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Q:
The peace treaty of 1783 with England __________.
A ceded the entire Oregon Territory to the crown
B) set a clear eastern boundary along the former proclamation line.
C) was flawed and unclear on Maine's northern boundaries
D) granted the United States the right to Texas, ignoring New Spain's territorial claims
Q:
What happened when President John Tyler opposed Henry Clay's plans for a new Bank of the United States?
A) Daniel Webster resigned in protest.
B) The entire cabinet resigned except for Daniel Webster.
C) Congress overrode his veto with a two-third majority.
D) His cabinet threatened to resign unless Tyler fired Webster.
Q:
Which staunch states' rights advocate became president when William Henry Harrison died?
A) Martin Van Buren
B) James K. Polk
C) Zachary Taylor
D) John Tyler
Q:
Why did so Americans look for so many different utopian solutions to social changes between the 1820s and the 1850s?
Q:
Why were schools important for American society in the antebellum years?
Q:
Compare and contrast the life and work of Henry David Thoreau with that of Herman Melville.
Q:
Why did the Abolitionist movement prove so vital to the women's rights movement? Explain.
Q:
Explain how economic transformations shaped the family in the emerging middle class.
Q:
Which of the following accurately describes higher education in the United States in first half of the nineteenth century?
A) Colleges tended to be overcrowded and encouraged ruthless competition among students.
B) Coursework was intense and discipline severe.
C) A breeding ground for the nation's political and economic elite, college curricula focused on applicable skills and modern science.
D) There were too many colleges for too few students.
Q:
What was the most compelling argument for the success of the common schools?
A) They encouraged independent and critical thought among Americans of all social classes.
B) They promoted class consciousness among the industrial proletariat.
C) They brought together Americans of different economic and ethnic backgrounds.
D) They encouraged people to replace religion and superstition with science and reason.
Q:
By the 1850s, the common school movement had succeeded in establishing __________.
A) free elementary schools and public institutions for teacher training in every state
B) laws requiring school attendance to the age of 16 in every state outside the South
C) free elementary and secondary schools in every state
D) free elementary schools and public institutions for teacher training in every state outside the South
Q:
What was the most basic goal of the common school movement?
A) sexual integration of public schools
B) education for democracy
C) training for industry
D) cultivation of professional skills
Q:
The lyceums of antebellum America illustrated the __________.
A) influence of universities at the time
B) dominance of European culture in the United States
C) lack of rudimentary education in the American population.
D) broad desire for knowledge and culture in the United States.
Q:
The religious pamphlets and books distributed by the American Tract Society __________.
A) played down denominational differences in favor of a generalized evangelical Christianity
B) succeeded in converting many readers to Catholicism
C) were directed primarily at converting the various Native American tribes
D) stressed denominational differences because of the bitter disputes among various churches
Q:
Between the 1820s and the 1850s, northern society was permeated by which of the following?
A) widespread indifference to standards of taste and high culture
B) lower-class attempts to unionize factory workers
C) upper-class desire to bring European culture to America
D) middle-class concern for being cultivated and refined
Q:
Which of the following best characterizes the works of Walt Whitman?
A) They were the most authentically American of any writer of the period.
B) Rejected by the reading public during his lifetime, they only gained critics' attention in the 1960s.
C) His work was quickly accepted by readers and reviewers.
D) His writing combined learned simplicity with discipline and modesty.
Q:
What is the title of Walt Whitman's book of poems in rambling free verse on commonplace topics in coarse language?
A) The Waste Land
B) Songs of Innocence
C) New England Songs
D) Leaves of Grass
Q:
Which of the following best characterizes Moby-Dick?
A) Melville's attempt to appeal to popular preferences was a surprising failure.
B) Whitman's poem was so successful that it became the basis for Melville's even more successful book.
C) More profound than Melville's previous works, it failed to engage readers at the time.
D) Inspired by the transcendentalism of Thoreau, Melville dedicated his epic novel to the abolitionist cause.
Q:
What informed Herman Melville's most profound novel?
A) his life in the Marquesas in the 1840s
B) his observations on the animal kingdom on the Galapagos Islands
C) his year as an expatriate in Tahiti
D) his time on a whaler in the South Pacific
Q:
Which of the following best characterizes Nathaniel Hawthorne's, The Scarlet Letter?
A) It is a grim but sympathetic analysis of the consequences of adultery.
B) It offers compelling lessons on individualism through a survival narrative.
C) It compellingly rejects romanticism in favor of an even darker nihilism.
D) It glorifies individual resistance to social and sexual mores.
Q:
Which American writer's works are filled with examples of wild imagination and fascination with mystery, fright, and the occult?
A) Edgar Allan Poe
B) Ralph Waldo Emerson
C) Herman Melville
D) Walt Whitman
Q:
Why did Henry David Thoreau refuse to pay taxes?
A) He believed in the sanctity of individual property.
B) He thought that taxes were a way of aiding the failures and punishing the successful.
C) He meant to protest the government's collusion with the British Empire.
D) He refused to support the Mexican War and the complicit role of the state of Massachusetts.
Q:
"When were the good and the brave ever in a majority?" "If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer." Who is the author of these statements?
A) Henry David Thoreau
B) Francis Wayland
C) Ralph Waldo Emerson
D) Nathanial Hawthorne
Q:
Both Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau __________.
A) worked actively in abolitionist organizations
B) sought truth through scientific research
C) engaged in civil disobedience to protest the Mexican War
D) objected to many of society's restrictions on the individual
Q:
Which of the following best characterizes Romanticism in literature in the early nineteenth century?
A) Its adherents valued the impeccable logic of the enlightenment.
B) Romanticists believed in the universal commonalities of the human experience.
C) Romanticism was influenced by religious piety and maternal sensibilities.
D) Romanticists valued action over thought, substance over essence, and continuity over change.
Q:
Susan B. Anthony's first campaign focused on a petition to do which of the following?
A) end slavery
B) reform property and divorce laws
C) grant women the right to vote
D) give women equal chances in the labor market
Q:
The Seneca Falls Convention patterned its Declaration of Sentiments on which of the following?
A) the preamble to the U.S. Constitution
B) the Mayflower Compact
C) the Bill of Rights
D) the Declaration of Independence
Q:
Which of the following was a co-organizer of the Seneca Falls Convention and author of its Declaration of Sentiments?
A) Elizabeth Cady Stanton
B) William Lloyd Garrison
C) Susan B. Anthony
D) Margaret Fuller
Q:
One of the few advocates of women's rights who did not begin her career in the abolitionist movement, and who made a frontal assault on all forms of sexual discrimination in Women in the Nineteenth Century, was __________.
A) Lucretia Mott
B) Margaret Fuller
C) Sarah Grimk
D) Catherine Beecher
Q:
What was an important factor in encouraging the growth of the women's rights movement?
A) female abolitionists' recognition that, like African Americans, they were born into a caste system
B) the successful women's rights movement in England
C) an increasing number of professional opportunities for college-educated women
D) recognition that the discrimination they faced was much like what a foreigner would experience
Q:
By the 1840s, Frederick Douglass had assumed which of the following political positions?
A) He believed in the promise of the Constitution and fought slavery from within the American political system.
B) He espoused an early rendition of black nationalism.
C) Disillusioned with the United States, he promoted a colonization project in Liberia.
D) He rejected the Constitution and the Union and called for war on slaveholders.
Q:
In his autobiography and speeches, Frederick Douglass insisted that __________.
A) emancipation should be gradual
B) returning to Africa was the only hope for black Americans
C) blacks needed full social, political, and economic equality
D) violent revolts were necessary for slaves to obtain their freedom
Q:
During the 1830s and 1840s, most white Americans thought William Lloyd Garrison's views were __________.
A) supported by scientific research
B) unconvincing and confrontational
C) consistent with the teachings of their churches
D) moderate and levelheaded
Q:
William Lloyd Garrison's views on slavery might best be described as which of the following?
A) designed to appeal to southern moderates
B) uncompromising
C) reflecting the northern viewpoint
D) moderate
Q:
Why did abolitionism attract so few followers well into the 1820s?
A) Americans failed to see the way slavery disrupted the family.
B) Few saw anything wrong with the violence involved.
C) White Americans were under the impression that slaves enjoyed civil rights and could improve their own fate.
D) There seemed to be no way of ending slavery other than revolution.
Q:
The first effective law prohibiting the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages was passed by which state?
A) Massachusetts
B) Maine
C) Virginia
D) New York
Q:
Catholic immigrants from Germany and Ireland often __________.
A) participated in the Second Great Awakening
B) supported the American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions
C) objected to demands for prohibition of all alcohol
D) became leaders in the temperance movement
Q:
What was the name of the organization of reformed drunkards that focused on reclaiming alcoholics from the gutter?
A) Cold Water Society
B) Women's Christian Temperance Union
C) Prohibition Party
D) Washingtonians
Q:
During the 1820s, Americans' per capita consumption of alcoholic beverages __________.
A) decreased dramatically with the religious revivals of the Second Great Awakening
B) increased to the highest point ever in the American experience
C) decreased because of the high prices of corn and rye whiskey
D) increased, but to a rate only half as high as that for present-day Americans
Q:
"[C]hained, naked, beaten with rods, and lashed into obedience!" is the way __________ described the deplorable conditions of insane asylums to Massachusetts state legislators.
A) Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet
B) Angelina Grimke
C) Clara Barton
D) Dorothea Dix
Q:
The Auburn system was a pioneering experiment in which of the following?
A) education for the blind
B) prison reform
C) communal living
D) education for the deaf
Q:
One of the most striking aspects of the various practical reform movements of the early nineteenth century was their __________.
A) total dependence on federal funding
B) unwillingness to try new approaches to old problems
C) emphasis on creating special facilities for dealing with social problems
D) hostility toward science
Q:
Who pioneered methods for educating deaf people and opened a school for deaf students in 1817?
A) Thomas Gallaudet
B) Lyman Beecher
C) Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe
D) Charles Fourier
Q:
Individual reformers who tried to care for the physically and mentally disabled were __________.
A) resorting to technological innovations, legal change, and education to bring about change.
B) too unscientific to achieve anything
C) unable to make substantial progress because of the enormous scale of the problems to be corrected
D) usually less effective than the more pragmatic and less flamboyant communitarians
Q:
Fourierists __________.
A) were outspoken defenders of patriarchy
B) practiced radical changes in family organization
C) were vastly more successful in changing the nation's religious mores
D) primarily focused on reforming economic organization and labor
Q:
Which Illinois town founded by Mormon leader Joseph Smith as a semi-independent state within the federal Union?
A) Oneida
B) Amana
C) Nauvoo
D) Salt Lake City
Q:
Which of the following accurately describes the Shaker community of the early nineteenth century?
A) They valued leisure, the sanctity of sleep, and the merits of individual meditation.
B) Their religious practice was marked by somber reflection and gloomy predictions.
C) They practiced free love, which permitted men and women to cohabitate without marriage.
D) They held their property in common and believed in the equality of labor.
Q:
Voluntary associations in the early nineteenth century are best understood as __________.
A) rivals to political parties
B) the first step toward a business corporation
C) a way for the middle class to avoid church affiliations
D) the third pillar of the emerging American middle class
Q:
Evangelist Charles Grandison Finney's success depended upon which of the following?
A) his defense of Catholicism
B) a rational approach to religion based on college-educated ministers
C) his defense of Calvinism
D) emotional release through personal testimony of salvation
Q:
Which of the following was a typical theme of the Second Great Awakening?
A) God had predestined either salvation or damnation for everyone.
B) People did not need to worry about judgment day.
C) Those who were saved were filled with God's grace and need not be bound by human laws.
D) People could take their salvation into their own hands.
Q:
Who was the most effective preacher of the Second Great Awakening?
A) Charles Grandison Finney
B) John Humphrey
C) Charles Fourier
D) Ann Lee
Q:
Among middle-class families, children came to be seen increasingly as which of the following?
A) seething cauldrons of original sin
B) innocent and morally superior
C) perversely willful
D) future workers
Q:
Middle-class families in the 1830s experienced which of the following?
A) a declining birthrate
B) a decreasing divorce rate
C) a stable birthrate
D) an increasing birthrate
Q:
Which of the following is true regarding the Cult of True Womanhood?
A) It left the raising of children almost exclusively to women.
B) It forced unattainable conceptions of beauty on white women.
C) It urged black and other non-white women to emulate Protestant white women.
D) It made similarly strict demands on husbands and fathers.
Q:
What was the effect of the growth of the factory system and of cities on middle-class families?
A) Children became more valuable as future economic assets.
B) Mothers' power increased because they now worked at home.
C) More families were able to place their children as apprentices.
D) Fathers' power decreased because they were now absent from home so much.
Q:
By the 1830s, non-agricultural work increasingly took place __________.
A) outside the home
B) on the farm
C) in the family household
D) in maritime trades
Q:
During the 1830s and 1840s American cities featured
A) a growing middle class.
B) new buildings that reached beyond 20 stories
C) fewer and fewer poor workers.
D) highly advanced health and sanitation infrastructures
Q:
What is the title of Alexis de Tocqueville's book that analyzed American society?
A) The American Commonwealth
B) Democracy in America
C) Life on the Mississippi
D) Domestic Life of the Americans
Q:
The name given to the new political coalition that emerged to challenge Democratic control in the 1830s was the __________.
A) Federalists
B) Republicans
C) Bull Moose party
D) Whigs
Q:
The __________ were Jacksonians who championed giving the "small man" his chance.
A) Locofocos
B) Know-Nothings
C) Barnburners
D) National Republicans
Q:
Which of the following was an underlying principle commonly agreed upon by Jacksonians?
A) increased government regulation of the economy
B) respect for professional experts in government
C) elimination of slavery and the slave trade
D) suspicion of special privileges and large business corporations
Q:
Who said of Andrew Jackson, "Far from wishing to extend Federal power, [he] belongs to the party that wishes to limit that power"?
A) Daniel Webster
B) John C. Calhoun
C) John Quincy Adams
D) Alexis de Tocqueville
Q:
Which of the following caused panic in the country in the spring of 1837?
A) the reelection of Andrew Jackson
B) the inability of banks to make specie payments
C) the rise of the radical Locofoco party
D) the purchase of Florida from Spain
Q:
What effect did Jackson's economic policies have on the business cycle?
A) They exaggerated the swings of the economic pendulum.
B) They successfully stimulated the economy and ended the Panic of 1837.
C) They were successful examples of the workings of the free marketplace.
D) The federal government was so weak that they had almost no effect.
Q:
What was the purpose of President Jackson's Specie Circular?
A) It required that purchasers of public land pay in gold or silver.
B) It mandated new reserve requirements for the Bank of the United States.
C) It forced British merchants to pay for American goods in bullion.
D) It removed the coinage of the Bank of the United States from the list of legal tender monies.
Q:
What happened during 1835 and 1836 as a result of the creation of the "pet" banks?
A) Economic stability and prosperity resumed.
B) The money supply shrank dramatically and plunged the country into a depression.
C) The Bank of the United States retained all government deposits.
D) The money supply increased rapidly and fueled wild speculation in land.
Q:
The outcome of the nullification crisis convinced the radical South Carolina planters that __________.
A) Jackson could not be trusted to keep his promises
B) Calhoun was not firmly committed to nullification
C) nullification and secession could succeed only with the support of other states
D) the government of the United States was an absolute tyranny
Q:
How did Andrew Jackson characterize South Carolina's defiance of the national tariff?
A) as petty provincialism
B) as treason
C) as a welcome political debate.
D) as an act of war.
Q:
How can the nullification crisis best be described?
A) South Carolina's challenge to the tariff of 1832
B) New England's opposition to Andrew Jackson's presidency
C) Andrew Jackson's fight against the Bank of the United States
D) the Cherokee's fight against their forced removal from Georgia
Q:
Which southern political thinker most prominently justified southern resistance to the Tariff of 1828?
A) John Tyler
B) John C. Calhoun
C) Andrew Jackson
D) Henry Clay
Q:
How did white Southerners react to northern criticisms of slavery?
A) Whites in the "new" South of Mississippi and Alabama (outnumbered by slaves three to one) feared criticisms of slavery might lead to rebellion.
B) A significant minority of pro-Unionist southerners agreed with the criticisms.
C) Most southerners continued to view slaves as always docile, happy, and childlike.
D) Radical South Carolinians considered any agitation against slavery a tyranny of the majority.
Q:
Why did Jackson oppose John Marshall's rulings about the Cherokee Nation in Georgia?
A) He was hoping to appease his southern supporters.
B) He believed no independent nation could be allowed to exist within the United States.
C) He was a strong advocate of states' rights.
D) He hated Native Americans and wanted to destroy them completely.
Q:
Which of the following Indian nations resisted removal but was subdued by U.S. troops?
A) the Cherokee
B) the Comanche
C) the Lakota
D) the Seminole
Q:
Which Native American nation was forced to leave Georgia as a result of Jackson's policies?
A) the Seminole
B) the Cherokee
C) the Iroquois
D) the Choctaw
Q:
What did Alexis de Tocqueville write about the removal of Indian tribes in Democracy in America?
A) The policy was to the benefit of the Indians themselves.
B) Removal would end up hurting Anglo-Americans more than Native Americans.
C) Indian removal involved force and terrible suffering.
D) Indian removal was an example of the efficiency and benevolence of American government.
Q:
Jackson's policy toward the Native Americans was to do which of the following?
A) Give them citizenship.
B) Respect their culture and traditional homelands.
C) Place them on reservations in each state.
D) Remove them to lands west of the Mississippi.
Q:
Like fellow westerners, President Jackson __________.
A) did not favor internal improvements
B) preferred that local projects be left to the states
C) believed that the federal government should maintain a budget surplus
D) thought presidential power should be interpreted narrowly
Q:
The conflict between Jackson and Calhoun was sharpened by their strong disagreement over which of the following?
A) the Peggy Eaton controversy
B) Maysville Road
C) the Second National Bank
D) the Webster-Hayne debate
Q:
What pitted John C. Calhoun against Andrew Jackson from the beginning?
A) He resented Jackson's stance on slavery.
B) He disliked Jackson's elitist mannerisms.
C) He coveted the presidency and was hoping to succeed Jackson sooner rather than later.
D) Jackson was known to have had an affair with one of John C. Calhoun's own mistresses.
Q:
What was Jackson's most powerful weapon against the Bank of the United States?
A) the power to remove Bank officers
B) the ability to withdraw government revenues from the Bank
C) the Specie Circular, which required the Bank to redeem its notes in gold
D) the loyal backing of prominent National Republicans such as Daniel Webster