Q&A Hero

Q: The most serious consequence of the 1970s oil shock for America was the __________. a. collapse of several Arab states that were friendly to the United States b. loss of international respect for Americans c. decline of the automobile culture in the United States d. beginning of the mass exodus from American suburbs e. rampant inflation that resulted from it

Q: How did Americans respond to the bull market climate on the eve of the great crash in 1929? a. A general sense of caution about the ability of the market to continue to yield such fantastic dividends caused the market to falter. b. Average Americans tended not to invest in the market themselves, instead relying on professional stockbrokers to invest their savings. c. Many Americans looked to the government for guidance on how to invest in such a rapidly growing market. d. Wild optimism about the continued growth of the stock market led Americans to engage in speculative investing practices. e. Wary about the danger of "get rich quick" schemes, many Americans carefully guarded their life savings.

Q: Who was the leader of the Filipino resistance to U.S. occupation of the Philippines? a. Emilio Aguinaldo b. Andres Samoza c. William Howard Taft d. Ferdinand Marcos e. Jose Marti

Q: Which constitutional amendment attempted to give civil rights to the former slaves? a. Thirteenth b. Fourteenth c. Fifteenth d. Sixteenth e. Seventeenth

Q: If a former slave could not prove he or she had been legally freed, then he or she was likely to be __________. a. reenslaved b. deported c. arrested d. fined e. executed

Q: __________ caused the most important changes in voting patterns in the immediate postwar years. a. The tremendous loss of male lives b. Western migration c. The dramatically increased standard of living d. The Articles of Confederation e. The movement of state capitals to more central locations

Q: Why did Saudi Arabia cut off oil shipments to the United States in 1973? a. Saudi Arabia wanted to force U.S. intervention in the October War. b. Saudi Arabia feared Soviet retaliation if it continued to supply the United States with oil. c. President Carter was refusing to pay full price for Saudi oil shipments. d. The United States had become involved in the conflict in Nicaragua. e. The United States had sent emergency aid to Israel during the October War.

Q: Why did farmers during the Great Depression resort to such extreme measures as dumping fresh milk into the streets? a. Like many other Americans during the Great Depression, farmers fell victim to despair and lost hope in the future. b. The shipping industry had been so devastated by the Great Depression that farmers had no way to get their produce to market. c. Farmers hoped to create demand and drive up prices for their products. d. Due to widespread poverty among the American population, few families could afford to buy milk. e. The government had instituted milk rationing, which resulted in the overproduction of milk by dairy farmers.

Q: The Philippine-American War was __________. a. a minor event for Americans b. more costly than the Spanish-American War c. fought in a traditional manner d. never completely resolved e. over even before the Spanish-American War

Q: Which constitutional amendment was opposed by Andrew Johnson? a. Thirteenth b. Fourteenth c. Fifteenth d. Sixteenth e. Seventeenth

Q: The typical way for most slaves to express discontent was __________. a. political protest b. open, armed rebellion c. passive resistance d. participation in conspiracies e. organizing boycotts

Q: The law permitting a man to pass on his entire estate to his eldest son was known as __________. a. access b. primogeniture c. federalism d. land tenure e. the law of entail

Q: How did Nixon feel about antiwar protestors? a. He secretly supported them. b. He publicly supported them. c. He was neutral about them. d. He had very little sympathy for them. e. He ordered the army to suppress them with force if necessary.

Q: In his second term, Roosevelt's success was meager except for __________. a. the passage of a national health insurance program b. the passage of minimum wage and maximum hour legislation c. the passage of anti-lynching legislation d. a Democratic resurgence in the 1938 elections e. the emergence of a liberal congressional coalition that aided Roosevelt's reelection campaign in 1942

Q: Which of the following individuals favored the annexation of the Philippines? a. Jane Addams b. Andrew Carnegie c. Mark Twain d. William McKinley e. Samuel Gompers

Q: The congressional alternative to Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction program was the __________. a. Fourteenth Amendment b. Ten Percent Plan c. Wade-Davis Bill d. Civil Rights Act e. Freedman's Bureau bill

Q: What was the Underground Railroad? a. a train line that many white southerners used when hunting for escaped slaves b. a formal, nonprofit organization that helped return fugitive slaves to their masters c. a formal, nonprofit organization that helped fugitive slaves escape to Mexico d. an informal network of people that helped return fugitive slaves to their masters e. an informal network of people that helped fugitive slaves make their way to the North

Q: As understood in the late 1700s, a republic was a system in which ultimate political authority is vested in __________. a. a constitutional monarchy b. the people c. the chosen few d. the rich and powerful e. evangelical Protestants

Q: What inspired the infamous protests at Kent State during which four students were killed? a. the bombing of Hanoi b. the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. c. the U.S. invasion of Cambodia d. the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Vietnam e. the military draft

Q: Roosevelt's "court packing" proposal was __________. a. illegal b. an outrage to conservatives, but agreeable to liberals c. effectively blocked by judicial rulings d. a great strain on Roosevelt's relations with Congress e. successful at limiting the power of the Supreme Court

Q: Which territory caused the most debate about the merits of the United States acquiring an empire? a. Guam b. Hawaii c. Puerto Rico d. the Philippines e. the Dominican Republic

Q: The federal agency designed to assist former slaves in making the economic adjustment to freedom was known as the __________. a. Freedmen's Bureau b. Department of Education c. African American Rights Association d. Liberty Association e. Southern Reconstruction Agency

Q: The typical runaway slave was __________. a. a married man b. a young, unmarried man c. a married woman d. a young, unmarried woman e. a pregnant woman

Q: What does the following quote by Benjamin Rush signify? "The American war is over, but this is far from being the case with the American Revolution. On the contrary, nothing but the first act of the great drama is closed."a. The American Revolution was not a war at all, but merely a break from English control over the colonies.b. The war was merely the first step in the colonists' move toward establishing a truly independent nation.c. The war was not yet over, and the Americans needed to prepare for another round of fighting against the British if they ever hoped to gain their independence.d. Americans needed to revolt against other European countries that were restricting their trade and keeping them from economic and political independence.e. The American Revolution would not end until the English monarchy was destroyed and a new form of government was put in place in England to better rule the colonies.

Q: Why did the Nixon administration decide to resume relations with China? a. China had cautiously inquired about resuming normal diplomatic relations. b. The United States believed it would force better relations with the Soviet Union. c. The United States wanted to thwart the growing economic power of Japan. d. The United States wanted to patch up its Asian relationships after the Vietnam War. e. The suffering U.S. economy forced Nixon to make an economic arrangement with China.

Q: Despite the New Deal, __________ were the country's most impoverished citizens. a. African Americans b. Asian Americans c. Native Americans d. Mexican Americans e. "Okies" and "Arkies"

Q: Which individual is matched with the area of his greatest foreign policy success? a. James G. Blaine : Latin America b. George Dewey : Russia c. William Seward : China d. John Hay : Hawaii e. John W. Foster : Alaska

Q: The first bill ever passed over a presidential veto was the __________. a. Wade-Davis Bill b. Freedmen's Bureau extension bill c. Civil Rights Act of 1866 d. Tenure of Office Act e. First Reconstruction Act

Q: Slaves usually named their children after __________, which illustrated the importance of __________ for African Americans. a. their masters; the master-slave relationship b. characters in folk tales; African culture c. family members and ancestors; kinship d. activists in the abolitionist movement; political involvement e. famous figures; history and pop culture

Q: Which statement best explains why the Boston Tea Party became a famous symbol of the American Revolution?a. The Boston Tea Party was one of the most destructive acts in the entire war.b. The Boston Tea Party was the final action before the first shots that led to the actual war.c. The Boston Tea Party showed that the colonists had lost their respect for the British monarchy.d. The Boston Tea Party not only killed many soldiers, but it also destroyed property worth millions of dollars.e. The Boston Tea Party was an unprecedented act of violence by angry colonists against the British troops.

Q: What was most important about the SALT I agreements? a. They revealed the extent of the secret Soviet nuclear-weapon stockpiling. b. They demonstrated that the United States would not compromise on its weapons program. c. They demonstrated that the Soviet Union would not compromise on its weapons program. d. They were a symbolic first step in a peaceful resolution of the tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. e. They were critical in exacerbating the stresses and tensions of the Cold War.

Q: The Indian Reorganization Act __________. a. supported sending youth to educational programs in nearby towns b. granted political dependency to Indian tribes c. encouraged a movement toward farming on tribal lands d. stressed tribal unity and autonomy e. reestablished the Indian Reservations, 47 years after the Dawes Act abolished them

Q: The actions of Commodore Dewey in the Philippines __________. a. had little effect on the outcome of the war b. disproved Mahan's theories regarding naval supremacy c. provided the United States with an unexpected prize of war d. showed the surprising strength of the Spanish fleet e. were undeniably illegal, even if effective

Q: Andrew Johnson believed that Reconstruction should __________. a. guarantee that the southern ruling class would not return to power b. return the South to its prewar system, minus slavery c. treat the South as a conquered nation d. guarantee the political and civil rights of the freedmen e. go ahead as Lincoln had planned

Q: In African American families in which husband and wife were often separated, who was typically considered the head of the family? a. the father b. the mother c. the oldest son d. the oldest daughter e. a grandparent

Q: What was the most significant outcome of the Boston Massacre?a. It demonstrated to the colonists that British troops were largely symbolic and the British would back down in the face of organized resistance.b. It demonstrated to the colonists that British troops had no effective way to restore order in the colonies.c. It showed that the colonists had a better organized army than the British and would be difficult to defeat.d. It was the first act of organized resistance against the British troops in the colonies.e. It demonstrated to the colonists that British troops would resort to violence to restore order in the colonies.

Q: One neoconservative criticism of liberals is that liberals __________. a. are too willing to sacrifice high domestic standards to achieve social equality b. are too tough on communist dictatorships in other countries c. are too focused on what is right about America rather than what needs to be improved d. ignore the social inequalities faced by ethnic minorities and women e. are focused on reducing government spending and cancel social services

Q: After 1937, the WPA denied employment to aliens, a decision that greatly affected __________. a. blacks b. Mexican Americans c. Asian Americans d. Indians e. sharecroppers

Q: To what did the term "smoked Yankee" refer in the Spanish-American War? a. northern artillery units b. African American infantry regiments c. guerrilla fighters in Cuba d. Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders e. members of integrated units

Q: Which constitutional amendment abolished slavery? a. Thirteenth b. Fourteenth c. Fifteenth d. Sixteenth e. Seventeenth

Q: What did the young children of plantation slaves do while their parents worked? a. They often accompanied their parents and were cared for by older children. b. They often went to segregated schools before they were old enough to work. c. They were often cared for at home by their mothers. d. They were often sent to nurseries where other slaves cared for them. e. They often played with the young children of the plantation owners.

Q: What challenge remained for the colonists following the signing of the Treaty of Paris? a. deciding what form the new government would take b. determining how to return seized property and lands to the Loyalists c. compensating plantation owners for slaves who fought for the British d. learning to fend off French attempts to control the country e. compensating Native Americans for ceded lands in the newly gained territories

Q: Which statement best characterizes Reagan's two terms as governor of California? a. He bullied the Democratic legislature to implement his conservative policies. b. He lacked natural abilities as a political leader. c. He was flexible instead of trying to implement all of his conservative beliefs. d. He led the state further and further to the left through his reforms. e. He ignored taxes and education to focus on immigration issues.

Q: Which individual was most responsible for promoting African American rights during the New Deal? a. Franklin D. Roosevelt b. John Collier c. Harry Hopkins d. Harold Ickes e. Mary McLeod-Bethune

Q: During the Spanish-American War, African Americans in the military __________. a. found segregation and discrimination similar to civilian life b. were treated as equals and given opportunities for advancements c. had little opportunity to distinguish themselves in battle d. were able to pressure the government for civil rights reforms e. were never allowed command positions

Q: President Andrew Johnson was a(n) __________. a. northerner b. Republican c. opponent of slaveowners d. great humanitarian e. member of the planter aristocracy

Q: The majority of slaves worked __________. a. in industry b. as skilled tradesmen c. as house servants d. as field workers e. in restaurants, hotels, and saloons

Q: Which of the following was a key benefit of the Treaty of Paris for the United States? a. the rights to Florida b. fishing rights in the Gulf of Mexico c. guaranteed independence from Britain d. a portion of the territory east of the Mississippi River would be owned by the United States e. the Loyalists were forced to move to Canada

Q: With the Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF), both the Soviet Union and the United States agreed to __________. a. destroy their entire stockpile of intermediate-range missiles b. remove and destroy all intermediate-range missiles in Europe c. prevent developing nations from having access to intermediate-range missiles d. limit their weapons arsenals to intermediate-range rather than long-range missiles e. work together to create the world's first intermediate-range missile

Q: The sit-down strike __________. a. was first used against General Motors in 1936 b. was used only by the United Auto Workers c. proved ineffective against corporations d. was first used against Ford Motor Company e. was a time-tested technique from strikes in the 1920s

Q: Which of the following was true at the outset of the Spanish-American War? a. There was little public support for the war in the United States. b. The American military was well prepared to fight a war. c. It was difficult to find the necessary volunteers for the American military. d. The American army was composed of soldiers well trained in quelling Native American uprisings. e. The American army was 200,000 strong.

Q: President Andrew Johnson was __________. a. loved by African Americans b. admired by wealthy southern planters c. opposed by Radical Republicans d. temperate and compromising in his political activities e. determined to carry on with Lincoln's plans

Q: The leader of the 1831 slave uprising in Southampton County, Virginia, was __________. a. Denmark Vesey b. Hinton R. Helper c. George Fitzhugh d. Daniel Webster e. Nat Turner

Q: What was the significance of the Treaty of Paris of 1783? a. It established the American borders at the Appalachian Mountains. b. It ensured Loyalists would not be compensated for their lands. c. It did not provide a favorable conclusion to the war. d. It allowed Americans the opportunity for an independent nation. e. It provided for fair treatment of Native Americans in America's interior.

Q: The Iran-Contra affair was __________. a. a covert operation through which the Reagan administration planned to topple the Iranian government b. a diplomatic disaster in which Iranian and Nicaraguan leaders were deeply insulted by one of Reagan's speeches c. a foreign policy crisis in which Reagan sent combat troops to both Iran and Nicaragua in order to keep the peace d. a crisis between Iran and Nicaragua that nearly resulted in nuclear war e. a scandal in which the government planned to sell weapons to Iran in order to finance exiles fighting in Nicaragua

Q: The industrial union movement of the 1930s __________. a. sought to organize skilled workers in particular trades b. had long been championed by the American Federation of Labor c. was led by William Green d. was led by John L. Lewis and the UMW e. had been thriving for years before the Great Depression

Q: By late 1897, Spain was __________. a. unwilling to meet any American demands b. trying to avoid a confrontation with the United States c. directing the polices of General Weyler d. determined to maintain control at all costs e. willing to free Cuba rather than go to war

Q: Which of the following required 50 percent of southern voters to take an oath of loyalty to the Union before the southern states could regain their status as states? a. Fourteenth Amendment b. Fifteenth Amendment c. Loyalty Act d. Tenure of Office Act e. Wade-Davis Bill

Q: How do economic crises today compare to the Panic of 1837? a. The Panic of 1837 was caused by Andrew Jackson's laissez-faire policies; today politicians regulate commerce more, avoiding panics and recessions. b. The Panic of 1837 was caused by international fluctuations; today panics and recessions are localized within regions and countries. c. Like the Panic of 1837, panics and recessions today are caused by international fluctuations natural to a capitalistic economy. d. Like the Panic of 1837, panics and recessions today are caused by tight governmental controls on commerce. e. Like the Panic of 1837, panics and recessions today are the primary cause of presidents losing reelection campaigns.

Q: After the Revolutionary War, why did many American Loyalists, who returned to England, feel betrayed? a. They were treated as second-class citizens in England. b. They were denied any monetary compensation for their sacrifices. c. They were viewed as traitors by the native-born English. d. They were viewed as foreigners by the native-born English. e. They were put in prisons because they would not pay their debts.

Q: The Boland Amendment __________. a. prohibited American military aid to overthrow the Nicaraguan government b. prohibited the sale of weapons to Iran under any circumstances c. made it illegal for the United States to interfere in any foreign war without voter approval d. allowed covert operations in Central America to stop the spread of communism e. allowed the Reagan administration to send troops to topple communist regimes

Q: The National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act __________. a. guaranteed that all workers would be paid a nationally established minimum wage b. granted workers the right to organize and collectively bargain c. gave management the right to forbid the "closed shop" d. gave the president power to end strikes that threatened the nation's welfare e. did not help workers who were not already unionized

Q: One consequence of General Weyler's policy in Cuba was __________. a. to generate public sympathy for the Cuban people among Americans b. that it effectively ended the Cuban rebellion c. to generate support for military action by President Cleveland d. an alliance between Cuban rebels and the American government e. the end of "reconcentration" as a policy

Q: As early as 1863, Lincoln proposed a plan for restoring southern state governments if __________ percent of the 1860 voting population took a loyalty oath to the Union. a. 5 b. 10 c. 20 d. 25 e. 50

Q: How does Jackson's interpretation of the "spoils system" compare to contemporary interpretations of it? a. Unlike Jackson, today's politicians refuse to use this practice. b. Unlike Jackson, today's politicians are not permitted to use this practice. c. Like Jackson, today's politicians use it sparingly and secretly. d. Unlike Jackson, modern presidents are not free to reward their supporters in this way. e. Unlike Jackson, today's politicians do not believe that a "chosen few" qualify for public duty.

Q: American Loyalists, who sided with the British during the War for Independence, __________. a. tended to be wealthy conservatives b. were known for their wickedness and immorality c. favored a strongly centralized, authoritarian form of government d. came from all occupations and social classes e. were pacifists who opposed war for any reason

Q: The antimissile system based on the use of lasers and particle beams to destroy incoming missiles from outer space was called __________. a. IED b. SALT I c. SALT II d. SDI e. VIPER

Q: What was one criticism of the Social Security Act? a. Pension payments were too high and would break the federal budget. b. It included farmers and domestic servants who did not pay into the system. c. It undermined the independence and initiative of the poor. d. Social Security offered nothing to those already out of work. e. It would transfer much of the national wealth to a minority of the population.

Q: In their approaches to the Cuban rebellion against Spain, __________. a. President Cleveland was generally neutral while President McKinley favored the insurgents b. President Cleveland wanted to intervene on behalf of the insurgents, but President McKinley wanted neutrality c. both Presidents Cleveland and McKinley wanted war with Spain d. both Presidents Cleveland and McKinley were totally neutral e. both Presidents Cleveland and McKinley opposed any involvement with Spain or Cuba

Q: The man who became president of the United States after Lincoln's assassination was __________. a. Robert Smalls b. Andrew Johnson c. Ulysses S. Grant d. William H. Seward e. Andrew Jackson

Q: How did the growth of democracy in the 1820s and 1830s change American society? a. Americans assumed that the rich and well-born were the natural leaders of the community. b. An increase in deference meant that self-made men faced hostility and scorn. c. Economic equality became part of the mainstream agenda. d. Politicians had to win over public opinion before making major decisions. e. The gap between the rich and the poor decreased significantly.

Q: Which event marked the end of the military phase of the war? a. the capture of New York City by French forces b. Burgoyne's surrender at Saratoga c. the British evacuation of Boston d. Cornwallis's surrender at Yorktown e. the destruction of a British army at the Battle of New Orleans

Q: President Reagan's tax compromise with Congress called for an income tax cut of __________. a. 10 percent for three consecutive years b. 15 percent over two years c. 5 percent the first year and 10 percent for the second and third years d. 20 percent over two years e. 5 percent each year for four years

Q: Francis Townsend advocated that the federal government pay $200 each month to __________. a. all Americans over the age of 60 b. dispossessed farmers c. veterans of World War I d. widows with two or more children e. unemployed urban workers

Q: Which of the following was true according to the theories of Alfred Thayer Mahan? a. Large armies will protect American interests around the globe. b. American greatness will be recognized through industrial output. c. Little will be gained from American expansion abroad. d. A strong navy is an integral part of America's wealth and power. e. Standing armies are dangerous.

Q: Lincoln's response to the Wade-Davis Bill was to __________. a. accept it completely b. reluctantly support it c. express no opinion on it d. stop it with a pocket veto e. ask Congress to reconsider

Q: To what was French historian Alexis de Tocqueville referring when he wrote, "it is possible to foresee that the freer the whites in America are, the more they will seek to isolate themselves"? a. As whites fought for liberties, a divide would grow between whites and blacks. b. Democracy breeds in people (white Americans especially) an isolationist attitude, causing them to eschew involvement in foreign affairs. c. As all whites gain rights and liberties despite social or economic status, they will be more willing to share those rights with nonwhites. d. In order to gain rights and liberties, whites must oppress others, namely, African and Native Americans. e. Because white Americans are isolated from African and Native Americans, they do not see that they do not share the same rights and liberties.

Q: What did military strategists in 1779 predict would be Britain's last chance for victory over the colonies? a. a more effective use of its great navy b. the breaking of the French-American alliance c. calling on its European allies for help d. a successful campaign in the American South e. increasing the British army in the colonies by 25,000 men

Q: Supply-side economists believe that __________. a. the national economy will recover without changing tax structures b. tax cuts will always hurt the national economy c. tax cuts will lead to an economic boom d. certain tax increases will lead to an economic boom e. tax increases are needed to keep the federal government functioning

Q: By 1935, Roosevelt's severest critics were __________. a. members of the Supreme Court b. accusing him of being a socialist c. demanding more radical reforms d. accusing him of ignoring the rise of military dictatorships in Europe e. scolding him for not providing more aid to impoverished blacks