Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
History & Theory
Q:
The city manager plan is best described as __________.
A) an expansion of local democracy
B) a way to prevent professional managers from taking over government
C) a tool Southern cities used to keep African Americans out of power
D) an urban reform designed to administer city affairs in a nonpartisan manner
Q:
What did Seth Low and "Golden Rule" Jones have in common?
A) They were both prosecuted for graft by progressive reformers.
B) They both provided the radical labor movement with important leadership.
C) They both were progressive mayors targeting corruption.
D) They both shocked the national public with their muckraking exposs.
Q:
Where did progressives attempt their first political reforms?
A) in the Senate
B) in cities
C) in the South
D) in the House of Representatives
Q:
How did the theories of Sigmund Freud affect the ideas and behavior of progressive intellectuals?
A) They were especially influenced by Freud's essentially dark view of human nature.
B) They strongly agreed with his view that almost all human behavior was determined by an individual's genetic inheritance.
C) They agreed with him that eternal archetypes were the fundamental factors in understanding psychology.
D) They often used Freud's ideas as an excuse to reject Victorian prudery.
Q:
Robert Henri and George Luks are best described as __________.
A) progressive realists
B) muckrakers
C) Ashcan artists
D) corporate stalwarts.
Q:
Progressive reformers tended to believe which of the following?
A) that social evils were due to human sinfulness
B) that social evils were due to human weakness
C) that the solution to social problems was to change faulty institutions
D) that social evils were God's ways of testing his people
Q:
What did Theodore Roosevelt call the progressive-era journalists who investigated corruption and fraud in American business and politics?
A) muckrakers
B) yellow journalists
C) paper tigers
D) whistle blowers
Q:
Which of the following was a leading magazine editor and crusading reformer of the early twentieth century?
A) Eugene V. Debs
B) S. S. McClure
C) Theodore Roosevelt
D) E. A. Ross
Q:
The work of muckrakers at the turn of the century suggested which of the following?
A) Only the middle class upheld national principles and morality.
B) There was something fundamentally immoral about many Americans.
C) It was workers who maintained the nation's virtue and integrity only.
D) The nation was built on sound morals that reverberated through its institutions.
Q:
Why were many in the middle class attracted to progressive reforms?
A) They sought to join conservative business forces in their triumph over working-class socialism.
B) They feared that their sense of personal importance and ambitions were undermined by aggressive labor unions.
C) They could make a pragmatic alliance with the "new" urban immigrants who were the backbone of new militant labor unions.
D) They approved of the intellectual currents behind progressivism.
Q:
Which of the following was a major economic development between 1897 and 1904?
A) the devaluation of the dollar
B) the acceleration of the tendency toward industrial concentration
C) the successful unionization of basic industries such as steel
D) the major depression brought on by Cleveland's tight money policies
Q:
One of the roots of progressivism was the late-nineteenth-century __________.
A) effort to regulate and control big business
B) decline in immigration
C) attempt to build an overseas empire
D) harmony between management and labor
Q:
Which statement about progressives is true?
A) They challenged the fundamental principles of capitalism.
B) They were a totally brand-new movement.
C) They were never a single group seeking a single objective.
D) They were united in their vision of how to reform America.
Q:
Explain the role currency politics played in the election of 1896.
Q:
Why did the Populist movement rise up in the later 1880s?
Q:
Were city bosses serving the community or exploiting them? Explain.
Q:
Why did Booker T. Washington propose a compromise at the Atlanta Exposition in 1896?
Q:
Describe the state of national politics between 1876 and 1896.
Q:
McKinley won the election by carrying states in which areas?
A) South, Great Plains, and Rocky Mountains
B) Midwest, Great Plains, and Pacific Coast
C) East, Midwest, and Pacific Coast
D) South, Midwest, and Great Plains
Q:
How did McKinley and Bryan differ in the election of 1896?
A) Bryan was pragmatic, whereas McKinley was an uncompromising idealist.
B) McKinley looked toward the past, whereas Bryan welcomed a revolutionary new century.
C) Bryan's approach was parochial, whereas McKinley's was national.
D) Bryan's approach was rational, whereas McKinley's was patriotic.
Q:
What eased the structural weakness of the gold standard and weakened the argument of inflationists?
A) new gold discoveries in Alaska and South Africa
B) the creation of the Federal Reserve System in 1913
C) the assassination of William McKinley
D) the demise of the British pound on the eve of World War I
Q:
McKinley's campaign manager Marcus Hanna __________.
A) rejected party organization
B) allowed McKinley to run his own campaign
C) relied almost exclusively on small donations from individuals
D) blanketed the country with campaign literature
Q:
In the election of 1896, McKinley's campaign manager, __________, raised an enormous campaign fund from business.
A) James G. Blaine
B) Marcus Alonzo Hanna
C) Arthur Sewall
D) Andrew Carnegie
Q:
William Jennings Bryan discarded tradition in 1896 by doing which of the following?
A) conducting a "front porch" campaign for visiting delegations
B) traveling throughout the country giving hundreds of speeches
C) spending millions of dollars on advertising
D) selecting a third-party candidate as his running mate
Q:
What was the main issue propounded by candidate William Jennings Bryan in the election of 1896?
A) the proposal to coin both silver and gold
B) his desire to have the government print more greenbacks
C) changing policy so that the Treasury only coined gold
D) the removal of all trade barriers and protective tariffs
Q:
What was the central point of William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold" speech?
A) The gold standard was in keeping with the Bible.
B) A gold standard demanded undue sacrifices from Americans.
C) The monetization of silver violated Christian principles.
D) McKinley's currency policy put the nation's economy at a crossroads.
Q:
Which of the following occurred in early 1895, when the Treasury's gold reserves reached a desperately low point?
A) President Cleveland devalued the dollar.
B) President Cleveland ordered twenty million dollars worth of silver dollars coined even though this caused significant inflation.
C) President Cleveland took the country off the gold standard.
D) A banking syndicate headed by J. P. Morgan underwrote a new bond issue and saved the government from bankruptcy.
Q:
Which small-town businessman led an "army" of the unemployed on a march to Washington, D.C. in 1894?
A) Jacob Coxey
B) Eugene Debs
C) Terence Powderly
D) George Pullman
Q:
During 1894 and 1895, at the beginning of Grover Cleveland's presidency, the economy __________.
A) floundered in one of the worst depressions in American history
B) was devastated by double-digit inflation
C) surged forward, bringing unrivaled prosperity to all sectors of the economy
D) finally stabilized after a decade of turbulence
Q:
What did the Coinage Act of 1873 do?
A) monetized silver
B) demonetized silver
C) demonized silver
D) restored the gold standard
Q:
The debate over the coinage of silver in the late nineteenth century was __________.
A) superficial because the key question was halting the inflationary spiral of the economy
B) a smokescreen created by Wall Street bankers to distract the public from their financial manipulations
C) superficial because the key question was halting the deflationary spiral of the economy
D) the key issue to understanding the floundering of the economy in these years
Q:
After the election of 1892, it became clear that __________ was of utmost interest to voters.
A) workers' rights to unionize
B) the coinage of silver
C) civil service reform
D) black voting rights
Q:
Southern black Populists often joined which organization?
A) Grange
B) Southern Alliance
C) Farmers Union
D) Colored Farmers' Alliance
Q:
Which Minnesota Populist saw himself as an authority on Shakespeare, economics, and science?
A) Ignatius Donnelly
B) "Sockless" Jerry Simpson
C) Tom Watson
D) William A. Peffer
Q:
National ownership of the railroads, unlimited coinage of silver, and the creation of a "subtreasury" were all a part of which party's platform?
A) Populists in 1892
B) Democrats in 1884
C) Republicans in 1896
D) Mugwumps in 1870
Q:
How did Populist Party members see themselves?
A) as a victimized majority betrayed by the establishment
B) as rural revolutionaries
C) as a persecuted minority
D) as masses of downtrodden workers.
Q:
The platform of the People's or Populist Party called for which of the following?
A) a guaranteed price for wheat
B) a high tariff on farm produce
C) a graduated income tax
D) a social security plan
Q:
Which of the following is true about Populist presidential nominee James B. Weaver?
A) He had fought for the Confederacy with Kentucky regulars.
B) He was the first presidential nominee from a state west of the Mississippi.
C) His unrelenting race-baiting endeared him to poor Southern whites but alienated African Americans.
D) Like so many of the presidential candidates in the late nineteenth century, he had been a general in the Union Army during the Civil War.
Q:
The Populist movement emerged from which earlier group?
A) Farmers Union
B) Farm Bureau
C) Knights of Labor
D) Farmers' Alliance
Q:
In the late 1880s the Farmers' Alliance established cooperatives in order to __________.
A) buy fertilizer and other supplies at lower prices
B) get loans from banks
C) market their crops abroad
D) overcome the red tape that plagued agriculture
Q:
Throughout the mid-1880s farmers on the Plains experienced which of the following?
A) excellent harvests, but abysmally low wheat prices
B) disastrous crop destruction from grasshoppers and hail storms
C) bountiful harvests and high wheat prices
D) severe drought and dustbowl conditions
Q:
The vacuity of American politics in the late nineteenth century may have stemmed from which of the following?
A) the simmering class conflict which politicians could not face
B) the inability to deal with foreign threats
C) the prevailing sectional and political harmony
D) the complacency of the middle-class majority
Q:
Why did many urban reformers resent the boss system?
A) It led to increased taxes for public services.
B) It promoted civil service reform.
C) It gave political power to poor immigrants.
D) It encouraged gambling and prostitution.
Q:
William Marcy Tweed was known for which of the following?
A) his assassination attempt on President James Garfield
B) his leadership of the Populist Party
C) his innovation in political organizing within the Republican Party
D) his control of government in New York City
Q:
Big-city bosses inadvertently played a major part in which of the following?
A) developing labor unions
B) causing revolutionary activities among their followers
C) creating slums
D) Americanizing immigrants
Q:
What led to the emergence of big-city political bosses and their machines in the late nineteenth century?
A) Catholic church leaders sought their protection.
B) Most immigrants knew little about democracy.
C) Protestant churches sought to use them to clean up city governments.
D) Factory owners encouraged them.
Q:
How did southern whites respond to the changing living standards of southern blacks between 1865 and 1900?
A) The increasing poverty of blacks filled whites with glee.
B) The stagnation in peonage of blacks went completely unnoticed by whites.
C) The considerably improved living standards of blacks made whites angry and vindictive.
D) The rise to near economic equality of blacks made whites jealous and depressed.
Q:
Which black militant founded the Afro-American League and called on blacks to use violence when attacked by whites?
A) John Marshall Harlan
B) T. Thomas Fortune
C) James Bryce
D) W. E. B. Du Bois
Q:
The doctrine of "separate but equal" facilities was handed down by the Supreme Court in which of the following?
A) Hall v. De Cuir
B) Plessy v. Ferguson
C) the Civil Rights Cases
D) Munn v. Illinois
Q:
What was the opinion of Justice John Marshall Harlan in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson?
A) .Segregation is a legacy of slavery and inconsistent with the Constitution.
B) Two socially disparate races should not be forced together, but separated by the Constitution.
C) The Supreme Court had no jurisdiction over state matters of racial customs.
D) Congress had the responsibility to segregate different races so as to avoid legal conflicts.
Q:
Blacks in the South were not totally disfranchised or segregated until __________.
A) Cleveland gave his approval in 1887
B) southern states enacted literacy tests and poll taxes in the 1890s
C) Radical Reconstruction ended in 1877
D) the Supreme Court struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875
Q:
What was President Benjamin Harrison noted for?
A) His strong advocacy of free trade.
B) His hard work for civil service reform.
C) His flamboyant waving of the "bloody shirt."
D) His resistance to the demands for increased veterans' pensions.
Q:
The presidential election of 1884 focused mostly on which of the following?
A) personal issues of character.
B) tariffs and foreign trade issues.
C) currency questions and the resumption of the gold standard..
D) land policy, agrarian development, and pension reform.
Q:
The Pendleton Act of 1883 was a triumph for those Americans who sought what type of reform?
A) monetary
B) civil service
C) immigration
D) tariff
Q:
The election of James A. Garfield precipitated a great political battle over which of the following?
A) patronage
B) pensions
C) tariffs
D) currency
Q:
Why was honesty and moderation such an important asset for Rutherford B. Hayes' bid for the presidency in 1876?
A) These virtues were notoriously absent in the Democratic Party.
B) After the impeachment of Andrew Johnson, such personal qualities were more important than ever.
C) His rival Samuel B. Tilden had a reputation in the state of the New York as a corrupt city boss.
D) Hayes succeeded the Grant administration, which had been plagued by corruption and scandals.
Q:
The deflation of the Reconstruction period had which of the following economic consequences?
A) It offered farmers a welcome reprieve.
B) It gave debtors temporary relief because falling prices reduced the cost of loans.
C) It increased the real income of those who held bonds, such as those issued by the government during the Civil War.
D) It triggered a surge in investments and boosted employment across the nation, particularly in the West.
Q:
Why did many workers in the late nineteenth century support protective tariffs?
A) They were nationalists at heart and wanted to consume domestic products over foreign ones.
B) They had little hope that the government would put the tariff revenue to any useful purpose.
C) They worried that cheap competition would pressure their employers to lower prices and thus their wages.
D) They wanted to see the United States become a leader in exports and build a trade surplus.
Q:
How did politicians respond to the demand for civil service reform?
A) Democrats supported and Republicans rejected it.
B) Republicans refused to include it in their party platforms.
C) Both Democrats and Republicans insisted it would destroy the political parties.
D) Republicans supported and Democrats rejected it.
Q:
The reason Americans preferred a gold currency over greenbacks indicated that they __________.
A) did not understand how currency worked
B) wanted a currency they could use overseas as well
C) did not trust the federal government with governing the currency
D) were deeply opposed to the power of banks and financial institutions
Q:
What was the purpose of the Grand Army of the Republic in the late nineteenth century?
A) to fight Prairie Indians
B) to quell labor strikes
C) to provide disasters relief and aid in fires
D) to organize Union veterans of the Civil War
Q:
To what does the "bloody shirt" issue of the late 1800s refer?
A) post-Civil War sectional tensions
B) federal Indian policies
C) conflicts between homesteaders and ranchers
D) conflicts between workers and employers
Q:
National elections between 1856 and 1912 were characterized by which of the following?
A) close elections mostly won by the Democrats
B) close elections mostly won by the Republicans
C) contests easily won by the Democrats
D) close elections with an even balance of power
Q:
In which states were Republicans particularly strong during the latter part of the nineteenth century?
A) middle Atlantic
B) southern
C) far western
D) New England
Q:
The distinction between the Democrats and the Republicans during the late nineteenth century arose from differences in which areas?
A) religious affiliation, geographic location, and ethnic background
B) civil service reform, foreign policy, and protective legislation
C) civil rights for blacks, Indian policy, and women's rights
D) tariffs, internal improvements, and currency policy
Q:
Which statement describes the House of Representatives during the late nineteenth century?
A) It was controlled by a few long-term members.
B) It was disorderly and inefficient.
C) It was admired for its statesmanship.
D) It was more deliberative than the Senate.
Q:
During the late 1800s, which legislative body was known as a "rich man's club"?
A) New York State Assembly
B) City Council of New York
C) House of Representatives
D) Senate
Q:
Which statement describes the presidents during the last quarter of the nineteenth century?
A) They were weak leaders.
B) They took strong stands on the issues.
C) They were elected by landslides.
D) They dominated both houses of Congress.
Q:
In 1869, Harvard introduced the __________ system and took the lead in reforming higher education in the Gilded Age.
A) elective
B) intramural
C) German
D) honors
Q:
In 1870, most American colleges were __________.
A) beginning to establish graduate programs based on the model of German universities
B) already well on their way to becoming major centers of research and innovation
C) just completing a decade of significant experiments in curriculum offerings and teaching methods
D) small and intellectually stagnant with few professors of any intellectual repute
Q:
Which of the following were central to the pedagogy of American teachers prior to the 1890s?
A) group work and discussion
B) service learning and practicums
C) rote learning and strict discipline
D) book discussions and critical reading exercises
Q:
Explain the advantages and dangers of the philosophy of pragmatism.
Q:
Explain the influence of realism in culture at the turn of the century by drawing from at least three different examples in art or literature.
Q:
Compare the style and work of Mark Twain and Henry James.
Q:
How did the work of Charles Darwin affect the disciplines of law and history?
Q:
How did college and university education change around the turn of the century?
Q:
Who was the leading publisher of magazines directed at average citizens in the 1860s and 1870s?
A) William Dean Howells
B) Edward W. Bok
C) Frank Leslie
D) William Randolph Hearst
Q:
Harper's, Century, and Atlantic Monthly were all magazines specializing in __________.
A) cheap, romantic fiction
B) illustrations of current events
C) colored reproductions of artistic masterpieces
D) serious, conservative articles
Q:
Who was the first newspaper editor to reach a truly massive audience without abandoning his basic integrity?
A) William Randolph Hearst
B) Joseph Pulitzer
C) Horace Greeley
D) Frank Leslie
Q:
To what methods did publishers turn in the nineteenth century to appeal to the masses?
A) printing mostly conservative political articles
B) lowering cultural and intellectual standards and appealing to emotions
C) remaining neutral and ignoring popular or radical causes
D) focusing on law, sociology, anthropology, and the implications of pragmatism