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Q:
What was the 1768 document that criticized the Townshend Acts as infringements on the natural and constitutional rights of the colonists?
A) Declaration of Rights and Grievances
B) Virginia "Resolves"
C) Massachusetts "Circular Letter"
D) Olive Branch Petition
Q:
The American colonists' view of imperial concerns can best be described as __________.
A) narrow
B) broad
C) conservative
D) liberal
Q:
Which of the following most accurately describes the English government's position on the meaning of sovereignty?
A) Parliament was sovereign over the external affairs of the colonies; the crown was sovereign over Parliament and the colonies' internal affairs.
B) Sovereignty was indivisible and rested ultimately with Parliament.
C) Parliament was sovereign over the colonies' external affairs; the colonial legislatures were sovereign over their internal affairs.
D) Sovereignty was indivisible and rested exclusively with the king.
Q:
The British understanding of the word "constitution" emphasized the __________.
A) totality of laws, customs, and institutions developed over time
B) specific written document spelling out and limiting the powers of government
C) constitutionality of all laws passed by legislative bodies
D) guarantee of certain fundamental liberties, such as the right of all adults to vote
Q:
Why did Parliament pass the Declaratory Act?
A) It sought to curtail free speech in the colonies.
B) It wanted to stifle the publication of newspapers in the colonies.
C) It was trying to reinstate the Stamp Act through a political backdoor.
D) It wanted to make sure that its repeal of the Stamp Act would not establish a precedent.
Q:
The Stamp Act was repealed in 1766 primarily because of the __________.
A) pressure from British merchants who had been hurt by the American boycott
B) recognition by Parliament that it had acted unconstitutionally
C) petition sent from the Stamp Act Congress
D) riots and disturbances in the colonies protesting the act
Q:
Why were American protests against the Stamp Act so vehement?
A) The law introduced a new form of taxation, having no precedent in England.
B) The measure greatly increased the cost of all articles imported into America.
C) The tax affected influential and articulate groups such as lawyers and newspaper editors.
D) The act prohibited the hiring of colonists responsible for printing and distributing the stamps.
Q:
Illegal, often violent, resistance by the Sons of Liberty to __________ may be seen as marking the start of the revolution.
A) the Proclamation of 1763
B) colonial assemblies
C) the Boston Massacre
D) the Stamp Act
Q:
The British reasoned that either Parliament was sovereign in the colonies or not and therefore any distinction between tax legislation and any other form of legislation was __________.
A) virtual
B) absolute
C) artificial
D) reasonable
Q:
Which of the following accurately describes the concept of virtual representation?
A) Colonists could make their positions known to Parliament through writs.
B) Parliament paid almost no attention to colonial representatives.
C) Members of Parliament represented specific districts within the empire.
D) All members of Parliament stood for the interests of the entire empire.
Q:
Why did American colonists object to the Sugar Act of 1764?
A) The act could be used to stop colonial trade altogether.
B) It deprived them of their right to participate in the sugar trade.
C) The law opened up colonial trade in sugar to the vessels of France and Spain.
D) The new measure asserted Parliament's right to tax Americans for revenue purposes.
Q:
In an effort to help support the increased cost of colonial administration, Parliament passed the __________ Act in 1764, placing tariffs on coffee, wines, and other major imports.
A) Wine
B) Sugar
C) Coffee
D) Declaratory
Q:
What was the major purpose of the Proclamation of 1763?
A) to restrict colonial trade with England to British ships
B) to force the Native Americans of the Ohio Valley to submit to British authority
C) to check colonial expansion across the Appalachians
D) to promote colonial land development projects in the Ohio Valley
Q:
What was the significance of the Indian revolt under the leadership of Ottawa chief Pontiac?
A) It convinced the British government to impose a new western policy.
B) It successfully delayed Euro-American settlement for another fifty years.
C) It permanently broke Native American unity.
D) It convinced American colonists that the Ohio River Valley was best left alone for the time being.
Q:
In governing their American empire after 1763, the new problem which faced the British was __________.
A) colonial reluctance to expand into the Ohio River Valley
B) greatly increased expenses of administering a far larger and more complex empire
C) strong American support for a rudimentary colonial union expressed in the popular Albany Plan
D) colonial resentment for the failure of the British to aid them during the French and Indian War
Q:
The British victory in the French and Indian War was due largely to __________.
A) British soldiers financed by the British government
B) American soldiers financed by the colonial assemblies
C) American soldiers financed by the British government
D) British soldiers financed by the colonial assemblies
Q:
Under the Treaty of Paris (1763) ending the French and Indian War, __________.
A) Great Britain retained all the conquests that it had made of French and Spanish possessions
B) France retained Canada but lost the sugar islands of Guadaloupe and Martinique
C) France lost all possessions on the mainland of North America
D) England lost all its possessions in the Western Hemisphere except for North America
Q:
What route did General James Wolfe follow in mounting his successful attack on Quebec?
A) Lake Ontario
B) the Hudson River
C) Lake Champlain
D) the St. Lawrence River
Q:
What impact did William Pitt's leadership have on the broader trend of the Seven Years' War?
A) British diplomats in Paris worked harder on an early armistice.
B) French and British troops agreed to focus on naval combat and pull out of German countries.
C) The warring factions agreed to pull out of the North American colonies.
D) Britain poured a lot more soldiers and money into North America, eventually defeating France there.
Q:
Although forced to surrender in 1754 to French troops constructing Fort Duquesne, the young Virginian who emerged as a hero to fellow colonists was __________.
A) Patrick Henry
B) George Washington
C) James Madison
D) Thomas Jefferson
Q:
Which of the following properly assesses the results of the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713?
A) France lost its sugar colonies but was able to hold on to its Canadian provinces.
B) Spain lost its hold on Florida.
C) France gained the Louisiana Territory from the Dutch.
D) England acquired Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and the Hudson Bay.
Q:
All of the first three colonial wars (King William's, Queen Anne's, and King George's) __________.
A) started over essentially colonial issues and involved relatively little European participation
B) resulted in considerable territorial gains for the English
C) resulted in considerable territorial gains for the French
D) arose over essentially European issues and involved relatively little colonial participation
Q:
The greatest source of trouble between the French in Canada and the British in New England was the __________.
A) navigation routes in the Great Lakes
B) control of the fur trade
C) conflict over rights to timber and minerals
D) disputes over the location of the border between Canada and New England
Q:
Why did Thomas Pownall think that Great Britain would eventually have to adjust the imperial system?
A) He was appalled by the inefficiency of the Board of Trade.
B) He considered Parliament an utter scam that needed serious democratic reforms.
C) He was certain that the colonists had God on their side.
D) He believed that the growing weight of the colonies made reforms as inevitable as natural law.
Q:
The purpose of the Junto founded by Benjamin Franklin can best be described as __________.
A) preparing the colonies for national independence
B) getting the colonies ready for a war against France and its Indian allies
C) hatching plans for deposing colonial governors
D) giving colonists a forum to discuss natural philosophy
Q:
Which of the following best describes the principles of deism?
A) the holy unity of God and Christ
B) the rejection of Christ in favor of a non-denominational divinity
C) reverence for God's creation of the universe
D) an embrace of the divinity of Christ, but a rejection of evil spirits
Q:
What was the larger consequence of the Great Awakening in the colonies?
A) It brought about more political uniformity.
B) It produced increasing religious intolerance.
C) It fostered more religious tolerance.
D) It thoroughly undid the impact of Enlightenment.
Q:
America's most famous Enlightenment figure, inventor of the lightening rod and bifocals, organizer of a hospital and a circulating library, was __________.
A) Thomas Jefferson
B) David Rittenhouse
C) Cotton Mather
D) Benjamin Franklin
Q:
Which argument by John Locke had particular appeal to American colonists?
A) A man's home was his castle.
B) A man's personal property was the bulwark of his freedom.
C) A man's trade was his identity.
D) A man's birth defined his social status.
Q:
The view that the universe is based on impersonal, scientific laws that govern the behavior of all matter, animate and inanimate, was basic to the __________.
A) Great Awakening
B) Puritans
C) Enlightenment
D) Quakers
Q:
The most famous native-born revivalist of the Great Awakening, the intellectually brilliant author of sermons such as "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," was __________.
A) Jonathan Edwards
B) Charles Chauncy
C) Solomon Stoddard
D) Increase Mather
Q:
Which of the following best assesses colonial religious culture on the eve of the Great Awakening?
A) Puritan ministers held colonists firmly in their grip.
B) The Anglican Church dominated religious life throughout the colonies, but particularly in the Middle Atlantic.
C) Colonists were far less religiously active than their ancestors had been.
D) Catholic immigrants and German Lutherans had reduced the diversity of denominations significantly.
Q:
George Whitefield's greatest contribution to the Great Awakening was his __________.
A) intellectually rigorous theological system
B) insistence that the Church of England was the only true church
C) ability to stir an audience emotionally by his oratory
D) strong appeal to the religious establishment
Q:
The restrictions of English mercantilism on the colonial economies __________.
A) destroyed the thriving indigo and cotton plantations
B) bankrupted New England shipbuilders
C) were greatly lessened by governmental inefficiency
D) prohibited the importation of slaves
Q:
Why was there a shortage of hard money in the colonies?
A) American smugglers too often traded with French merchants in exchange for bills of exchange.
B) The Bank of England maintained a deflationary interest rate that prompted Englishmen to hoard money.
C) The value of the consumer goods Americans bought from England exceeded that of their exported goods and services.
D) The Navigation Acts prohibited the exchange of hard currency in Atlantic commerce.
Q:
The system of Navigation Acts originated in the 1650s in response to the stiff commercial competition offered by the __________.
A) Dutch
B) French
C) Spanish
D) Portuguese
Q:
Beginning in the 1650s, Parliament tried to prohibit foreign goods and vessels from colonial ports and to channel colonial raw materials to England through which of the following?
A) Mercantile Acts
B) Colonial Trade Office
C) Board of Trade
D) Navigation Acts
Q:
Which of the following regions were the most successful colonies within the economic system of mercantilism?
A) New England
B) the Caribbean islands
C) Ireland
D) the Middle Atlantic
Q:
A fundamental goal of mercantilist policy was to do which of the following?
A) secure the production of raw materials in the mother country rather than in its colonies
B) eliminate obstacles to free trade
C) secure the acquisition of raw materials in the colonies and have the colonies import manufactured goods from the mother country
D) guarantee the import of manufactured goods from colonies because of their cheap labor supply
Q:
Which of the following accurately assesses the role of the Privy Council in Britain's mercantile economy?
A) The Council provided colonial governments with an opportunity to shape Atlantic trade policies.
B) The Council assumed the responsibility of setting constitutional precedent for mercantile trade law.
C) the Privy Council incurred the wrath of colonists with its vigorous interference in intra-colonial trade.
D) The Council exercised its responsibility of annulling colonial laws without coherence or regularity.
Q:
In the 1680s, James II tried to unify royal control of the northern colonies by creating which of the following?
A) Board of Trade
B) Dominion of New England
C) Office of Colonial Administration
D) Dominion of North America
Q:
How did colonial legislatures exercise power over colonial governors?A) They withheld their salary.B) They voted him out of office.C) They complained to ParliamentD) They appealed to the courts.
Q:
One of the few advantages a colonial governor had in conflicts with his colonial subjects was his __________.
A) permanent tenure of office
B) complete freedom to maneuver without restrictions imposed on him by the king
C) financial independence from the colonial legislatures
D) power to summon and dismiss the colonial assembly
Q:
How did notions of political and national identity in the American colonies differ from those of Europe?
Q:
Assess the origins and the impact of ethnic and religious diversity on the English colonies of the Middle Atlantic.
Q:
Discuss the impact of religion on the development of New England's colonies.
Q:
Explain the rise of racial slavery in England's North American colonies.
Q:
Compare the colonial societies of New France and New Spain.
Q:
The "Paxton Boys" revolt in Pennsylvania __________.
A) revealed western dissatisfaction with England
B) was led by German tradesmen
C) revealed western dissatisfaction with the state assembly
D) was led by Benjamin Franklin
Q:
Who was the New York printer whose trial for seditious libel became one of the most celebrated tests of freedom of the press in the history of journalism?
A) James Hamilton
B) John Peter Zenger
C) Benjamin Franklin
D) Jacob Leisler
Q:
Both Leisler's Rebellion and the "Paxton Boys" uprising __________.
A) successfully overthrew existing colonial governments
B) challenged the traditional authority of masters over their slaves
C) led to more women assuming public authority
D) were challenges by outsiders to those who traditionally had power in colonial governments
Q:
Which group was most likely to settle in the backcountry of Pennsylvania?
A) Welsh
B) French
C) Scots-Irish
D) English
Q:
In the mid-eighteenth century, German immigrants dominated which of the following regions?
A) the modern-day Midwest
B) southeastern Pennsylvania
C) the Hudson River Valley
D) the Carolinas
Q:
Because of their ethnic and religious heterogeneity, the colonies which possessed traits that later would be seen as distinctly "American" were __________.
A) the Middle Colonies
B) North and South Carolina
C) Virginia and Maryland
D) the New England colonies
Q:
What became the driving force of the colonial New England economy?
A) small textile factories and their workers
B) maritime trade and those engaged in it
C) banking and financial services
D) fishing and whaling
Q:
Which American crop which was easily cultivated and, in the form of liquor, easy to transport and store?
A) potatoes
B) wheat
C) corn
D) pumpkins
Q:
In 1636 the Massachusetts General Court appropriated funds for the first college in America, which was later named __________.
A) Columbia
B) Yale
C) William and Mary
D) Harvard
Q:
Who called for the end of the executions of Salem's "witches" because "it were better that ten witches should escape, than that one innocent person should be condemned"?
A) William Phips
B) Mary Phips
C) Increase Mather
D) Cotton Mather
Q:
The main evidence presented against the accused witches in Salem Village was the __________.
A) sudden increase in birth deformities among livestock
B) frightening total solar eclipse of that year
C) recent and devastating typhoid fever epidemic
D) raving testimony of young girls
Q:
As a result of the Glorious Revolution in 1688, __________ became a royal colony in the early 1690s.
A) Georgia
B) Pennsylvania
C) Virginia
D) Massachusetts
Q:
The Puritans justified laws requiring church attendance and establishing the death penalty for blaspheming a parent on the grounds that they __________.
A) followed the early Christian practices described in the New Testament
B) were based on government's role as a civil covenant designed to police and maintain social order
C) were intended to create a society that promoted individual religious liberty
D) needed to restore order because of rampant crime in the colony
Q:
Under the terms of the Half-Way Covenant, __________.
A) unbaptized church members could receive communion but could not present their own children for baptism
B) only those who could give evidence of God's grace could become even halfway members of the church
C) halfway members of the church and their children could be baptized, but could not receive communion
D) churches and merchants agreed to meet each other halfway in their dispute over excess profit.
Q:
Which of the following properly assesses the living conditions for women in colonial New England?
A) Their lives were generally sheltered and isolated.
B) The commitment to equality in the Anglican Church provided them with plenty of opportunities.
C) Religious freedom gave them the chance to work as priests.
D) They were mothers, but they also were in charge of household production.
Q:
Colonial women generally, and New England women in particular, were __________.
A) better educated than colonial men
B) seen by men as primarily mothers and wives
C) able to vote in town meetings and hold local office
D) routinely involved in civic and political affairs
Q:
A basic characteristic of the colonial family, especially in New England, was _________.
A) large numbers of women never married because they worked full time
B) a family group that was both nuclear and patriarchal
C) the much lower status of women than in Europe
D) almost total equality between men and women
Q:
Which of the following was at the center of the Puritans' plan for the proper ordering of society?
A) free marketplace economy
B) necessity for religious toleration
C) concept of the covenant
D) absolute separation of church and state
Q:
Compared to the early colonists in the Chesapeake, those in colonial New England had which of the following?
A) undependable water supplies
B) a far healthier habitat
C) scattered and isolated settlements
D) many more deaths due to malaria
Q:
By 1750, what distinguished North America's English colonies from those of France, Spain, or the Netherlands?
A) Whereas nearly a million Europeans inhabited England's colonies, those of France and Spain had attracted relatively few settlers.
B) Whereas other European colonies had rejected slavery, English colonies were dominated by African slavery.
C) Whereas English colonies were demographically homogeneous, other European colonies were examples of diversity.
D) Whereas Indians lived harmoniously and peacefully alongside other European settlers, English colonies fought them at every turn.
Q:
What united settlers in the English colonies of North America?
A) their common language
B) their dependence on slavery
C) their hatred of the English king
D) their craving for land
Q:
What connected colonists in the Middle Colonies to the slave regimes of the Caribbean?
A) Pennsylvania farmers often bought their slaves in the Caribbean.
B) New Jersey Quakers frequently bought rum from Jamaica plantations.
C) New York Dutch settlers often originated from the Dutch West Indies.
D) Mid-Atlantic wheat farmers typically exported their crop to the Caribbean where it fed the slave populations.
Q:
What was the implication of having an "established" religion like the Anglican Church in colonies like Virginia or Maryland?
A) Every citizen had to pay 10 percent of his or her income to the Anglican Church.
B) All laws had to be approved by the church.
C) It had the same legal status and privilege as any other religious group.
D) Its ministers were supported by public funds.
Q:
Formal education for average children in the southern colonies was __________.
A) almost nonexistent in their rural society
B) highly developed, with public funding of primary, secondary, and college levels
C) patterned after the village system used in New England
D) not valued, even by the wealthy planter elite
Q:
Which statement about black resistance to slavery is true?
A) There was little to no personal violence between blacks and whites because of the deterrent effects of harsh punishments.
B) Most runaway slaves were field hands.
C) Slaves with valuable skills were treated better and were less likely to run away.
D) Organized slave rebellions were infrequent.
Q:
Why did Spanish officials ask Franciscan missionaries to establish missions along the California coastline in the 1760s?
A) They were concerned about the spiritual well-being of California Indians.
B) They wanted to create a network of support for the presidios in the region.
C) They wanted to cement Spanish claims on the region in light of Russian and British colonization efforts.
D) They were eager to have the Franciscan order prove itself in its service to the king.
Q:
What made the French settlement project in Mississippi so difficult?
A) the resistance of Spanish marauders.
B) the smuggling practices of English merchants
C) the ferocious resistance of Plains Indians
D) the region's maze of swamps and rivers
Q:
Colonial regulations governing the behavior of blacks __________.
A) were forced on the colonies by the British
B) were part of each colony's basic constitution
C) allowed free blacks to vote and serve on juries
D) gave blacks no civil rights and involved severe punishments
Q:
Slave labor so dominated the rice plantations of __________ from its founding that by 1730 a majority of its population was black.
A) Georgia
B) Florida
C) Virginia
D) South Carolina
Q:
Throughout the colonial era, small-scale manufacturing in the southern colonies __________.
A) was more important than agriculture
B) stagnated
C) was comparable to that in the northern colonies
D) was instrumental in promoting rapid urban growth
Q:
The South Carolina cash crop of indigo __________.
A) could be grown side by side with rice in the paddies along the seacoast
B) was resisted by the British woolens industry, which sought to prohibit its production
C) displaced tobacco, which had been an earlier cash crop of the colony
D) was introduced by plantation owner Eliza Lucas
Q:
What made Bacon's Rebellion so dangerous to Virginia's elite?
A) It involved an alliance between Indians and poor English settlers.
B) It pitted Virginia against its neighboring colonies.
C) It turned Parliament against Virginia's aristocracy.
D) It derived its strength from the solidarity of poor English settlers, servants, and slaves.