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Q:
The episode that immediately prompted the Embargo Act was the __________.
A) naval conflict between the Constitution and the Guerriere
B) French blockade of major American ports
C) British refusal to pay American tariffs
D) attack on the Chesapeake by the Leopard
Q:
How well did Jefferson handle the foreign policy crisis presented by the impressment controversy?
A) He was neither well-informed nor hardheaded.
B) He displayed his diplomatic mastery; it was one of his finest moments.
C) His handling of the foreign policy crisis went quite well at first until his initial success went to his head.
D) His initial bumbling attempts were rectified by Secretary of State James Madison.
Q:
The problem of impressment was compounded by which of the following?
A) British captains insisting on thorough and lengthy investigations into which sailors were actually British citizens
B) America's loose immigration laws
C) Jefferson's refusal to allow the British to impress sailors on American ships who were British citizens
D) the fact that American trade in war materials made shipping vulnerable to British searches
Q:
"The Pretension that the American Flag should protect every Individual sailing under it is too extravagant to require any serious Refutation." What prompted a British foreign secretary to make this statement?
A) Congress had announced U.S. opposition to Britain's role in the international slave trade.
B) Madison had protested the British practice of impressment.
C) The Supreme Court had declared that the Bill of Rights applied to American vessels.
D) Caribbean and Florida pirates claimed U.S. protection against British prosecutors.
Q:
The British practice of forcibly removing British deserters from American ships was called __________.
A) impressment
B) dragoonment
C) involuntary recruitment
D) de-naturalization
Q:
Between 1803 and 1806, the war between France and England did which of the following?
A) stimulated the American economy dramatically, especially in foreign trade
B) deepened domestic political divisions between the Republicans and the Federalists
C) disrupted and almost destroyed American foreign trade
D) stimulated defense spending in preparation for war
Q:
The effect of the Berlin and Milan decrees by France and the Orders in Council by Great Britain was to do which of the following?
A) encourage trade with Great Britain and discourage trade with France
B) stop all American trade with both countries
C) promote American trade with both countries
D) make trade more difficult for neutral nations
Q:
In Aaron Burr's trial for treason, __________.
A) Burr readily admitted his guilt
B) Hamilton antagonized Burr so much that they fought a duel in which Hamilton was killed
C) neither President Jefferson nor Chief Justice Marshall acted impartially
D) Chief Justice Marshall displayed great impartiality in contrast to Jefferson's vindictive behavior toward Burr
Q:
Which of the following is an accurate assessment of General James Wilkinson?
A) He was loyal to a fault.
B) He betrayed Aaron Burr at the last minute.
C) The Jefferson administration discovered the Burr Conspiracy thanks to his thorough investigation.
D) Before he conspired with Aaron Burr he was already in the pocket of Spain.
Q:
Which of the following best describes the "Burr Conspiracy"?
A) Burr's capture of New Orleans with the help of Napoleonic troops
B) the assassination of Alexander Hamilton
C) a secession of Western territories under Burr's command
D) Burr's sabotage of the Lewis and Clark expedition
Q:
One of the purposes of Lewis and Clark's expedition was to __________.
A) confirm that Russian fur trappers had not settled in the Oregon Territory.
B) make sure that all British forts had been abandoned.
C) learn if the Missouri River connected to the Pacific.
D) find a water route to the Great Lakes.
Q:
In addition to the Lewis and Clark expedition, Jefferson dispatched __________ to explore the upper Mississippi Valley and the Colorado region.
A) Zebulon Pike
B) Thomas Freeman
C) Francis Parkman
D) Daniel Boone
Q:
Who led the western expedition that explored the northwestern area of the Louisiana Purchase from 1804"1806?
A) Zebulon Pike
B) Daniel Boone
C) Thomas Freeman
D) Meriwether Lewis
Q:
What was one of the outcomes of the Lewis and Clark expedition?
A) It led to the construction of military outposts.
B) It brought Protestantism to the Native Americans
C) It drove the Spanish out of Oregon
D) It established official relations with Native American tribes
Q:
What was the reason for the duel between Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton?
A) Hamilton had campaigned against Burr when he ran for governor of New York and then continued to cast aspersions on Burr's character.
B) Burr had opposed Hamilton's financial program.
C) Burr had refused to withdraw from the election of 1800, which forced Hamilton to support Jefferson against his better judgment.
D) Burr claimed that Hamilton had an affair with his wife.
Q:
The diehard Federalists who organized a scheme to break away from the Union and create a "northern confederacy" in 1804 were known as the __________.
A) Federal Constitutionalists
B) Essex Junto
C) Hartford Convention
D) War Hawks
Q:
The Louisiana Purchase furthered weakened the power of __________.
A) Napoleon
B) the Republicans
C) the Federalists
D) Thomas Jefferson
Q:
In the end, Jefferson justified the purchase of Louisiana by __________.
A) reminding the country of the dangers presented by foreigners in North America
B) appealing to the "manifest destiny" of the United States to expand westward to the Pacific
C) amending the Constitution specifically to allow the addition of new territories
D) bowing to "the good sense of the country," which seemed to demand the acquisition despite constitutional difficulties
Q:
For Jefferson, what was one of the most important reasons for the Louisiana Purchase?
A) It secured access to the mouth of the Mississippi River.
B) It supported American claims to gold deposits in the Midwest.
C) It opened new territory for the expansion of slavery.
D) It provided land which could be used to back up the new paper money issued by the National Bank.
Q:
Republican attempts to impeach Federalist judges resulted in which of the following?
A) removal of twelve judges, largely on the grounds of political disagreements
B) Supreme Court ruling that judges were not subject to impeachment
C) failure to remove Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase
D) complete failure to remove any of the judges
Q:
Which of the following statements about the case of Marbury v. Madison is true?
A) Marshall denied that Marbury had a right to his commission.
B) It established the concept of judicial review by declaring something unconstitutional for the first time.
C) It bolstered the concept of checks and balances by providing an executive branch "check" on judicial power.
D) It found that Congress could force Madison to give Marbury his commission.
Q:
In Marbury v. Madison, Chief Justice John Marshall cleverly established the power of the Supreme Court to __________.
A) issue writs ordering governmental officials to perform certain duties
B) invalidate federal laws held to be in conflict with the Constitution
C) remove governmental officials who refused to perform their duties
D) award damages to governmental officials deprived of their jobs
Q:
Chief Justice __________ established the power of the Supreme Court to invalidate federal laws in Marbury v. Madison (1803).
A) John Marshall
B) Oliver Ellsworth
C) Samuel Chase
D) John Pickering
Q:
The purpose of the __________ was to maintain Federalist control of the judicial branch against Jeffersonianism.
A) Governmental Reorganization Act of 1799
B) Judiciary Act of 1801
C) Judicial Review Act of 1805
D) Federal Judiciary Act of 1789
Q:
As president, Thomas Jefferson __________.
A) appointed only Republicans to his Cabinet
B) followed Washington's example of dignified pomp and ceremony
C) escalated conflicts between himself and his opponents
D) followed Washington's example of a nonpartisan, balanced Cabinet
Q:
In his first inaugural address, Jefferson stressed his desire to __________.
A) seek revenge on the Federalists for the Alien and Sedition Acts
B) minimize the differences between Federalists and Republicans
C) increase government spending to provide better services for citizens
D) negotiate a mutual defense alliance with Great Britain
Q:
Thomas Jefferson was politically __________.
A) nonpartisan
B) inept
C) astute
D) antagonistic
Q:
Which president was known for his "pell-mell" style of plain dress and informal entertaining?
A) George Washington
B) John Adams
C) Thomas Jefferson
D) James Madison
Q:
Who wrote "Every difference of opinion is not a difference of principle. We have called by different names brethren of the same principle. We are all Republicanswe are all Federalists"?
A) John Adams
B) Alexander Hamilton
C) Thomas Jefferson
D) George Washington
Q:
Which of the following best assesses Jefferson's policy against Barbary pirates?
A) With his successful navy campaign against them, he established the United States as a leading military power.
B) His decision not to challenge the practice of bribe payments was widely judged as an illustration of his spinelessness.
C) His unsuccessful effort to overwhelm the pirates in a naval war nonetheless became a source of fame and pride for American sailors.
D) His intricate diplomacy solved an issue that Europeans had long found intractable.
Q:
On what grounds did John Marshall deny Marbury's request for his commission?
A) The "midnight appointment" had happened when Jefferson was already president.
B) The clause in the Judiciary Act on which his appointment was based was unconstitutional.
C) The Supreme Court had no jurisdiction in this case.
D He rejected Marbury's commission on purely technical grounds for partisan reasons.
Q:
Although Jefferson was known for his open-mindedness, he also maintained stubborn prejudices against which of the following?
A) members of Congress
B) modern science
C) religious politicians
D) kings
Q:
Which of the following best assesses Jefferson's response to Hamilton's fiscal structure erected during the Adams presidency?
A) He utterly demolished the federal tax system.
B) He made no particular effort to erase Hamilton's financial system.
C) He proved to be even more heavy-handed in federal taxation than Hamilton.
D) He promised his supporters the complete destruction of Hamilton's fiscal structures but secretly kept them in place.
Q:
One of the main differences between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton was that Hamilton __________.
A) thought human beings were selfish
B) was a Republican
C) thought commercialization and centralization was best for the country
D) opposed the Alien and Sedition Acts
Q:
Which of the following was one of the few points on which Jefferson agreed with Hamilton?
A) the need to commercialize the nation
B) the advantages of favoring the British in foreign policy
C) the ease with which city workers could be corrupted by demagogues
D) the necessity to restrict the power of government as much as possible
Q:
What was the most significant aspect of the election of 1800?
A) Jefferson gained an overwhelming vote in the Electoral College.
B) The Federalists defeated the Republicans so easily.
C) It did not lead to revolution.
D) Jefferson was elected by irregular, if not illegal, means.
Q:
A direct consequence of the election of 1800 was the constitutional amendment stipulating __________.
A) a single electoral college ballot in which the candidate with the most votes became president and the runner-up became vice president
B) the organization of political parties
C) separate electoral college ballots for president and vice president
D) qualifications of those who could vote for presidential electors
Q:
In the election of 1800, __________.
A) Jefferson's vice presidential running mate was George Clinton
B) Jefferson was finally chosen president by the House of Representatives
C) Adams and Jefferson received the same number of electoral votes
D) Jefferson was finally chosen president by the Senate
Q:
In 1786 Massachusetts indebted farmers rebelled against the state government and were defeated in armed conflict. The uprising became known as __________ Rebellion.
A) Bacon's
B) Leisler's
C) Paxton's
D) Shays's
Q:
Under the Articles of Confederation there was a failed attempt to raise revenue and pressure the British by a(n) __________.
A) tariff
B) income tax
C) quitrent
D) foreign property tax
Q:
Which of the following best assesses trade conditions for the United States under the Articles of Confederation?
A) Reduced access to British markets and cheap British imports caused a gaping trade deficit.
B) Freed from imperial trade restrictions, commerce with European nations restored prosperity after the war.
C) The new trade agreements with France could not make up for the loss of access to British goods.
D) American merchants made up for the loss of British markets for their raw materials by marketing American crops aggressively in the Mediterranean.
Q:
Who caused a major problem for the new government of the Articles of Confederation when it closed the lower Mississippi River to American commerce?
A) Spain
B) France
C) Great Britain
D) England
Q:
One example of the inadequacies of the Articles of Confederation was the inability of the United States to __________.
A) prevent English annexation of Florida
B) force England to withdraw its troops from American soil after the Revolutionary War
C) force England to abandon military posts it built beyond the boundaries of the original thirteen states
D) prohibit French settlers from claiming American land in the Ohio River Valley
Q:
How did foreign affairs shape the domestic political divisions during the Adams presidency? Explain.
Q:
Discuss the failures and successes of George Washington's foreign policy.
Q:
What strengths do you see in Hamilton's economic plans, and what problems do you recognize in them?
Q:
If you were a free African American in the revolutionary period, would you have supported the Constitution? Why, why not? Explain.
Q:
Why did the nation's elite react with such alarm to Shays's Rebellion? Explain.
Q:
When the French indicated a willingness to reopen the negotiations that had been disrupted by the XYZ Affair, President Adams responded by __________.
A) demanding conquest of the remaining Spanish colonies in North and South America
B) pursuing a policy of international peace, despite Federalist demands for war
C) playing upon French fears by discussing an alliance with England
D) disregarding the French overtures because the Federalists had turned American hostility toward the French against the Republicans also
Q:
According to the Kentucky and Virginia Resolves, a law of Congress could be declared unconstitutional by which of the following?
A) the president
B) constitutional conventions in two-thirds of the states
C) one-third of the states acting in common
D) any individual state
Q:
James Madison responded to the Alien and Sedition Acts by __________.
A) condemning them because they assumed that elected officials were the masters rather than the servants of the people
B) vigorously prosecuting alien critics of the government
C) intentionally violating the Sedition Act to test its constitutionality before the Supreme Court
D) organizing Republicans in Congress to block any Federalist measures until these acts were repealed
Q:
What were the repressive measures that the Federalists passed primarily to smash their Republican opponents?
A) Judiciary Acts of 1801
B) Militia and Quartering Acts
C) Alien and Sedition Acts
D) Kentucky and Virginia Resolves
Q:
The XYZ Affair resulted in __________.
A) the creation of a Navy department and military appropriations to pursue the Federalist demands for war with France
B) France unilaterally ending the alliance of 1778 with America
C) France securing an alliance by bribing the American negotiators
D) the creation of a permanent standing army with military appropriations to pursue the Republican demands for war with England
Q:
The attempt of three French diplomats to secure a bribe in return for agreeing to negotiations with U.S. diplomats became known as the __________.
A) Lyon-Griswold Tangle
B) Berlin Decree
C) XYZ Affair
D) ABC Affair
Q:
When John Adams was elected president in 1796, who was elected as his vice president?
A) Thomas Pinckney
B) Thomas Jefferson
C) Alexander Hamilton
D) John Jay
Q:
"Against the insidious wiles of foreign influence, the jealousy of a free people ought to be constantly awake." This warning came from which of the following?
A) George Washington's "Farewell Address"
B) Alexander Hamilton's Report on Manufactures
C) John Taylor of Caroline's An Inquiry Into the Principles and Policy of the Government of the United States
D) John Adams's A Defense of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America
Q:
In his "Farewell Address," George Washington expressed his __________.
A) support of northern commercial interests
B) belief that political parties were harmful and divisive
C) willingness to run for a third term if nominated
D) support for a military alliance with England
Q:
Under Jay's Treaty, __________ agreed to abandon its military posts in the American Northwest.
A) France
B) Holland
C) Spain
D) Great Britain
Q:
In the early 1790s General Anthony Wayne's decisive defeat of the Native Americans in Ohio in the Battle of __________ opened that territory to settlement.
A) Tippecanoe
B) Murfreesboro
C) Fallen Timbers
D) Cowpens
Q:
Why did people in Western Pennsylvania protest the taxation of whiskey so violently?
A) They were mostly of Scots-Irish descent and considered whiskey their heritage.
B) They feared that the tax would give foreign rum producers an unfair advantage.
C) They considered the tax an example of the "nanny state" trying to enforce virtuous behavior.
D) They resented the bureaucracy associated with the tax and were both consumers and producers of whiskey.
Q:
The French Revolution and the ensuing war between France and Great Britain tended to do which of the following?
A) widen the split between American political parties
B) unite all political parties to oppose the principles of the French Revolution
C) undermine America's close relationship with England
D) unite all political parties to support the principles of the French Revolution
Q:
After Washington's proclamation of neutrality in 1793, France __________.
A) and England each respected American shipping with the other
B) threatened to declare war unless America honored her treaty obligations
C) attacked American shipping, as did England, despite American neutrality
D) respected America's freedom to trade, but England attacked all American shipping
Q:
Why was the conduct of "Citizen" Gent unacceptable to the American government?
A) He was working to overthrow Washington's administration.
B) He was licensing American vessels as privateers against British shipping.
C) He was involved in political intrigues with Governor Clinton of New York.
D) He was trying to enlist Americans to fight against Napoleon.
Q:
Which of the following concepts was central to Alexander Hamilton's vision for the nation's economic future?
A) laissez-faire capitalism
B) social justice
C) diversification
D) fiscal conservatism
Q:
What had triggered a new interest in manufacturing in the decades leading up to the Report on Manufactures?
A)nonimportation agreements and wartime shortages
B) high unemployment rates and lack of land
C) excess capital and a large skilled labor pool
D) constantly rising demand and inferior imported goods
Q:
The Report on Manufactures can best be described as which of the following?
A) an early example of economic research
B) a bold call for economic planning
C) a blue print for a Department of Commerce
D) an argument of laissez-faire capitalism
Q:
Congress will "take possession of a boundless field of power, no longer susceptible to any definition" if the "necessary and proper clause" is not literally interpreted. This was the sentiment of __________.
A) Alexander Hamilton, favoring the Bill of Rights
B) Thomas Jefferson, opposing the National Bank
C) Alexander Hamilton, favoring the National Bank
D) Thomas Jefferson, opposing the Bill of Rights
Q:
Alexander Hamilton advocated a "loose" interpretation of the __________ clause to support the creation of a national bank.
A) due diligence
B) due process
C) necessary and proper
D) privilege s and immunities
Q:
Why did Alexander Hamilton promise to locate the nation's permanent capital on the Potomac River?
A) to secure southern states' approval for the federal assumption of state debts
B) to convince Maryland delegates to approve his Report on the Public Credit.
C) to appease Virginia's elite after the election of the John Adams, who was from Massachusetts
D) to provide the federal government with close access to the nation's most important commercial trade routes
Q:
Alexander Hamilton's Report on the Public Credit presented a plan deliberately intended to do which of the following?
A) give a special advantage to the rich and thus win their support
B) penalize speculation in government securities
C) aid veterans of the Revolution in financing land purchases
D) provide help to debtor farmers
Q:
Alexander Hamilton believed that the United States needed which of the following?
A) a completely unregulated economy
B) a strong national government
C) a political democracy with no restrictions on voting and office holding
D) a weak national government
Q:
The purpose of the __________ Amendment to the Constitution was to mollify those who feared the states would be destroyed by the new government.
A) First
B) Fourth
C) Seventh
D) Tenth
Q:
The Bill of Rights guaranteed that Congress would not interfere with the right(s) to __________.
A) freedom of speech, press, and religion
B) a two-party political system
C) own slaves
D) vote
Q:
As president, George Washington __________.
A) aggressively led the Federalist party in election campaigns
B) used his "State of the Union" addresses to advocate legislation
C) was careful not to exceed the powers given him by the Constitution
D) was not concerned about establishing precedents
Q:
George Washington chose his cabinet __________.
A) without consulting John Adams, his vice president
B) from persons to whom he owed political favors
C) without regard to political affiliation or personal agreement with him
D) from his personal friends in Virginia
Q:
Why did James Madison expect a large republic to be more stable than a small one?
A) A large majority would prevent any single faction from getting the upper hand.
B) A large republic would have greater fiscal power and be able to drive economic growth.
C) A large republic was less likely to become the target of military coups.
D) The history of the world was filled with failing small republics.
Q:
James Madison believed that a __________.
A) decentralized republic would attract leaders of great ability
B) republican form of government could operate efficiently in a large nation
C) decentralized republic would protect the country from the manipulations of special interest groups
D) large country would need a less powerful central government
Q:
Much Antifederalist opposition to the Constitution disappeared when __________.
A) the Federalists promised amendments to guarantee the civil liberties of the people
B) it became obvious that the Constitution would be adopted over their objections
C) Alexander Hamilton threatened to impose an even stronger national government with the assistance of the army
D) it was agreed that an Antifederalist would be chosen as vice president.
Q:
Which of the following assessments of the ratification debate is accurate?
A) Federalists generally favored free choice over power and tended to resent those who sought and held power.
B) Antifederalists opposed the Constitution for primarily economic reasons.
C) Federalists used their superior political organization and persuasive abilities to great advantage.
D) Antifederalists generally agreed on the need for a more energetic national government.
Q:
Who of the following was fearful of the Constitution, believing that it "squints toward monarchy"?
A) John Jay
B) Gouverneur Morris
C) Patrick Henry
D) Samuel Adams