatsby?
A) Ezra Pound
B) Carl Sandburg
C) F. Scott Fitzgerald
D) Ernest Hemingway
Q:
The Sacco-Vanzetti case that inspired many intellectuals demonstrated that American justice had little sympathy towards which of the following?
A) religious fundamentalism
B) radicals and immigrants
C) Roman Catholics
D) unemployed artists
Q:
The literature of the 1920s reflected which of the following?
A) the hopeful experimentation of the progressives
B) the disillusionment of the intellectuals
C) the romantic innocence of an earlier age
D) the liberal faith in the basic goodness and reasonableness of people
Q:
What was a major factor in the rise of the Ku Klux Klan in the late 1920s?
A) a distrust of foreigners, Catholics, blacks, and Jews
B) a surge in socialist and union activism
C) an increase in black civil rights activism in the South
D) an increase in ethnically and racially mixed marriages
Q:
The Teapot Dome scandal involved which of the following?
A) the illegal leasing of government-owned oil-rich properties in Wyoming to private companies
B) an illegal mining operation in a National Park in Wyoming
C) an elaborate cover-up of one of Harding's extramarital affair
D) the private misappropriation of government funds meant for the construction of veterans hospitals
Q:
Which of the following was the most horrible response to change?
A) the campaign for birth control
B) the intimidation of the red scare
C) the hypocrisy of Prohibition
D) the revival of the Ku Klux Klan
Q:
Which of the following statements about Secretary of State Andrew Mellon is true?
A) He introduced the inheritance tax.
B) He grew the economy by running a federal deficit and enlarging the federal debt.
C) He reduced the tax rates of those with incomes under $66,000 to increase mass consumption.
D) He lowered the taxes for the very rich in the hope that they would invest in productive enterprises.
Q:
Why was Prohibition a typical progressive reform?
A) It was strongly supported in rural America.
B) It was favored by German and Italian immigrants.
C) It was backed by the working class.
D) It was designed to frustrate "the interests."
Q:
The Prohibition movement was most strongly supported by __________ Americans.
A) rural
B) immigrant
C) working-class
D) Catholic
Q:
The 1925 Dayton, Tennessee, "Monkey Trial" dealt with which of the following?
A) promoting free speech
B) limiting freedom of religion
C) halting cruelty to animals
D) teaching evolution in public schools
Q:
Under the Harding and Coolidge administrations, agencies like the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Federal Reserve Board __________.
A) were run by the most qualified managers since the days of Theodore Roosevelt
B) became aggressive in their regulations and governed with an iron fist
C) virtually ceased to restrict the activities of the industries they were supposed to govern
D) had support from the president but could not get staffed because a Democratic Congress stalled appointments
Q:
Which popular politician was the greatest asset of religious fundamentalists campaigning against the teaching of Darwin's theory of evolution in the schools?
A) William Jennings Bryan
B) Warren G. Harding
C) Charles Evans Hughes
D) Theodore Roosevelt
Q:
Urban-rural tensions of the twenties produced a resurgence of which of the following?
A) nostalgia for Old World values
B) religious fundamentalism
C) agrarian radicalism
D) urban progressivism
Q:
How did many rural Americans in the 1920s think of the new city-oriented culture?
A) as encouraging people to turn to Christianity
B) as being blighted by sin and materialism
C) as supporting their attempts to preserve traditional values
D) as providing good jobs and economic mobility for their children
Q:
Who transformed baseball during the 1920s with his hitting prowess, and became known as the "Sultan of Swat"?
A) Babe Ruth
B) Christy Mathewson
C) Lou Gehrig
D) Cy Young
Q:
Which statement about the Stimson Doctrine is true?
A) It determined that the United States was committed to minimizing the military power of Germany.
B) It stated that the United States would never recognize the legality of any seizures in violation of American treaties.
C) It made it mandatory for the U.S. Senate to appeal to the League of Nations in a case of illegal seizures.
D) It made military intervention mandatory whenever a U.S. ally came under attack.
Q:
What did Herbert Hoover respond when China asked for the United States to assist against Japan's capture of Manchuria?
A) Japan was a superior race and deserved new territory.
B) The League of Nations was more than capable of handling this international crisis.
C) China could count on U.S. assistance as long as that nation could promise to abstain from Communism.
D) The United States was not a world policeman and the Nine-Power Treaty was solely a moral instrument.
Q:
Which of the following best describes Herbert Hoover's take on Wilsonian foreign policy?
A) He thought little of his predecessor's condescending moralism.
B) As a former member of the Democratic predecessor's administration, he had much respect for Wilson's foreign policy.
C) He chose to follow a good neighbor policy in foreign affairs rather than try to teach other nations.
D) He considered his predecessor's foreign policy ruthless and cruel.
Q:
What prompted French Foreign Minister Aristide Briand to initiate the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928?
A) his interest in the United States as a result of his marriage to a New York heiress
B) his conviction that France and the United States ought to sustain their historic friendship
C) his desire to gather allies in protection against a resurgent Germany
D) his mistrust of the United States and its expansive new naval program
Q:
What made The Jazz Singer an important movie?
A) It was the first movie that offered leading roles to African Americans.
B) It was the first movie that handled questions of gender equality with post-Victorian sensitivity.
C) It first exposed a national audience to a new form of music.
D) It was the first movie with sound, marking the beginning of a new era in movie technology.
Q:
The 1920s saw immense changes in popular culture because of which two new technologies?
A) telephones and telegraphs
B) phonographs and televisions
C) motion pictures and radios
D) microphones and typewriters
Q:
Who, in the 1920s, led the campaign for an equal rights amendment to the Constitution?
A) Gertrude Ederle
B) Edna St. Vincent Millay
C) Margaret Sanger
D) Alice Paul
Q:
After winning the vote, most women in the 1920s did which of the following?
A) made major social and economic gains
B) eliminated the double standard
C) lost interest in agitating for change
D) became actively involved in electoral politics
Q:
Which of the following is true of those considered "social feminists" in the 1920s?
A) They were entirely focused on passing the Equal Rights Amendment.
B) They sought protective legislation for working women.
C) They were led by Alice Paul.
D) They fought doggedly for the liberalization of birth control.