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Q:
At the turn of the twentieth century, the so-called Boxer Rebellion took place in which country?
A) Japan
B) China
C) the Philippines
D) Cuba
Q:
What did the Open Door policy ask?
A) It requested China to grant the United States exclusive and unrestricted access to its markets.
B) It demanded China open negotiations over which the European empire would obtain exclusive trading rights.
C) It asked European empires to respect all nation's trading rights in China.
D) It asked European empires to abandon their trade relations in China by the end of the century.
Q:
The Open Door policy attempted to preserve the chances for American business to enter which markets?
A) Indian
B) Japanase
C) Central American
D) Chinese
Q:
Who was the principle architect of America's Open Door policy?
A) John Hay
B) Alfred Thayer Mahan
C) Richard Olney
D) Theodore Roosevelt
Q:
When Venezuela refused to honor debts to European nations and Britain and Germany imposed a naval blockade of that country, the United States __________.
A) joined the military powers to secure its debts as well
B) pressured Europeans to arbitrate the dispute
C) threatened the Europeans with war if they were not to withdraw their navies
D) provided secret assistance and military supplies to its Central American ally
Q:
Early in the twentieth century, the United States announced that it must "exercise . . . an international police power" in the Western Hemisphere in which of the following?
A) Teller Amendment
B) Platt Amendment
C) "Open Door" policy
D) Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
Q:
Which of the following occurred under the Platt Amendment?
A) America promised it would not acquire the Philippines as a result of the Spanish-American War.
B) Cuba was forced to promise to grant naval bases to America and to avoid treaties with any foreign power which might compromise its independence.
C) America promised to grant independence to the Philippines by 1925.
D) Cuba promised to allow American businesses to do as they wished.
Q:
In 1900, the United States insisted that the constitution of __________ grant America naval bases and authorize American intervention whenever necessary to protect life, property, and individual liberty.
A) the Philippines
B) Puerto Rico
C) Cuba
D) Panama
Q:
What was the Supreme Court ruling in what become known as the "insular cases"?
A) Congress was not bound to follow the Constitution in legislating for colonies.
B) Colonies could never become states.
C) Congress must follow the Constitution when legislating for colonies.
D) Annexation of the Philippines was unconstitutional.
Q:
When America refused to withdraw its armed forces, the Filipinos __________.
A) demanded to be included in the treaty negotiations
B) appealed to the Spanish for military aid
C) sent a special delegation to tour America and appeal directly to the people
D) launched a guerilla war against the American forces
Q:
Why did some anti-imperialists objected to annexing the Philippines?
A) It would increase the power of the Democrats in Congress.
B) It would limit immigration from Asia.
C) It would violate the constitution if the territory could not acquire statehood.
D) It would increase the power of the Republicans in Congress.
Q:
Expansionists who wished to annex the Philippines seemed most interested in which of the following?
A) establishing the Philippines as the gateway to Asian markets
B) extending constitutional rights to the inhabitants
C) preserving the integrity of the Open Door policy
D) spreading democracy and Christianity to "uncivilized" peoples
Q:
After the Spanish-American War, heated debates raged over the imperialism of annexing which of the following?
A) Cuba
B) the Philippine Islands
C) Puerto Rico
D) the Dominican Republic
Q:
Theodore Roosevelt formed a volunteer unit, the "Rough Riders," and participated in storming which of the following?
A) Manila Bay
B) Havana
C) Kettle Hill
D) San Juan Hill
Q:
In the first battle of the Spanish-American War, Commodore George Dewey __________.
A) routed the Spanish fleet in Havana harbor and blockaded Cuba
B) devastated the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay
C) raided Havana and kidnapped Spanish General Valeriano Weyler
D) was humiliated in a surprise attack by the Spanish navy
Q:
Who was the leader of the Filipino nationalist forces during the 1890s?
A) Depuy de Lme
B) Emilio Aguinaldo
C) Valeriano Weyler
D) Calixto Garcia
Q:
Around the same time McKinley was sending a war message to Congress, __________.
A) the Spanish ordered troops to sink the Maine, and the Cubans begged the Spanish and the Americans to end hostilities
B) the Cubans called for a ceasefire and sent a message to Congress in hopes of adverting an all-out war
C) Cuban nationalists were negotiating a surrender
D) Cubans began insisting on complete independence even as the Spanish agreed to end the fight
Q:
Why had President William McKinley sent the U.S.S. Maine to the port of Havana?
A) The crew was supposed to investigate a suspicion explosion in the port.
B) The United States had declared war against Spain, and the Maine was delivering the first troops to the battlefield.
C) The Maine was on a humanitarian mission to evacuate Cuban revolutionaries.
D) McKinley sent the battleship to Havana to provide protection for American citizens there.
Q:
Faced with public clamor for war with Spain, McKinley __________.
A) played upon and increased the war fever by his irresponsible statements
B) caved in to pressures from Wall Street investors who wanted war
C) refused to panic, but reluctantly and hesitantly sent Congress a war message
D) refused to send a declaration of war to Congress, which declared war on its own
Q:
The major issue in the Spanish-American War was the independence of which country?
A) Venezuela
B) Cuba
C) Spain
D) Haiti
Q:
Before the Spanish-American War, both Hearst's New York Journal and Pulitzer's New York World tried to increase circulation by doing which of the following?
A) denouncing McKinley's imperialism
B) publishing tales of Cuban atrocities
C) decrying British interference in the Caribbean
D) publishing tales of Spanish atrocities
Q:
The conclusion of the border dispute between Great Britain and Venezuela __________.
A) led to the dangerous illusion that Americans could achieve their foreign policy with threat and bluster
B) first raised the issue of American oil dependency and marked the beginning of hostile relations between the United States and Venezuela
C) deteriorated an already fragile friendship between the United States and Great Britain which did not rekindle until World War I
D) posed a dangerous challenge to the Monroe Doctrine and ultimately forced President Roosevelt to demonstrate military might with a tour of the nation's "White Fleet"
Q:
In the 1890s an angry dispute erupted between the United States and Great Britain over which of the following?
A) the boundary between Venezuela and British Guiana
B) seal hunting in the Bering Sea
C) British occupation of the port of Corinto, Nicaragua
D) the boundary between Argentina and British Guiana
Q:
Americans had stronger reasons for extending their influence in Latin America rather than in the Pacific because they __________.
A) feared they would be shut off from Latin American markets by European imperialism
B) were accustomed to protecting American interests in Latin America under the Monroe Doctrine
C) saw a greater need to bring Christianity to the inhabitants
D) had much smaller economic interests in Latin America
Q:
What was President Cleveland's reaction to the possibility of annexing Hawaii?
A) Withdraw the treaty annexing Hawaii from the Senate, but refuse to oust the American revolutionaries by force.
B) Send the army and navy to guarantee American control of the islands.
C) Withdraw the treaty annexing Hawaii from the Senate and use force to oust the American revolutionaries.
D) Negotiate a treaty annexing Hawaii but fail to push it through the Republican-dominated Senate.
Q:
From 1893 to 1898, American expansionists tried to annex which of the following?
A) the Virgin Islands
B) the Philippines
C) the Dominican Republic
D) the Hawaiian Islands
Q:
After the Civil War, America extended its overseas influence and empire in which areas?
A) the Middle East and Europe
B) the Near East and Australia
C) the Pacific and Latin America
D) the Middle East and Africa
Q:
Which of the following best describes Queen Liliuokalani?
A) radical communist
B) determined nationalist
C) resolute advocate of democracy
D) ardent socialist
Q:
Queen Liliuokalani's "Hawaii for Hawaiians" movement led to which of the following?
A) immediate annexation by the United States
B) American support for self-determination for Hawaiians
C) establishment of a constitutional monarchy
D) an American-led coup and the abolition of the monarchy
Q:
Alfred Thayer Mahan argued in the 1890s that national security and prosperity rested on a powerful __________.
A) economy
B) Congress
C) president
D) navy
Q:
One reason for the growing support for an overseas empire among Americans after the Civil War was the desire to __________.
A) carry out God's will to spread the virtues of the Anglo-Saxon race beyond North America
B) establish a colonial empire before the major European powers were able to do so
C) create "infant industries" overseas to exploit the cheap labor
D) establish a series of colonies to which the former slaves could be sent
Q:
President Grant tried and failed to convince Congress to do which of the following?
A) annex the Dominican Republic
B) make a gentlemen's agreement with Japan
C) purchase the Panama Canal
D) restore the defense budget to 1863 levels
Q:
Who was the aggressive secretary of state who instigated the purchase of Alaska and pushed his expansionist policies?
A) Josiah Strong
B) John Fiske
C) Henry Cabot Lodge
D) William H. Seward
Q:
In 1867, the United States purchased __________.
A) the Bering Straits from England
B) the Aleuts from France
C) Alaska from Russia
D) Cuba from Spain
Q:
Why did the United States move 50,000 soldiers to the Rio Grande in 1866?
A) The Johnson administration was worried that Mexican Revolution might spill over to the United States.
B) Confederate rebels had unleashed a torrent of violence on freedmen in the region, and the Union Army was supposed to quell this uprising.
C) The United States was pressuring France to withdraw from Mexico.
D) The Union Army was trying to block former Confederates from fleeing across the Mexican border.
Q:
Because of theAlabama claims of 1871, the British paid the United States $15.5 million for which of the following?
A) land seized in Alabama by Canadians
B) American sailors impressed during the Napoleonic Wars
C) Native American attacks on Southern frontier settlements
D) American ships sunk by Confederate cruisers built in England
Q:
American attitudes toward Europe in the late nineteenth century were characterized by which of the following?
A) veneration for Europe as the center of learning and fine art
B) suspicion of European society as decadent and aristocratic
C) envy of European imperialism
D) the belief that America was basically an extension of Europe
Q:
What was most Americans' attitude toward foreign affairs after the Civil War?
A) They wanted America to become a military ally of England.
B) They condemned imperialism and interference in other nations' affairs by all nations as immoral and undemocratic.
C) They gave little thought to foreign affairs.
D) They realized that the Monroe Doctrine was undemocratic.
Q:
How did Woodrow Wilson's progressivism differ from that offered in Theodore Roosevelt's program of New Nationalism?
Q:
What caused the breakup of the Republican Party during the Taft administration?
Q:
Explain President Theodore Roosevelt's approach toward trusts.
Q:
Explain how progressives sought to reform state government.
Q:
What were the roots of the progressive movement in the late nineteenth century?
Q:
Which statement about the progressives' reaction to black militancy is correct?
A) Theodore Roosevelt was a founding member of the NAACP.
B) Woodrow Wilson was actively hostile to blacks.
C) Theodore Roosevelt believed that justice for blacks in the South would come only by federal intervention.
D) Woodrow Wilson sponsored the first significant civil rights legislation since Reconstruction.
Q:
Which organization was formed in 1909 by a group of liberal whites and blacks to eradicate racial discrimination?
A) Southern Christian Leadership Conference
B) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
C) Urban League
D) Congress of Racial Equality
Q:
Who was W. E. B. Du Bois referring to when he said: "He belittles the emasculating effects of caste distinctions, and opposes the higher training and ambitions of our brightest minds"?
A) Frederick Douglass
B) Marcus Garvey
C) Booker T. Washington
D) Carter G. Woodson
Q:
Who was one of the most prominent black militants of the Progressive Era?
A) Booker T. Washington
B) W. E. B. Du Bois
C) Oswald Garrison Villard
D) William English Walling
Q:
When it came to nonwhites, white progressives tended to be which of the following?
A) firm defenders of their civil rights
B) strongly prejudiced against them
C) advocates of special job and welfare programs for them
D) indifferent and unconcerned about them
Q:
What happened to Wilson's New Freedom once he was president?
A) The differences between the New Freedom and the New Nationalism tended to disappear in practice.
B) Wilson insisted upon enacting it in a rigid and doctrinaire way.
C) Wilson was so poor a politician that he was unable to persuade Congress to pass any legislation he wanted.
D) The differences between the New Freedom and the New Nationalism became more stark.
Q:
In his first term as president, Woodrow Wilson __________.
A) used his power imaginatively and aggressively
B) courageously fought against racial segregation
C) failed to achieve most of his goals because of congressional opposition
D) was an inept and uninspiring leader
Q:
As part of the New Freedom, the Clayton Antitrust Act prohibited both price discrimination, which encouraged monopolies, and __________, created to control competition.
A) interlocking directorates
B) stock option issues
C) unregulated bond issues
D) holding companies
Q:
When it was passed in 1913, the Federal Reserve Act __________.
A) gave the country a central banking system for the first time since Andrew Jackson
B) centralized and democratized the federal banking system
C) pinned America to the gold standard for the first time
D) immediately weakened the power of the great New York banks
Q:
Who of the following was the most critical of laissez-faire economics?
A) Theodore Roosevelt
B) William H. Taft
C) Woodrow Wilson
D) J. P. Morgan
Q:
Woodrow Wilson's 1912 platform included __________.
A) political centralization
B) close economic integration
C) strict regulation and control of corporations
D) restoration of competition
Q:
What was the program advocated by Woodrow Wilson called?
A) New Nationalism
B) Square Deal
C) Fair Deal
D) New Freedom
Q:
In 1912 the breakup of the Republican Party produced an independent third party, the Progressives, led by __________.
A) Louis Brandeis
B) William Howard Taft
C) Albert J. Beveridge
D) Theodore Roosevelt
Q:
What prompted the final break between former President Theodore Roosevelt and his successor William Howard Taft?
A) the antitrust suit against U.S. Steel
B) the Ballinger-Pinchot controversy
C) Taft's failure to respond to the Trial factory fire
D) the antitrust suit against the Northern Securities Company
Q:
Which politician advocated a New Nationalism?
A) Theodore Roosevelt
B) William Howard Taft
C) Robert La Follette
D) Woodrow Wilson
Q:
Taft got into political hot water in the 1910 Ballinger-Pinchot controversy, which dealt with which of the following?
A) railroad legislation
B) life-insurance scandals
C) conservation
D) adulterated food
Q:
What was Taft's major liability as president?
A) His sweeping use of executive power.
B) His total reversal of Roosevelt's major policies.
C) His impetuous, aggressive, and spiteful personality.
D) His excessive weight.
Q:
Theodore Roosevelt appointed William Howard Taft to which position?
A) president of the United States
B) vice president of the United States
C) governor of the Philippines
D) secretary of war
Q:
During his second term, when the progressive movement became steadily more liberal, Theodore Roosevelt __________.
A) criticized it as socialistic
B) refused to advance beyond his earlier moderate reforms
C) also took more liberal positions
D) flirted with socialism
Q:
Why did the Pure Food and Drug Act pass Congress without difficulty?
A) It came on the heels of the Meat Inspection Act.
B) Roosevelt was as popular among Democrats as he was among Republicans.
C) Roosevelt threatened the public release of The Jungle if Congress did not comply.
D) The nation's meatpackers had lobbied for it in order to restore public trust in them.
Q:
Upton Sinclair's novel The Jungle exposed __________.
A) filthy conditions in Chicago slaughterhouses
B) corruption in Philadelphia's police department
C) insider manipulations in the stock market
D) bribery and fraud in Boston elections
Q:
What was the primary result of the 1906 Hepburn Act?
A) It prohibited child labor in goods sold in interstate commerce.
B) It made the Federal Food and Drug Administration more powerful and active.
C) It preserved millions of wilderness acres in the West.
D) It made the Interstate Commerce Commission more effective.
Q:
Theodore Roosevelt described his progressive program as a(n) __________ deal.
A) square
B) raw
C) new
D) honest
Q:
Which of the following best describes the relationship between President Theodore Roosevelt and the chairman of the board of U.S. Steel?
A) intimate
B) hostile
C) corrupt
D) a gentlemen's agreement
Q:
How did Roosevelt react to the creation of the Northern Securities Company?
A) by suing to have it dissolved under the Sherman Antitrust Act
B) by summoning J. P. Morgan and James J. Hill to the White House for a tongue-lashing
C) by threatening to nationalize the railroads involved unless they voluntarily dissolved their merger
D) by hailing it as an example of responsible behavior by big business
Q:
Theodore Roosevelt believed that the most effective means of dealing with big corporations was to __________.
A) rely on the laws of supply and demand
B) nationalize basic industries
C) regulate rather than eliminate them
D) take a hands-off approach
Q:
Compared to his successors from Hayes to McKinley, how was Theodore Roosevelt different?
A) He was dignified, soft-spoken, and passive.
B) He was energetic, aggressive, and outspoken.
C) He was uneducated, reticent, and impetuous.
D) He was sensitive, predictable, and apathetic.
Q:
One of the suffragists' more successful justifications was the "purity" argument, which stated which of the following?
A) Women's moral superiority would clean up politics if they were given the vote.
B) Because women were no more pure or impure than men, they had nothing to lose by voting.
C) Women must first purify politics through religion, then they should get the vote.
D) Women's moral superiority would be endangered by voting unless illiterate blacks and immigrants were disfranchised.
Q:
States that did not have woman suffrage by 1914 and opposed the Nineteenth Amendment in the House of Representatives tended to be located in which area?
A) the South
B) the Midwest
C) the North
D) the far West
Q:
Late-nineteenth-century feminists were handicapped in their campaign for woman suffrage by which of the following?
A) strong opposition in western states
B) their demand for an equal rights amendment and an equal pay provision
C) the Victorian notion that women were pure guardians of home and family
D) their support for equal pay for equal work
Q:
On the national level, the Progressive Era saw the completion of the struggle for which of the following?
A) unemployment insurance
B) black voting rights
C) old age and survivor's insurance
D) woman suffrage
Q:
On what grounds did Louis Brandeis defend the ten-hour work limit for female laundry workers in the case of Muller v. Oregon in 1908?
A) Women had the same rights as men.
B) Employers had the responsibility to guard their workers' health and safety.
C) Sociological evidence suggested that women were different and required special protections.
D) Oregon's laundry workers needed special protection to keep out cheap Chinese competition.
Q:
Headed by Florence Kelley and associated with lawyer Louis Brandeis, the most effective women's organization of the Progressive Era was the __________.
A) Consumers' League
B) Women's Trade Union League
C) League of Women Voters
D) National American Woman Suffrage Association
Q:
Which of the following disasters inspired legislation protecting workers against on-the-job accidents?
A) Iroquois Theater fire
B) Hormel Packinghouse collapse
C) Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
D) San Francisco earthquake and fire
Q:
Robert La Follette was particularly associated with which of the following?
A) muckraking journalism and character assassination of leading businessmen
B) municipal socialism and labor organizing
C) prohibitions on selling alcohol and tobacco
D) promotion of specialized technical knowledge to promote progressive reform
Q:
Which state was considered the banner "progressive" state during the early years of the twentieth century?
A) New York
B) California
C) Wisconsin
D) Massachusetts
Q:
Which of the following was true of Russian immigrant Emma Goldman?
A) She strongly opposed birth control.
B) She lived and died in almost total obscurity.
C) She was careful to avoid arrest for her activities.
D) She sought basic changes in bourgeois society.