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Q:
In the new industrial slums of the 1850s, most factory workers were able to survive only because __________.
A) the owners provided free housing
B) their strong unions secured higher wages
C) they raised chickens and maintained urban vegetable gardens
D) their wives and children also worked in the factories
Q:
Which of the following is true of most of the industrial workers in the mid-nineteenth century?
A) They lived in clean, modern company housing.
B) They were quick to join labor unions and demand decent wages.
C) They lived in the crowded, squalid slums that sprang up in major cities.
D) They were able to have small vegetable gardens and a few chickens.
Q:
Why did New England women leave the textile factories in the 1830s?
A) They were replaced by New England men.
B) They were replaced by cheaper poor white southern textile workers.
C) The factories left to use slave labor in Southern states.
D) Textile factories hired new European immigrant labor.
Q:
By the 1850s the United States led the world in the production of which of the following?
A) coal, steel, and iron
B) heavy industrial machinery
C) goods manufactured with precision instruments
D) woolen and cotton textiles
Q:
When did the momentum of technological change in American industry began to accelerate most?
A) in the 1780s
B) in the 1790s
C) in the 1810s
D) in the 1820s
Q:
The use of steam __________.
A) made previous uses of water power obsolete
B) caused longer railroad lines to be built
C) competed with the use of coal in developing factories
D) allowed for greater flexibility in locating factories
Q:
Which of the following was the most obvious change in the North in the decades before the Civil War?
A) decline of the whaling industry
B) rapid expansion of industry
C) halt of emigration from Europe
D) rapid expansion of unionization among unskilled workers
Q:
On the eve of the Civil War, the South produced less than __________ percent of the total manufactured goods in the United States.
A) 15
B) 30
C) 40
D) 50
Q:
Manufacturing in the antebellum South was __________.
A) discouraged by the lack of raw materials
B) impossible because of the shortage of water power
C) virtually nonexistent because of the lack of northern investment
D) discouraged by southern society
Q:
How did slavery warp southern whites?
A) by encouraging poor whites to migrate north
B) by allowing them too much leisure time
C) by causing basically decent people to commit countless petty cruelties
D) by encouraging southern slave owners to develop strong emotional bonds with people that they treated as mere possessions
Q:
The slave Isabella Van Wagenen __________.
A) never had to worry about having any of her children sold away from her
B) was treated decently and fairly by the whites who claimed to own her
C) became a leading anti-slavery feminist and changed her name to Sojourner Truth
D) was a religious skeptic who was contemptuous of the religious ferment around her
Q:
Who was the former slave who preached resistance to slavery and planned a major slave uprising in Charleston?
A) David Walker
B) James Hamlet
C) Nat Turner
D) Denmark Vesey
Q:
How did Southern whites feel about free blacks?
A) They considered them useful and responsible citizens.
B) They saw them as potential allies in maintaining slavery.
C) They wanted rid of them, but tried only half-heartedly to expel them.
D) They strictly enforced laws that required free blacks to emigrate.
Q:
How did Southern slavery shape Southern society and economy?
A) The institution undermined the power of religion in cultural life.
B) Slavery led to the elevation of all southern whites, even the poor ones.
C) As a result of slavery, the South had fewer cities and little industry.
D) Slavery in the south attracted many European immigrants, making Southern cities more diverse.
Q:
What happened to southern interest in the abolition of slavery after Nat Turner's revolt in 1831?
A) It grew gradually due to the influence of abolitionism.
B) Southern ministers became more militant in their sermons denouncing the evils of slavery.
C) Southern states made it increasingly difficult for masters to free their slaves.
D) Because new slaves continued to be imported from Africa, it did not matter if some were freed who were already in America.
Q:
In the 1830s, Nat Turner gained notoriety as the leader of the __________.
A) scientific agriculture movement in the South
B) antislavery forces in New England
C) most sensational slave uprising in the early nineteenth century
D) secessionist wing of the Southern Democrats
Q:
What happened as slaves became more valuable and northern opposition to slavery became more explicit?
A) Slave owners became more lenient toward their slaves.
B) The system of slavery hardened perceptibly.
C) Neither trend had any effect upon slavery.
D) Slave owners began to move more actively to emancipate slaves and colonize them in Africa.
Q:
Why is it so difficult to generalize about the institution of slavery in the United States?
A) We have very little data about the time period.
B) Slavery was an isolated institution and utterly separated from the rest of public life in the South.
C) The behavior of individual masters varied greatly.
D) Slaves handled themselves very differently depending on their attitude towards work.
Q:
The United States was the only place in the Western Hemisphere __________.
A) that continued to legally import slave labor after 1808
B) where black life expectancy was the same as white life expectancy
C) where black families were not allowed to cohabitate
D) where the slave population grew by natural increase
Q:
What was family life like for typical southern planters in the early nineteenth century?
A) Plantation wives were supposed to be "ladies" with few responsibilities.
B) Husbands and wives had rigidly defined separate spheres.
C) Slaveholding families were unlike northern families with similar status.
D) Children (black and white) were raised by free blacks.
Q:
Which of the following statements accurately assesses Southern plantation life?
A) Most children, black and white, were raised by white servants.
B) Slaveholding families rejected paternalism.
C) Plantations were quite similar to northern farms.
D) Plantations produced most of their own clothing and food.
Q:
Who controlled much of the South's cotton trade by the middle of the nineteenth century?
A) New York capitalists
B) English merchants
C) Charleston bankers
D) Richmond textile companies
Q:
On the eve of the Civil War, about __________ percent of white southern families owned at least one slave.
A) 75
B) 50
C) 25
D) 10
Q:
There was a tendency throughout the antebellum period for the ownership of slaves to become __________.
A) more concentrated
B) more urban
C) less concentrated
D) less urban
Q:
By 1830, the black population in __________ exceeded the white population.
A) Georgia
B) Virginia
C) Mississippi
D) Alabama
Q:
Which of the following statements about the "second great migration" of blacks is true?
A) The northward shift in cotton cultivation was a contributing factor.
B) The migration affected fewer blacks than the number originally taken from Africa.
C) Sellers could get several hundred dollars more per slave in the Chesapeake than in the Deep South.
D) Slaves were transferred from the seaboard states to areas surrounding the Mississippi and Arkansas rivers.
Q:
Which of the following statements about slavery as an economic institution in the 1840s and 1850s is true?
A) The price of slaves rose dramatically from 1820.
B) The domestic slave trade almost disappeared in these years.
C) The slave trade had little impact on slaves' lives.
D) Ownership of slaves had become more widespread since 1820.
Q:
What was the most important southern crop in the 1840s and 1850s?
A) tobacco
B) wheat
C) sugar cane
D) cotton
Q:
How did the myth of manifest destiny benefit the nation, and how did it cause damage?
Q:
How did the Compromise of 1850 appease Northerners? How did it appease Southerners?
Q:
Explain the rise of the Free Soil Party.
Q:
Explain the political significance of the Oregon Territory in 1844.
Q:
Explain the roots of Texan independence.
Q:
What was the public reaction to the Compromise of 1850?
A) Violent antislavery riots condemned it in the North.
B) Abolitionists were quite pleased with its steps towards gradual emancipation.
C) Mass meetings throughout the country were held to support it.
D) Defenders of slavery praised it for preserving the balance between free and slave states in the Senate.
Q:
The Compromise of 1850 included admitting __________ as a free state.
A) California
B) New Mexico
C) Texas
D) Maine
Q:
The part of the Compromise of 1850 which had little to do with the question of slavery was Clay's proposal for __________.
A) admitting California as a free state
B) taking over the debts of Texas
C) strengthening the fugitive slave law
D) abolishing the slave trade in the District of Columbia
Q:
Why was the Fugitive Slave Act amended in 1850?
A) to give accused runaways the right to defend themselves in court
B) to restrict the movements and authorities of Southern slavecatchers in the North
C) to include the right of states to demand proof of the fugitive's guilt from slavecatchers
D) to compel citizens under threat or fine or imprisonment to assist in the capture of fugitives
Q:
In the mid-1840s, there were about 150,000 Indians in California. How many were there in 1860?
A) 230,000
B) 130,000
C) 35,000
D) 3,500.
Q:
"You have got what is worth more than a thousand Wilmot ProvisosYou have nature on your side." This statement is a defense of the Compromise of 1850 by whom?
A) Daniel Webster
B) Henry Clay
C) Millard Fillmore
D) Zachary Taylor
Q:
In the debates over the Compromise of 1850, Henry Clay's most famous argument was that __________.
A) because God's "higher law" prohibited any cooperation with the evils of slavery, the North should refuse to compromise
B) the North should yield completely on every point, ceasing even to discuss slavery
C) fugitive slaves who escaped to the North should be guaranteed their freedom
D) the facts of geography and climate prevented the establishment of slavery in the Southwest
Q:
Who was the senator who initially organized the legislative program that became the Compromise of 1850?
A) David Wilmot
B) Daniel Webster
C) Henry Clay
D) John C. Calhoun
Q:
Why did California's possible admission as a free state cause such a furor?
A) It forced slavery to be barred in all territories.
B) It repealed the Missouri Compromise.
C) It undermined the idea of "popular sovereignty."
D) Its admission broke the balance of power in the Senate between slave and free states.
Q:
The California state constitution of 1849 banned slavery for primarily __________ reasons.
A) economic
B) moral
C) religious
D) political
Q:
Approximately how many Americans migrated to California in 1849?
A) 800
B) 8,000
C) 80,000
D) 800.000
Q:
In the election of 1848, what nickname was given to the supporters of Martin Van Buren who opposed Lewis Cass?
A) Mugwumps
B) Locofocos
C) Railsplitters
D) Barnburners
Q:
Why did the Whigs choose Zachary Taylor for president in 1848?
A) He was a staunch opponent of slavery.
B) He enjoyed extensive legislative experience.
C) He had proven his campaign skills many times.
D) He could boast an impressive military career.
Q:
Who was the original advocate of organizing new territories on the basis of "popular sovereignty"?
A) Lewis Cass
B) Nicholas Trist
C) David Wilmot
D) Zachary Taylor
Q:
In opposition to Wilmot's Proviso in the House of Representatives, South Carolina's John C. Calhoun __________.
A) organized a boycott of Congress by southern states
B) took a cane to the head of the Pennsylvania Representative, injuring him severely
C) marched out of Congress in protest
D) introduced resolutions in the Senate barring the prohibition of slavery in the territories
Q:
What was David Wilmot's original intention with his proviso?
A) to assure that his home state of Pennsylvania would get the lion's share of military spending
B) to enlarge the U.S. army with the inclusion of black soldiers
C) to prohibit slavery in any territories gained in the war
D) to make sure that government appropriations for the war were generous but not irresponsible
Q:
What was the divisive issue that emerged after the Mexican War?
A) restriction of the domestic slave trade
B) peonage of Mexican mine workers in the New Mexico territory
C) the legal status of former Indian slaves in California
D) allowing slavery in the new territories
Q:
For many Americans, the ultimate justification of manifest destiny and the Mexican War seemed to be the __________.
A) prohibition on slavery in the territory gained from Mexico
B) recognition by Europeans that America was also an imperial power
C) discovery of gold in California in 1848
D) guarantee of a transcontinental railroad route through the territory conquered from Mexico
Q:
Under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the United States __________.
A) promised to respect Mexican sovereignty in the future
B) gained Texas and Oklahoma
C) agreed to continue Mexico's prohibition of slavery in the Southwest
D) gained New Mexico and Upper California
Q:
The Mexican War was ended by the __________.
A) Gadsden Purchase
B) Treaty of Vera Cruz
C) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
D) Treaty of San Joaquin
Q:
Who was the chief clerk of the State Department who negotiated the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo against the orders of President Polk?
A) George M. Dallas
B) James G. Birney
C) Abel P. Upshur
D) Nicholas P. Trist
Q:
Who commanded the campaign against Mexico City?
A) Zachary Taylor
B) Stephen Kearny
C) Winfield Scott
D) Thomas Hart Benton
Q:
During the Mexican War, what happened in the Southwest?
A) American settlers seized Sonoma and established the Republic of California.
B General Stephen Kearny's cavalry expedition from Fort Leavenworth was defeated and captured at the Battle of Santa Fe.
C) A virtual civil war broke out between settlers favoring the United States and those supporting Mexico.
D) The Mexican army easily defeated the initial efforts of a ragtag army of American settlers to create an independent California.
Q:
President Polk's plans to defeat Mexico included which of the following?
A) driving Santa Anna from power
B) invading Texas
C) establishing a naval blockade of Mexican ports
D) taking possession of California and New Mexico
Q:
Why was the conquering of Mexico such a formidable task?
A) Civilian resistance against U.S. troops remained fierce.
B) Mexico was a large and very rugged country.
C) American soldiers were very eager but their last experience was as old as the War of 1812.
D) Native allies to the Mexican government offered stronger resistance than Mexican regulars.
Q:
What happened in the Mexican War?
A) The president led the nation into war without a formal declaration of war from Congress.
B) American armed forces fought only inside the boundaries of the continental United States.
C) Although the Mexican army was larger, better equipped, and well-led, American forces easily conquered Mexico.
D) General Winfield Scott led a disastrous and poorly planned campaign against Mexico City.
Q:
Mexico's main grievance with the United States was over which of the following?
A) large debts the United States owed Mexico
B) invasion of California by Frmont
C) intrigues of John Slidell
D) annexation of Texas
Q:
Why was the final Oregon Treaty between the United States and England so popular with Americans?
A) America got all it demanded.
B) The war with Mexico had begun.
C) The Democrats saw a chance to get even with the Whigs.
D) Slavery was forbidden in the area.
Q:
In 1846 the United States signed a treaty dividing the Oregon territory along the forty-ninth parallel with which country?
A) Great Britain
B) Russia
C) France
D) Canada
Q:
Where was American settlement in the Oregon region centered?
A) Columbia River Valley
B) Willamette Valley
C) Walla Walla River Valley
D) Cascade Mountains
Q:
In accordance with the joint resolution that annexed Texas, __________.
A) Texas became an independent territory
B) up to four new states could be created from its territory
C) the territory of Texas was required to remain consolidated
D) Texas had to wait ten years until it could be granted full statehood
Q:
Upon sensing the expansionist sentiment of voters in the election of 1844, Henry Clay __________.
A) stuck firmly to his opposition to the annexation of Texas
B) backed off his firm opposition to the annexation of Texas
C) won the election because of his unyielding support of manifest destiny
D) pushed through a joint resolution making Texas a state
Q:
James K. Polk might best be described as which of the following?
A) a promoter of high tariffs
B) a national bank supporter
C) a good Jacksonian
D) a foe of expansion
Q:
When the Whigs nominated Henry Clay for the presidency in 1844, their platform __________.
A) came out strongly for the annexation of Texas
B) ignored the question of Texas
C) supported the acquisition of Oregon
D) condemned all expansion
Q:
The Oregon Trail __________.
A) crossed New Mexico Territory before heading north
B) ran along the border between the United States and Canada for much of its route
C) led from western Missouri to the Willamette Valley
D) ran perpendicular to the Old Spanish Trail
Q:
What did "Oregon fever" refer to?
A) a common malady of the nineteenth century
B) a deep-seated hate for the Native Americans
C) the desire to go to Oregon
D) Christian attempts to convert the Native Americans
Q:
In 1840, California could be most accurately described as __________.
A) unmistakably Mexican, with only a handful of white American settlers
B) still almost entirely controlled and owned by a series of Catholic mission.
C) one of the few areas where the Native Americans were guaranteed the same civil rights as whites
D) dominated by white Americans, with only a handful of Mexican settlers
Q:
Which of the following was a significant aspect of life on the westward trail in the 1840s?
A) It was actually safer for children than remaining at home.
B) It was easier for women than for men.
C) It strongly reinforced the family pattern of "separate spheres."
D) It was especially taxing for women.
Q:
Stating that nothing must interfere with the ability of Americans "to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions," New York journalist John L. O"Sullivan was describing which concept?
A) economic determinism
B) transcendentalism
C) manifest destiny
D) progressivism
Q:
Manifest destiny might best be described as the belief that Americans were __________.
A) God's chosen people
B) a melting pot of immigrants
C) obligated to educate the Native Americans
D) destined to abolish slavery
Q:
Both Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren __________.
A) were unwilling to annex Texas
B) attempted to annex Texas
C) refused to recognize Texas
D) warned Mexico to leave Texas alone
Q:
Shortly after American settlers declared Texas an independent republic, a plebiscite revealed that __________.
A) most Texans opposed slavery
B) both Spanish and native Texans favored the introduction of slavery
C) the majority of white Texans opposed slavery
D) an overwhelming majority favored annexation by the United States.
Q:
Who was the leader of the Texas independence movement and first president of the Republic of Texas?
A) Stephen F. Austin
B) William B. Travis
C) Davy Crockett
D) Sam Houston
Q:
In the battle over the independence of Texas, the slaughters at Goliad and at __________ made peaceful settlement of the dispute with Mexico almost impossible.
A) the Alamo
B) the Citadel
C) Corpus Christi
D) Santa Fe
Q:
What was a major conflict between American settlers in Texas and the Mexican government before Texas gained its independence in 1836?
A) Mexico's abolition of slavery
B) Mexico's attempt to require Indians to speak Spanish
C) the effect of the Missouri Compromise on Mexico
D) the weakness of the Mexican central government
Q:
The __________ Treaty settled the boundary dispute between the United States and Spain, but left out Texas.
A) Transcontinental
B) Clayton-Bulwer
C) Webster-Ashburton
D) Gadsden
Q:
How was the Webster-Ashburton Treaty regarded?
A) as a diplomatic triumph for the secretary of state
B) as an embarrassment for the Tyler administration
C) as an aggressive act of expansion
D) as the beginning of more cooperative U.S."Canadian relations