Q&A Hero

Q: After 1890, the U.S. Navy's building program __________. a. was called off altogether to help balance the federal budget b. began to concentrate on fast, lightly armored commerce raiders c. began to emphasize static coastal defenses over building ships d. shifted to the construction of a battleship navy with offensive striking power e. started using steel steamships instead of sailing vessels

Q: President Lincoln's Reconstruction plans were committed to __________. a. punish the South for provoking the Civil War b. racial equality for the freedmen c. sharing decisions with Congress on Reconstruction policies d. rapid readmission of the southern states to the Union e. protecting the rights of African Americans

Q: To what was French historian Alexis de Tocqueville referring when he wrote "that democratic principles should [not] undermine the husband's authority and make it doubtful who is in charge of the family"? a. In France, unlike in the United States, women experienced true democracy both inside and outside the home. b. In the United States, women did not experience true democracy inside or outside their homes. c. In the United States, unlike in France, women experienced true democracy both inside and outside the home. d. Democracy undermined women's rights and safety in the American home. e. United States democracy supported and established women's rights in the American home.

Q: Why did many African Americans in the North take up arms to fight the British? a. They believed that the king and the British Parliament were solely responsible for their lack of freedom. b. They felt that the British had unfairly taxed them without offering representation in Congress. c. They believed that the Americans were more likely to win the war. d. They felt that the army was the safest place for them to be at the time. e. They felt that the Americans were more likely to free them from slavery if they sided with them.

Q: Which group overwhelmingly supported Carter in the 1980 presidential election? a. African Americans b. blue-collar workers c. Jewish voters d. the Sunbelt states e. the South

Q: Franklin D. Roosevelt and his advisers believed that a __________ of production would restore purchasing power to farmers. a. reduction b. increase c. redistribution d. expropriation e. monitoring

Q: In response to the successful American revolt in Hawaii in 1893, Grover Cleveland __________. a. immediately annexed the islands b. restored the queen to power c. apologized to the Hawaiian people d. refused to recognize the new government e. tried, but failed, to restore the queen to power

Q: The term Reconstruction refers to the __________.a. period immediately following the Civil Warb. attempt to rebuild Atlantac. Gettysburg struggled. treatment of African Americans after the Emancipation Proclamatione. attempt to change Confederate ideas about slavery

Q: How did the two-party political system of 1840 differ from the previous system?a. In 1840, there was a two-party system that only allowed for two candidates, while in Jefferson's time, there were many parties and candidates.b. In 1840, the two-party system was regionally organized, meaning there were more than two candidates; in Jefferson's time, parties were national.c. In 1840, the two-party system dominated political, social, and economic life; during Jefferson's time, political parties had little impact on people's lives.d. In 1840, the two-party system had little impact on people's lives, whereas political parties of Jefferson's time affected politics, social life, and economics.e. In 1840, there were no real differences between the two parties, so voters had no real choice, while previously political parties and candidates had varied greatly.

Q: What was the role of the colonial militias? a. They played a decisive role in several major battles. b. They kept the slave population in line. c. They maintained political control in areas not occupied by British troops. d. They consisted mainly of African Americans. e. They would sometimes switch sides if they did not get paid.

Q: In 1979, revolutionaries in __________ took U.S. diplomats hostage. a. Afghanistan b. Iran c. Iraq d. Israel e. Pakistan

Q: Which New Deal program did the Supreme Court declare unconstitutional? a. Commodity Credit Corporation b. Civilian Conservation Corps c. National Recovery Administration d. Tennessee Valley Authority e. Civil Works Administration

Q: During the Cleveland administration, which nation did the United States almost go to war with over a Latin America boundary dispute? a. Germany b. Great Britain c. Venezuela d. Mexico e. Spain

Q: How did the role of government change as a result of the Civil War? a. More power was given to local governments instead of the state and federal levels. b. The federal government became less involved in economic policy. c. All constitutional restrictions on federal government were dissolved. d. The federal government became recognized as supreme over state governments. e. State governments were confirmed as being supreme over the federal government.

Q: What did Whigs mean by "executive usurpation"? a. Whigs felt that Jackson had usurped the executive presidential power by abusing the Constitution in the nullification crisis and Bank War. b. Whigs meant that Democrats had usurped the executive power by creating a corrupt bargain between President Adams and Henry Clay. c. Whigs believed that Jackson was a weak president who ceded too much control to state governments and therefore had to be usurped. d. Whigs wanted to usurp Jackson's executive powers by winning back the presidency. e. Whigs rallied behind Jackson against Adams whom they saw as a tyrannical executive who had usurped the democratic powers of the presidency.

Q: Which of the following explains why England lost the Revolutionary War? a. The British government did not believe it could win the war. b. British finances could not support the war. c. British strategists did not understand how to fight the war. d. George III never supported the war effort. e. British soldiers sympathized with the Americans.

Q: The Camp David Accords provided a framework for peace negotiations between __________. a. the United States and the Soviet Union b. North Vietnam and South Vietnam c. Iran and the United States d. Israel and Egypt e. the Soviet Union and China

Q: The National Recovery Administration experienced problems, including __________. a. the trade codes were too simple to achieve needed change b. the trade codes favored small businesses over larger competitors c. high wages led to management discontent d. companies could easily avoid the collective bargaining requirement e. the appeal for patriotic public support fell on deaf ears

Q: James G. Blaine's greatest diplomatic success was __________. a. the purchase of Alaska b. securing home rule for Canada c. settling the Alabama claims with Britain d. paving the way for the establishment of the Pan-American Union e. averting a war with Britain over the boundary of Venezuela

Q: What was a key reason for the South's defeat in the Civil War? a. The Confederacy lacked a single competent general to lead its troops. b. Southern planters were reluctant to start growing food crops instead of cash crops. c. Confederate armies lacked the conviction to fight a prolonged war with the North. d. The South was too industrialized to adapt well to a wartime economy. e. The northern troops were better individual soldiers than Confederate troops.

Q: Why was the Panic of 1837 significant for President Van Buren? a. Van Buren had to respond but was hampered by his own political party's laissez-faire policies, dooming his reelection. b. Whigs blamed Van Buren for the crisis, further strengthening their popular appeal. c. Democrats blamed Van Buren for the crisis, further strengthening their popular appeal. d. Van Buren responded contrary to his political party's laissez-faire policies, forcing the economy into enough of a rebound to win him a second term. e. His predecessor, Jackson, had caused the crisis, so Van Buren was taxed with fixing it without insinuating the panic was caused by the popular Jackson.

Q: What was the significance of Thomas Paine's Common Sense? a. It provided the colonists with a rationale for revolution. b. It acknowledged the sovereignty of the monarch. c. It persuaded colonial elites to sever their ties with Great Britain. d. It had little immediate popularity among the colonists. e. It did not criticize all monarchs, just George III.

Q: President Ford gave an executive order to the CIA in 1975 in which he __________. a. ordered the CIA to focus on domestic rather than international intelligence operations b. ordered the CIA to limit their surveillance to hostile nations c. ordered the CIA to do whatever was necessary to topple Castro d. outlawed assassinations as an instrument of U.S. foreign policy e. outlawed covert surveillance as an instrument of U.S. foreign policy

Q: The National Recovery Administration sought to promote economic recovery by __________. a. reducing corporate taxes b. restoring competition c. experimenting with national economic planning d. implementing classical economic theory e. eliminating all taxes

Q: What did William Seward's foreign policy include? a. avoiding entangling foreign alliances b. concentrating on promoting trade and commerce c. alliances with major European powers d. U.S. domination of the Americas e. U.S. acquisition of Mexico, but not Canada

Q: Some states, such as Arkansas, joined the Confederacy only after the attack at Fort Sumter because they __________. a. believed that secession was a constitutional right b. thought they could convince the South to reunite with the North c. believed it would enhance their economic situation d. thought they could convince the other states to abolish slavery e. believed they could convince the North to accept secession

Q: What did resistance within Jackson's own cabinet suggest about his Bank-killing policies? a. Jackson was a tyrant who would brook no competition. b. Withdrawing funds from the national Bank and depositing them in state banks was probably unconstitutional. c. Killing the Bank was a politically risky act that might damage future senatorial aspirations. d. Jackson was a charismatic leader who orchestrated his actions with the same precision with which he led his army. e. Jackson was a weak president with Congress and the Supreme Court despite his popular appeal.

Q: What was the most important responsibility facing the Second Continental Congress? a. to convince the colonists of the necessity for war b. to win loyalty from the Indians c. to organize the colonies for war d. to find a strong political leader for the nation e. to draft the Declaration of Independence

Q: Who was the first person to become president without being elected president or vice president? a. Gerald Ford b. Richard Nixon c. Jimmy Carter d. George H. W. Bush e. Lyndon Johnson

Q: During the Hundred Days, Roosevelt __________. a. proposed government ownership of major industries b. closed all the banks c. developed a welfare system to aid the aged, disabled, and unemployed d. attempted to pack the Supreme Court with judges sympathetic to his program e. canceled a session of Congress to give himself more time to gain support for his plans

Q: Josiah Strong __________. a. fostered the concept of the righteousness of American expansion b. believed that only missionary work should be done overseas c. had little regard for the theories of Charles Darwin d. hindered American expansion through his religious teachings e. thought foreign trade was unimportant to the United States

Q: As a result of the Civil War, the United States became __________. a. a more highly organized country in which large corporations grew b. more reliant on individuals and small producers for economic progress c. more prone to emulate nostalgic representations of life in the Old South d. more socialistic, and began to address the needs of the poor and the disadvantaged e. militantly anti-corporation

Q: Why was Jackson's view of the 1832 election results suspect? a. He was accused of having made a deal with his close friend, Martin Van Buren, in exchange for electoral college votes. b. He did not win by a very large margin, and yet he took the results to mean the nation supported his Native American removal policies. c. He lost the popular vote but won the electoral college vote, increasing his suspicion that states should not have sovereignty. d. He beat Adams a second time, assuring himself that the nation supported his financial and foreign policies, as they differed greatly from Adams's. e. He had not spoken about the Bank War in his campaign, but took his victory as a mandate that the nation wanted him to kill the national Bank.

Q: What was the main purpose of the Continental Association formed at the First Continental Congress? a. to foster improved relations between the various colonies b. to seek a conservative, peaceful resolution of the political crises of the mid-1770s c. to raise money to feed starving Indians displaced by western settlements d. to maintain a total boycott of all British imports e. to raise and equip armies to fight for the American cause

Q: The birth of the gay liberation movement was __________. a. the Outing b. the founding of ACT UP c. the Stonewall Riots d. the founding of the Gay Activist Alliance e. the founding of the Gay Liberation Front

Q: Which organization hired young men to clear land, plant trees, build bridges, and fish ponds? a. Tennessee Valley Authority b. National Recovery Administration c. Public Works Administration d. Works Progress Administration e. Civilian Conservation Corps

Q: For many political and religious leaders, expansionism __________. a. meant the demise of the American system b. would threaten the purity of the Anglo-Saxon race c. would put the United States into direct conflict with European nations d. would mean the triumph of American civilization around the globe e. went against the ideals of American democracy

Q: After the war, many working-class northern whites were __________. a. eyeing unoccupied agricultural land in the South and considering taking up farming b. fearful that the abolition of slavery would have negative effects on workers in general c. hopeful that the crusade against slavery could broaden into a movement to help workers in general d. unemployed, since the Confederate army had destroyed or disrupted so many northern industries e. feeling fierce anti-immigrant sentiments, since so few immigrants had supported the Union cause

Q: The "kitchen cabinet" was __________. a. Jackson's special staff of gourmet chefs who prepared White House meals, demonstrating his hypocrisy with regard to social deference b. a reference to the fact that the only place Jackson could consult with his official advisors in secrecy was in the White House kitchen c. Jackson's circle of unofficial advisors, so low in social rank that he allegedly had to meet with them in the kitchen d. the oldest piece of furniture in the White House, saved from destruction by then General Jackson when the British burned the executive mansion in 1814 e. where Jackson kept his state papers, demonstrating his humility and true "common man" character

Q: While repealing the Townshend duties, why did the North ministry retain a tax on tea? a. to stabilize prices for tea b. to punish American tea smugglers c. to punish John Hancock, Samuel Adams, and the Sons of Liberty d. to symbolize Parliament's power to tax Americans e. to ensure that tea from England would not be boycotted

Q: The court decision in Roe v. Wade guaranteed women's right to __________. a. attend traditionally all-male schools b. run for public office c. serve in the military d. earn equal pay for equal work e. obtain an abortion

Q: The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was designed to __________. a. bring modernization and jobs to desolate areas of the rural upper South b. help support continued control of electrical power by private companies c. alienate troublesome conservationists in the president's administration d. test the authority of the Supreme Court e. win votes in a largely Republican area of the country

Q: Theodore Roosevelt resigned from his position as __________ to organize the Rough Riders. a. vice president b. secretary of defense c. assistant secretary of defense d. secretary of the navy e. assistant secretary of the navy

Q: Which statement best describes the situation for women in the South after the Civil War?a. The South remained more conservative about women's role in society than the North.b. The South became more liberal about women's role in society than the North.c. The situation of women in southern society did not change as a result of the war.d. Women took the lead in criticizing the Confederate cause and repairing the relationship with the North.e. Southern women became less active in the economy and society as a result of the war.

Q: How did the organization of the Democratic party differ from that of the Whig party? a. The Democratic party was composed of white evangelical Protestants, whereas the Whig party was founded as a more universal group. b. The Democratic party attempted to influence politics with morality, whereas the Whig party was established to champion individual freedom. c. The Democratic party was founded by Andrew Jackson in his second term as president, whereas the Whig party was founded by Adams in his first term. d. The Democratic party supported Jackson's presidency, whereas the Whig party was founded to counter Jackson's attack on the Bank. e. The Whig party was formed to support Jackson's presidency, whereas the Democratic party was founded to counter Jackson's response to the nullification crisis.

Q: Which list places events in the correct order? a. Townshend duties, Boston Tea Party, Boston Massacre, Coercive Acts b. Townshend duties, Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, Coercive Acts c. Boston Tea Party, Coercive Acts, Boston Massacre, Townshend duties d. Coercive Acts, Boston Tea Party, Boston Massacre, Townshend duties e. Boston Tea Party, Boston Massacre, Townshend duties, Coercive Acts

Q: What was the most encouraging economic development for women in the late twentieth century? a. Women's wages largely closed the gap with men's wages. b. Women made great progress in entering male-dominated professions. c. The number of female business owners increased greatly. d. The number of women serving on corporate boards grew rapidly. e. The Equal Rights Amendment was ratified in 1982.

Q: Roosevelt's Hundred Days banking legislation was designed to __________. a. support strong banks and eliminate the weaker ones b. decrease government regulation of U.S. banks c. allow the government to take over the banking system d. give bankers a place in his government e. merge smaller banks with larger ones

Q: What does the following quotation mean: "In 1899, McKinley spoke of lowering tariff barriers in a world that technology had made smaller"? a. After technology had connected the United States to the rest of the world, it made sense to lower taxes on goods to and from other countries. b. Because the population of the United States had been decreasing slowly over the nineteenth century, it made sense to lower taxes on goods from other countries. c. Since the United States was so dependent on technology from other countries, it made sense to lower taxes on this technology. d. Because taxes had decreased over the last decades of the nineteenth century, technology exchange between countries had increased. e. Until taxes on goods exported to other countries were increased, the rest of the world could not benefit from American technology.

Q: How did life change for women as a result of the Civil War?a. Men traumatized from the war were less choosy about partners for marriage.b. Northern women pushed the boundaries of their traditional roles.c. Women were forced into more subservient roles than they had previously occupied.d. Traditional gender inequalities were destroyed and women were seen as equals.e. Women gained the right to vote during the postwar period.

Q: How was Jackson's Force Bill of 1833 connected with slavery? a. South Carolinians feared that if the federal government could force states to obey tariff laws, they could force states to obey antislavery laws. b. Many northerners feared that if southerners required the threat of force to pay tariffs, they would require physical violence to obey antislavery laws. c. The Force Bill of 1833 surprised South Carolinians in that Jackson showed he was willing to force abolitionist ideas on southerners. d. The Force Bill of 1833 required southerners to pay tariffs on all manufactured goods, including slaves traded from Africa and within the South. e. The Force Bill of 1833 put a time limit not only on the slave trade but also on the institution itself.

Q: What was the tone of the Stamp Act Congress? a. extreme radicalism, with some delegates pushing for acts of violence b. restraint and conciliation, with no mention of independence or disloyalty c. bitter division between pro-independence radicals and Loyalists who favored British rule d. angry disputes between various colonies and regions e. antagonistic, with some delegates calling for an immediate declaration of independence

Q: Who was the first woman to be appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court?a. Ruth Bader Ginsburgb. Sandra Day O'Connorc. Eleanor Smeald. Elena Kagane. Bridget Maher

Q: Which terms best describe Hoover's response to the Depression? a. restrained and cautious b. innovative and adaptive c. humanitarian and pragmatic d. socialistically radical e. bumbling and uncertain

Q: Why was silver not just a political or economic issue but also a social movement in the 1890s? a. Those who favored silver coinage identified themselves with urbanization and industrialization. b. Supporting the free coinage of silver meant rejecting all government intervention in economic issues. c. Those who were unemployed tended to fight against the free and independent coinage of silver. d. Those who supported the free coinage of silver also supported other economic programs and could be identified as supporters of change. e. Identifying oneself with silver coinage also indicated one's values and political affiliation.

Q: Which statement best characterizes Sherman's march through Georgia? a. Sherman defied Lincoln by refusing to implement a scorched-earth policy. b. Sherman destroyed almost anything of military or economic value in his path. c. Although he destroyed cities, Sherman was careful to do little damage to infrastructure. d. Sherman avoided major population centers in order to travel as quickly as possible. e. Sherman was careful not to alienate the local population.

Q: Why were most southerners unconcerned about Jackson's fight with South Carolina? a. They knew him to be in sympathy with the abolitionists. b. They knew him to be truly an advocate of extreme state sovereignty. c. He was a southerner and a slaveholder. d. They knew he was unable to prevent Congress from overriding his decisions. e. He was a master politician with the ability to turn enemies into allies.

Q: Which of the following occurred as part of the Stamp Act crisis? a. Newspapers throughout the colonies denounced the Virginia Resolves. b. Colonial leaders from different regions gathered in New York City to petition the king in protest. c. Calls for women to stay out of the political sphere increased. d. Massachusetts reacted so bitterly that the British imposed the Coercive Acts. e. Ordinary men and women were not affected, so protests were small and focused on the elite.

Q: Which of the following is the international oil organization that was most responsible for raising petroleum prices in the 1970s? a. ACT UP b. OPEC c. SALT d. SDI e. ERA

Q: Hoover believed that unemployment relief __________. a. was justified by previous government policies b. would bring about dangerous inflation c. could promote domestic unrest d. should come from private charities e. would be a sign of weakness

Q: What was the general difference between the Democrats and Republicans in the late 1800s?a. Democrats felt that social reform was fundamental to the economic success of the nation, while Republicans felt that government regulation was more important.b. Democrats favored high inflation to boost business, while Republicans favored the free coinage of silver and gold.c. Democrats favored government control of all business, while Republicans wanted very little government regulation of business.d. Democrats tended to favor little federal government intervention, while Republicans believed that the federal government should promote economic and social reform.e. Democrats believed that the federal government should take an active role in economic and social reform, while Republicans favored little government intervention.

Q: What was the main reason for Lincoln's victory in the 1864 presidential campaign? a. The Democratic Party failed to offer a strong candidate. b. Northern morale was high throughout the war and Lincoln had few critics. c. Heavy northern losses rallied the Republican Party behind him. d. A string of northern victories rallied the Republican Party behind Lincoln. e. Lincoln ran unopposed.

Q: What can one can conclude from Jackson's response to the nullification crisis? a. Jackson was a strong supporter of states' rights. b. Jackson believed in the limited use of federal power, but also that states were not truly sovereign. c. Jackson supported the unlimited use of federal power. d. Jackson supported higher tariffs, especially on manufactured goods coming from Europe. e. Jackson supported lower tariffs, especially on manufactured goods going from the South to the North.

Q: How did the Sugar Act differ from earlier regulations, such as the Navigation Acts? a. Its purpose was to show the colonists that they were not in control. b. Its purpose was to show the colonists that they were autonomous. c. It taxed sugar for the specific benefit of the East India Company. d. Its purpose was to collect revenue from the Americans. e. It had nothing to do with trade.

Q: While the United States was home to only 6 percent of the world's population, it was responsible for _______ percent of the world's energy consumption. a. 9 b. 22 c. 40 d. 75 e. 90

Q: The social and economic effects of the Depression __________. a. affected only the wealthier classes b. hit the middle class especially hard c. lasted only a few months past 1929 d. were harsh only in the case of the lower classes e. came to light only gradually

Q: By 1900, toward what new policy was President McKinley attempting to direct the Republican party? a. monetary inflation through silver coinage b. promoting economic growth with subsidies and tariffs c. laissez-faire d. increasing tariff rates again e. decreasing the country's gold supply then in circulation

Q: What caused the New York Riot of July 1863? a. a combination of racial prejudice and class conflict b. a combination of fervent abolitionism and religious zeal c. a strong anti-immigrant sentiment d. economic desperation e. southern agitators who were trying to stir up trouble

Q: Why did South Carolinians protest the tariff of 1828? a. They feared its effect on the price of cotton. b. They saw it as an unfair "northern" law. c. They thought it threatened the institution of slavery. d. They disliked Andrew Jackson. e. Tariffs determined the prices that southerners paid for manufactured goods.

Q: What was the most significant consequence of the Seven Years' War? a. its virtual destruction of American Indians b. Britain's staggering war debt c. the remaining French toehold in Quebec d. the assassination of George II e. a distaste for further fighting by the colonists

Q: What did the greatest economic challenge faced by the Nixon administration involve? a. the reduction of government spending b. a dramatic increase in international oil prices c. the bankruptcy of the Federal Reserve System d. the crisis in American farming e. rampant unemployment

Q: By 1932, what percentage of American workers were unemployed? a. 10 b. 12 c. 25 d. 33 e. 50

Q: Which best describes the decision that shattered the Populist party in 1896? a. endorsement for the presidency of the Democratic candidate William Jennings Bryan b. admission of African Americans to the party's ranks c. nomination of their own candidate, James Weaver, for the presidency d. expulsion of all African American members in an attempt to attract more southern support e. support of free coinage of silver

Q: During the war, the North __________. a. was plagued by the lack of manufactured goods b. suffered from a weak railroad system c. was plagued by a series of violent antidraft riots d. finally overcame the problem of anti-African American racism e. slowly began to starve

Q: How did Jackson's attitude and policies toward Native Americans compare to those of Jefferson? a. Jefferson respected Native Americans and wanted to grant them their rights, whereas Jackson hated Native Americans and wanted to kill them. b. Jefferson always viewed Native Americans as noble savages, whereas Jackson always viewed them as children. c. Both men were ambivalent, tolerating Native Americans sometimes, while allowing for their displacement or murder at other times. d. Both men respected Native Americans and their culture, but were pressured by other politicians to remove them from their land. e. Both men vilified Native Americans, blaming them for the foreign conflicts (especially with Britain and Canada) and economic setbacks.

Q: Which of the following linked religious ideas to the practice of government? a. colonial newspapers b. the Great Awakening c. theories of the Earl of Bute d. ideas from the Commonwealthmen e. the works of John Locke

Q: The Watergate Scandal was based on President Nixon's __________. a. 1972 affair with a young intern at the Republican National Committee b. involvement in ordering an attack on unarmed civilians in Vietnam c. attempts to cover up sources of his campaign funding in the 1972 presidential election d. attempts to bribe the North Vietnamese to agree to end the Vietnam War e. attempts to hide his involvement in a break-in at the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee

Q: What was the most striking characteristic of the stock market in 1929? a. investors' obsession with speculation b. the downward trend of major stocks early in the year c. the government's desire to carefully regulate the market d. the fact that the majority of wage-earning Americans were so heavily involved in it e. its steady advancement through the decade, culminating in record levels in 1929

Q: Why was William Jennings Bryan defeated in 1896? a. He did not campaign directly among the voters. b. He was unable to win Populist support. c. The established eastern press had deserted him. d. Few voters were interested in the campaign. e. He was an awkward and shy speaker.

Q: African American soldiers during the Civil War __________. a. received equal pay to their white counterparts throughout the war b. were mostly free blacks from the North c. served in integrated units under black officers d. participated disproportionately on the front line e. made a vital contribution to the North's victory