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Q:
Which of the following accurately assesses the significance of Bacon's Rebellion?
A) The colonial elite learned the importance of securing cheap labor that would never acquire political power.
B) The colonial elite learned the value of political concessions and fair wages for the sake of social stability.
C) Virginia's working poor learned the value of unionization.
D) Virginians generally began to resent the inequality inherent to agriculture.
Q:
In which state did Bacon's Rebellion occur?
A) Pennsylvania
B) Massachusetts
C) South Carolina
D) Virginia
Q:
Why was the expansion of tobacco cultivation an economic problem in Virginia by the end of the seventeenth century?
A) It led to a slump in prices.
B) It prompted competition from New England.
C) The availability of land in the Chesapeake was severely limited.
D) The smoking habits of the colonists started to affect their health and productivity.
Q:
Why did King James I object to the cultivation of tobacco in Virginia?
A) He feared that smoking was an unhealthy habit for his subjects.
B) He did not see the commercial value of a crop that would literally go up in smoke.
C) He understood that the French had already established far better tobacco plantations in the Caribbean.
D) He did not want colonists to compete with English tobacco planters.
Q:
What was the great staple of the Virginia colonial economy?
A) cotton
B) tobacco
C) indigo
D) sugar cane
Q:
Which of the following assessments of French"Indian relations in the northern hinterlands is most accurate?
A) Religious intolerance made it next to impossible for French settlers to communicate with native tribes.
B) Native Americans were drawn to French culture and society and as a result cooperated more willingly with them.
C) Fur traders often married Indians and learned their languages and cultural practices.
D) The largely urban settlements of the French remained almost completely isolated from native tribes.
Q:
Slavery of blacks in the British colonies was __________.
A) unique, since no other colonial nation had ever enslaved blacks
B) simply copied from the institution of slavery already existing in England
C) restricted to the southern colonies
D) firmly established by laws in Virginia and Maryland as early as 1660
Q:
Which of the following statements best describes the African experience in the English North America in 1640?
A) Africans were treated equally as English indentured servants.
B) The African experience in English North America was much like that of slaves on the sugar islands in the Caribbean.
C) Some Africans were slaves, but others were free.
D) Africans mostly encountered English North America through the maritime trade.
Q:
Which of the following was an effect of indentured servitude on southern society?
A) Most indentured servants were unable to become landowners.
B) Those with capital were doubly rewarded with land and labor for the price of labor alone.
C) Small farms became more prosperous than large plantations.
D) Quitrents given directly to servants upon indenture created tremendous prosperity among that social class.
Q:
Why was indentured servitude much worse for women than it was for men?
A) European women were not used to hard labor.
B) Women in the colonies had much higher death rates than men.
C) Women had their time of service extended if they became pregnant.
D) Women's indenture contracts were longer because the English believed that women worked more slowly.
Q:
In some colonies, landowners paid an annual tax called a __________ as a way for European nations to derive income from their colonies.
A) servitude
B) deferential
C) indenture
D) quitrent
Q:
What did the early experience of Jamestown in the Chesapeake teach the London Company about colonial development?
A) Without Native American assistance, colonial settlements were doomed to fail.
B) Without African slavery, English colonial settlements would not survive.
C) Colonial societies could only prosper with diverse economic development and urban centers.
D) A colony stood little chance at succeeding if its settlers were not allowed to own their own land.
Q:
Which of the following was notably cheap and in abundant supply in the Chesapeake colonies in the seventeenth century?
A) tobacco
B) labor
C) land
D) sugar
Q:
White women in the colonial Chesapeake region __________.
A) benefited from the healthy climate and the orderly society
B) greatly outnumbered men and found it difficult to marry
C) usually lived on luxurious plantations with the most modern conveniences
D) found it easy to remarry if they were widowed
Q:
Until late in the eighteenth century, the Chesapeake Bay area was characterized by a __________.
A) surplus of women settlers
B) well-ordered, church-dominated society
C) high death rate
D) large number of unmarried widows
Q:
Which of the following made the missionaries' job of turning California Indians into Spaniards particularly difficult?
A) California was dryer than any other province in New Spain.
B) California's dense population of French fur trappers interrupted the mission project.
C) The powerful tribe of the Apache had created a formidable united Indian empire in California.
D) With 300 tribes and nearly a hundred different languages, missionaries faced huge cultural obstacles.
Q:
Spain's northern frontier of New Mexico and Texas was characterized by which of the following?
A) powerful missions that instilled nomadic tribes with deeply Catholic beliefs
B) complete domination of Plains Indians by Spain's military outposts
C) a total and effective enslavement of the Indians
D) powerful Comanche resistance to the Spanish aided by their use of horses and guns
Q:
According to your text, the answer to the question, "What is an American?" is that Americans __________.
A) were mostly Europeans whose institutions easily fit American conditions
B) have shared a common religious devotion
C) have had faith in democracy and freedom
D) have an identity deeply rooted in their history, but still incomplete and evolving
Q:
Discuss the challenges that almost doomed the Jamestown colony to suffer the same fate as the Roanoke experiment.
Q:
Explain the most important aspects of the Columbian exchange
Q:
Explain the significance of religion in the formation of the New England colonies.
Q:
Why did other European nations increasingly compete with Spain over colonial possessions in the Americas in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
Q:
Explain why the Spanish established a colonial empire in the Americas.
Q:
According to your text, which of the following best describes the relative impact of Native American and European cultures on each other?
A) Europeans profited extensively; Native Americans gained nothing.
B) The influence of European culture was limited to those tribes in immediate contact with colonies.
C) The Europeans and the Indians became interdependent.
D) Native American culture had no impact on Europeans, whereas European culture totally transformed Native American societies.
Q:
Which of the following was domesticated by many tribes to form a staple of their diet and contributed enormously to the success of the English colonies?
A) cattle
B) corn
C) rice
D) wheat
Q:
The cultural chasm between Europeans and Indians was most evident in the area of __________.
A) religion, because the language barrier prevented the "worthy" Indians from being properly converted to Christianity
B) material property, because Europeans could not understand why Indians were so devoted to amassing vast collections of personal property.
C) warfare, because Europeans fought in large groups to destroy their enemies whereas Indians fought more often to display their courage or avenge a wrong
D) gender relations, because Europeans were angered by the fact that Indian women refused to work in the fields
Q:
A chief source of conflict between Europeans and Native Americans was the European misunderstanding of the Native Americans' __________.
A) sharp division of labor between men's and women's work
B) common language and culture throughout the hemisphere
C) desire to preserve the environment in its purest state
D) communal idea of land tenure
Q:
The attitude of most Native Americans toward their environment can be seen in the way they __________.
A) feared Satan's control of nature
B) obeyed God's command to dominate and subdue nature
C) diverted rivers, cleared fields, and built roads
D) allowed the wilderness to remain pristine
Q:
Most Europeans considered the Native Americans to be __________.
A) contemptible heathens
B) their equals in every way
C) people who should be left alone
D) the lost tribe of Canaan
Q:
Which of the following contributed to the success of the colony of Pennsylvania?
A) the presence of settled colonies nearby
B) a uniform group of settlers
C) the small number of settlers in the colony
D) the revolutionary democratic institutions established by Penn
Q:
Who was the proprietor of the colony founded as a haven for Quakers?
A) Lord Baltimore
B) William Penn
C) John Oriole
D) Sir John Colleton
Q:
The Quakers' religious beliefs were based on which of the following?
A) submission to governmental authority
B) a hierarchical society led by a hereditary nobility
C) an educated and ordained ministry
D) direct, mystical experience of religious truth
Q:
New York was an English colony because the English __________.
A) planted a colony there before any other colonizing power
B) immigrants to the area gradually overwhelmed foreign interests
C) captured the area from the Dutch
D) defeated the French in the War of Spanish Succession
Q:
__________ traders were most likely to see Indians as essential trading partners.
A) American
B) English
C) French
D) Spanish
Q:
The colony whose charter was a grandiose plan, written with the help of political philosopher John Locke and designed to recreate a hereditary nobility and feudal society, was __________.
A) New York
B) Maryland
C) New Jersey
D) Carolina
Q:
The religion of Maryland's colonists was __________.
A) partly Protestant, but a large majority were Catholic
B) almost entirely Puritan
C) partly Catholic, but a large majority were Protestant
D) almost entirely Catholic
Q:
Which colony was founded as a religious refuge for Catholics?
A) Rhode Island
B) New Jersey
C) Virginia
D) Maryland
Q:
In the proprietary colony, the proprietor's income resulted primarily from which of the following?
A) profits gained from trading with the Native Americans
B) annual rents from lands granted to settlers
C) import and export duties paid by the colonists
D) payments from the monarchy
Q:
Why was Anne Hutchinson banished from the Massachusetts colony?
A) She demanded the right to vote for women.
B) She questioned the truth of the Bible.
C) She claimed to regularly receive divine insights.
D) She was convicted of devil worship in a witchcraft trial.
Q:
Rhode Island, distinguished for its religious freedom and rigid separation of church and state, was founded by __________.
A) Roger Williams
B) Thomas Hooker
C) William Bradford
D) John Winthrop
Q:
What prompted Roger Williams to leave Salem in the fall of 1635?
A) Due to economic pressure by the General Court, his congregation turned against him.
B) The king ordered Williams to leave the colony.
C) He got an invitation from the governor of the colony of Virginia to build a congregation there.
D) The Puritan rulers of Massachusetts threatened him with a trial for witchcraft.
Q:
The Puritan commonwealth of Massachusetts Bay was characterized by which of the following?
A) true and complete democracy
B) practical democracy
C) communal holding of land
D) toleration for all religions
Q:
Who was the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
A) Edward Winslow
B) William Bradford
C) John Smith
D) John Winthrop
Q:
According to the leaders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the inspiration for their organization stemmed from which of the following?
A) a proclamation by Queen Elizabeth I
B) the Mayflower Compact
C) a treaty with the natives
D) the divine
Q:
Why did many Puritans leave England around 1630 to settle in Massachusetts Bay?
A) Jamestown and Plymouth were economically successful.
B) Anglican cleric William Laud was removing ministers with Puritan sympathies and tightening his centralized control of the church.
C) They read about the amazing fertility of the land and decided they would gain great wealth overnight.
D) Anglican cleric William Laud ordered them to forfeit their property or leave.
Q:
The religious dissenters who established Plymouth colony were the __________.
A) Ranters
B) Quakers
C) Puritans
D) Pilgrims
Q:
The Mayflower Compact was an early example of the idea that __________.
A) a society should be based on a set of rules chosen by its members
B) a colony should treat the Native Americans honestly and fairly
C) the colonists needed to have a financial stake in their success
D) toleration of all religions is a foundation of American society
Q:
What was the primary reason that the Pilgrims left England?
A) They were expelled from England by the government.
B) They believed the Church of England was too corrupt to save.
C) They wanted to form a profitable trading company.
D) They wanted to establish a colony where everyone could have freedom of religion.
Q:
Puritans objected to the Anglican interpretation of predestination because it implied that __________.
A) the morality of individual behavior on earth had no effect on God's decision about a person's salvation
B) people who knew they were saved need not be bound by earthly laws
C) a person's good conduct might cause God to change His mind and save a person
D) the correctness of an individual's religious beliefs had no effect on whether a person was saved or damned
Q:
Why did King James revoke the charter of the London Company in 1624?
A) The company has mishandled its funds.
B) The company had refused to send more settlers to the Chesapeake.
C) The company rejected the practice of tobacco cultivation and wanted to continue the search for gold.
D) The colony continued to struggle to survive and failed to pay dividends.
Q:
Between 1606 and 1622, the London Company, which established the Virginia Colony, __________.
A) was one of the most profitable trading companies ever established
B) sent out thousands of settlers, more than half of whom died
C) invested very little money in the project but guided it effectively
D) populated the colony with convicts and paupers
Q:
Initially, the Powhatan Native Americans reacted to the Virginia colonists by __________.
A) helping them survive
B) worshipping them as gods
C) eagerly accepting their religion
D) rapidly adopting their technology
Q:
The eventual success of the Virginia settlement depended largely upon the __________.
A) overthrow of Captain John Smith's dictatorial leadership
B) negotiation of peace treaties with the Native Americans
C) voluntary withdrawal of the London merchants from involvement in the colony's affairs
D) cultivation of tobacco
Q:
Which of the following best summarizes the reasons for the demise of so many of the first settlers of Jamestown?
A) They died from ignorance and folly.
B) They lacked immunity to malaria.
C) They could not have anticipated the lack of food in the Chesapeake.
D) The presence of hostile natives took them by surprise.
Q:
For what purpose did the London Company secure a charter?
A) to secure religious freedom
B) to spread Christianity
C) to relieve unemployment in England
D) to make money
Q:
The earliest British colonies were initially financed by __________.
A) Elizabeth I
B) joint-stock companies
C) James I
D) Protestant dissenters
Q:
Who led the initiative to found English colonies in North America?
A) Protestant reformers
B) Queen Elizabeth
C) military leaders
D) merchant capitalists
Q:
In arguing for royal assistance for English colonization, Richard Hakluyt stressed which of the following?
A) the military advantages of building forts to threaten Spanish treasure fleets
B) the likelihood of settling religious dissenters and criminals in the New World
C) the possibilities of jointly exploiting the New World with Spain
D) the need to prevent Dutch expansion
Q:
Spain could no longer block English entry into the New World because of the __________.
A) Treaty of Castile with Philip II of Spain
B) success of Walter Raleigh's colony at Roanoke Island
C) English destruction of the invading Spanish Armada
D) collapse of Spanish settlements in what became New England
Q:
Who was the bold captain encouraged by Queen Elizabeth I to plunder Spanish merchant ships on the high seas?
A) Martin Frobisher
B) Sir Walter Raleigh
C) Humphrey Gilbert
D) Francis Drake
Q:
Which king brought the Protestant Reformation to England by declaring himself head of the English Church in order to divorce his first wife?
A) Charles V
B) Henry VIII
C) James I
D) Richard III
Q:
What was one of the major reasons for the popular appeal of the Protestant Reformation?
A) Italian merchants realized it made fewer financial demands on them than Catholicism.
B) Political figures could use its challenge to Rome's spiritual authority in order to increase their power.
C) The Catholic church made many enemies by strongly attacking luxury and corruption.
D) It encouraged democratic revolutions to overthrow monarchies throughout Europe.
Q:
The exploration and exploitation of the Americas in the sixteenth century was dominated by which country?
A) Holland
B) Spain
C) England
D) France
Q:
If the reaction of Florida Indians to the landing of Sir Francis Drake's crew at St. Augustine is any indication, how did natives typically make sense of the deadly diseases Europeans brought across the ocean?
A) The blamed their own failing healthcare practices.
B) They understood the deadly diseases as a divine power on the side of the Europeans.
C) They understood it for what it wasa communicable disease.
D) They blamed the weather and their own poor diet.
Q:
When discussing the question of the terrible decimation of the Native American peoples after 1500, your text concludes that most deaths resulted from which of the following?
A) European diseases
B) intertribal warfare
C) modern weaponry
D) extermination of traditional game
Q:
In the 1670s thousands of Pueblo rebelled to drive the __________.
A) Spanish from New Mexico
B) Americans out of Arizona
C) Spanish from Florida
D) French out of Texas
Q:
Spain's American empire is best described as __________.
A) treating the Indians as equals by establishing joint ventures with them
B) seeing the Americas as lands of opportunity and freedom, yet fearing other countries might introduce slavery
C) failing totally to transplant Spanish culture in the Americas
D) trying to implant Spanish civilization and introduce Christianity, but also committing unprovoked aggression
Q:
By the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494), Spain had authority to exploit all of __________.
A) North and South America except Brazil
B) Africa and the Middle East except Egypt
C) South America except Colombia
D) North America and Central America, but not South America
Q:
How did Christopher Columbus characterize the natives of San Salvador?
A) He described them as fierce and dangerous warriors.
B) He praised their intelligence and civilization.
C) He marveled at the women's beauty and their suitability as wives for Spaniards.
D) He described them as poor warriors who could easily be subdued.
Q:
When Columbus landed in America, the chief reason that he thought he had landed in "the Indies" was __________.
A) the ease with which the natives understood his language
B) his discovery of the place of the Grand Khan
C) his firm belief that he had sailed far enough westward to reach them
D) the plants there were similar to those in Asia
Q:
Why did Prince Henry end up in the Canaries?
A) He was hoping to establish the slave trade there.
B) He had heard of the profitable sugar plantations on the islands.
C) He was on his way westward to find a new route to Asia.
D) He got lost as he was trying to trace the steps of Christopher Columbus.
Q:
Which characteristic of Vasco da Gama's voyage was typical for European sailors at the time?
A) He traveled to India.
B) His journey took him around the African continent.
C) His ships were manned by slaves.
D) He hugged the coastline and did not venture far across open water.
Q:
Why did Columbus and other early explorers search for a direct all-water route to Asia?
A) They hoped to gain easier access to highly valued Asian goods.
B) They could help western Europe win the Crusades against the Muslims.
C) They could prove that the earth was round rather than flat.
D) They thought Japan and China were rich and not the poor countries Marco Polo described.
Q:
What broader economic developments led to Eurasian cultures that were notably different from American ones?
Q:
Compare and contrast the different explanations for the demise of native urban centers in the Americas between 1200 and 1500.
Q:
What explains the different cultural and economic developments among natives in North and South America?
Q:
How did the diffusion of corn change Native American cultures?
Q:
How did the hunting practices of the Clovis complex culture shape the development of native people in the Americas?
Q:
Which of the following was the source of much unrest and turmoil in fifteenth century Europe?
A) drought
B) a weather pattern known as the small ice age
C) overpopulation and scarcity
D) Christopher Columbus
Q:
Which of the following statements about Christendom in the fourteenth century is accurate?
A) It dominated Europe as well as Northern Africa.
B) It had established cities and institutions of learning far superior to those of Islam or China.
C) It was the only monotheistic religion in Eurasia at the time.
D) It stimulated a civilization far less consequential than those of China or Islam at the time.