Q&A Hero

Q: During a conflict, one negative comment is often reciprocated with an even more negative comment. When this continues, it is known as a(n) a. defensive spiral. b. evaluation. c. description. d. extreme fighting.

Q: Regardless of cultural orientation, ____________ is the most preferred conflict style. a. integration b. avoiding c. dominating d. accommodating

Q: Compared to individualists, collectivists use the __________ conflict strategy less often. a. agreeing b. avoiding c. dominating d. accommodating

Q: Compared to European Americans, African Americans use the __________ conflict strategy more often. a. agreeing b. assuming c. dominating d. accommodating

Q: According to Ting-Toomey, Asian and Latino groups perceive ____________ and avoiding as positive choices because they reduce friction. a. agreeing b. assuming c. dominating d. accommodating

Q: Individuals who use the avoiding conflict style report having personalities that are a. higher in conscientiousness. b. lower in extraversion. c. higher in agreeableness. d. lower in neuroticism.

Q: Individuals who use integrative conflict style are a. higher in agreeableness. b. higher in extraversion. c. higher in neuroticism. d. lower in neuroticism.

Q: Ian enjoys trying new things, whether it be new food, music, or activities. He is probably high in which aspect of the Big Five Personality Theory? a. Extraversion b. Neuroticism c. Openness to experience d. Conscientiousness

Q: Morgan is reliable, dependable, and always on hand when her friends need her. Rarely has she ever failed to follow through with a commitment. Morgan is high in a. extraversion. b. neuroticism. c. agreeableness. d. conscientiousness.

Q: Nancy has a hard time interacting with others, and the interactions she has are usually negative. Based on this information, Nancy is probably high in a. extraversion. b. neuroticism. c. agreeableness. d. conscientiousness.

Q: According to the ____________ personality theory, our personality can be explained by a unique combination of extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. a. integrative b. Freudian c. associative d. Big Five

Q: Susan is frustrated her roommate refuses to clean up after herself. Rather than confront her directly, she chooses instead to hide her roommate's keys. This is an example of ___________ behavior. a. compromise b. passive-aggressive c. accommodating d. avoiding

Q: When one individual upset with another pretends that everything is fine, and at the same time, punishes the other person in a secretive way, that individual is using the __________ conflict style. a. compromise b. passive-aggressive c. accommodating d. avoiding

Q: The _________style is an approach to conflict that never has positive outcomes. a. compromise b. avoiding c. accommodating d. passive-aggressive

Q: In order to be successful at the integrative conflict style, one has to have a. the ability to compromise. b. a high level of creativity. c. a limited amount of experience with communication. d. a limited amount of experience with conflict.

Q: Compared to the other conflict styles, individuals who use the ___________ style of conflict are more likely to view conflict as positive. a. accommodating b. avoiding c. compromising d. integrating

Q: Compared to the compromising conflict style, the integrating conflict style ___________ to resolve conflict. a. takes the same amount of time b. takes slightly less time c. takes more time d. takes significantly less time

Q: Integrating conflict style differs from compromising conflict style in that the integrating conflict style emphasizes a. each person giving up something so both can benefit. b. one person compromising on Issue A, while the other person compromises on Issue B. c. that each person gets all of what he or she wants. d. avoiding the problem until it goes away.

Q: In the _____style, there is a strong interest in pursuing one's own goals and an equally strong interest in supporting the relationship and/or the goals of the other person. a. accommodating b. integrating c. dominating d. avoiding

Q: Compromise is often the best conflict strategy when a. there is more time and a decision isn"t necessary. b. the issue goes to the core of the relationship. c. the issue repeatedly surfaces in the relationship. d. there is little time and a decision must be reached.

Q: The ____________ keeps the compromise strategy from being the best overall conflict style. a. required sacrifice b. accommodation c. equality d. resentment

Q: The compromising style of conflict is advantageous to those involved in that a. each party gains some satisfaction. b. one member of the party gains satisfaction while the other loses. c. neither party wins. d. each person gets all of what they want.

Q: Casey values her own goals, but also appreciates her relationship and the goals of her partner. The type of conflict style Casey is most likely to use is a. accommodating. b. cooperating. c. compromising. d. dominating.

Q: Compared to dominators, compromisers are more likely to value a. a win. b. success. c. conflict. d. harmony.

Q: According to the _____________ style of conflict, there is a moderate degree of interest in one's own goals and equal interest in the relationship and goals of the other person. a. avoiding b. cooperation c. compromising d. accommodating

Q: Anna's boss harshly criticized her work on a new advertising campaign. Rather than engage in conflict with her boss, Anna replied, "I"m sorry you didn"t like it." Anna chose to avoid the conflict thinking that it was probably a. temporary. b. unimportant. c. too risky. d. too personal.

Q: One of the long-term risks of the avoidance conflict style in a relationship is the inability to a. develop conflict resolution styles and, therefore, the ability to handle more extreme conflicts. b. recognize the conflicts as they occur. c. ever interact positively with your partner. d. maintain a long-term relationship.

Q: Marriage researcher John Gottman suggested the avoidance style of conflict is used by some individuals a. as a reaction to a rapidly decreasing blood pressure. b. to irritate their partners. c. to calm their partners. d. as a reaction to a rapidly increasing blood pressure.

Q: According to marriage researcher John Gottman, the avoiding style can be useful in resolving conflict if a. only the husband uses it. b. only the wife uses it. c. both partners use it. d. avoidance is used to increase blood pressure.

Q: Research on the effects of avoiding conflict shows a. neither long-term positive nor negative effects. b. only long-term negative effects. c. mixed positive and negative effects. d. only long-term positive effects.

Q: One common type of behavior used in the avoiding conflict style is a. stonewalling. b. threatening. c. compromising. d. downplaying the significance of the issue.

Q: A person who typically uses the avoiding style of conflict has a low degree of interest in pursuing his or her own goals and a a. high degree of interest in supporting the relationship. b. high degree of interest in supporting the other person's goals. c. low degree of interest in supporting the relationship, but a high degree of interest in supporting the other person's goals. d. low degree of interest in supporting the relationship and a low degree of interest in supporting the other person's goals.

Q: Which of the following characteristics best describes the type of person who routinely avoids conflict? a. Experiences with conflict have been positive b. Higher biological tolerance for emotional stress c. Experiences with conflict have been negative d. Always recognizes conflict

Q: The _________ style is usually characterized by a low degree of interest in pursuing one's own goals, as well as a low degree of interest in maintaining the relationship or the other person's goals. a. avoiding b. dominating c. accommodating d. cooperating

Q: The only time the dominating conflict style may be helpful is in a _____________by a(n) a. personal relationship; stonewaller. b. work environment; subordinate. c. personal relationship; avoider. d. work environment; legitimate authority.

Q: Zach's conflict style often includes threats and nonverbal behaviors, such as stonewalling. His style is also known as a. compromising. b. dominating. c. accommodating. d. justifying.

Q: Jason has a high degree of interest in his own goals and a low degree of interest in his relationship with Angela or even Angela herself. Jason's conflict style is a. avoiding. b. accommodating. c. dominating. d. justifying.

Q: In long-term relationships, it is often beneficial to accommodate another's request if he or she has accommodated you in the past. This is also known as a. avoiding. b. reciprocity. c. dominating. d. justifying.

Q: Under which of the following conditions is the accommodating conflict style an effective strategy? a. In short-term relationships, where decisions are critical b. In short-term relationships, where decisions are compromises c. In long-term relationships, where one person's desire for something is stronger than the other's competing desire d. In long-term relationships, where both people's desires are equally important to the requestors

Q: When the accommodating style is used too frequently, the accommodator often ends up feeling a. powerful. b. helpful. c. used. d. overbearing.

Q: Christine would do anything to maintain her current relationship with Devon, even at the risk of her own self-interest. She clearly has a(n) ___________ conflict style. a. assertiveness b. accommodation c. domination d. cooperating

Q: In the __________ conflict style, there is a high degree of interest in the relationship and a low degree of concern about one's own interest. a. dominating b. accommodating c. avoiding d. compromising

Q: __________ involves the degree to which we want to be in a relationship or support the goals of the other person. a. Assertiveness b. Accommodation c. Domination d. Cooperating

Q: Carmen is highly interested in pursuing her own goals. According to the dual-concern model, she is a. high in assertiveness. b. high in cooperativeness. c. low in assertiveness. d. low in cooperativeness.

Q: According to the dual concern model, two factors whose levels characterize different types of conflict are ______ and a. interest; responsibility. b. loudness; concern. c. assertiveness; cooperativeness. d. accessibility; motivation.

Q: "I am glad we had this argument. Now that I have heard your side, and you"ve heard mine, I feel closer to you." Which of the following myths associated with conflicts in relationships is debunked by this statement? a. Healthy relationships have little or no conflict. b. Conflict is always destructive. c. In any conflict, there can be only one winner. d. It is better to have loved and lost than to have never loved at all.

Q: "I can"t believe we are arguing about this! We must not have the good relationship I thought we did." Which of the following myths associated with conflicts in relationships is referred to in the previous statement? a. Healthy relationships have little or no conflict. b. Conflict is always destructive. c. In any conflict, there can be only one winner. d. It is better to have loved and lost than to have never loved at all.

Q: "Compromise? Why should I compromise? I"m right!" The speaker of this statement clearly believes which myth associated with conflicts in relationships? a. Healthy relationships have little or no conflict. b. Conflict is always destructive. c. In any conflict, there can be only one winner. d. It is better to have loved and lost than to have never loved at all.

Q: According to Hamilton, conflict myths gain power from their place in our __________ awareness. a. conscious b. preconscious c. unconscious d. relationship

Q: Survivors of the first big fights studied by Siegert & Stamp (1994) were more likely to believe that a successful relationship a. was one without conflict. b. required extreme sacrifice from one of the parties. c. required a joint effort in problem solving. d. involves partners who are resistant to changing ways of doing things.

Q: In research on the First Big Fight in relationships, the characteristic that differentiated survivors and nonsurvivors was a. number of previous fights. b. how long they were in conflict. c. number of previous relationships. d. perceptions and expectations of conflicts.

Q: The perspective that within conflict there is only one winner is most likely to occur in _______ cultures. a. collectivistic b. individualistic c. low power distance d. feminine

Q: According to Siegert & Stamp (1994), individuals surviving their first big fights in relationships report a. the conflicts are dramatic enough to prevent future relationships. b. the conflicts lead to a greater sense of mutual commitment to the relationship. c. subsequent fights occur more frequently. d. previous fights were less destructive in nature.

Q: In research on relationship development and satisfaction, FBF stands for a. fighting but friends. b. free beer forever. c. frustrated been fighting. d. first big fight.

Q: John Gottman, the leading researcher on the dynamics of happy relationships, found _______ correlations between the amount of conflict in a relationship and its overall health. a. no b. weak negative c. strong negative d. positive

Q: Samter & Cupachs' (1988) study of friendships found that _________ of the participants acknowledged conflicts in their relationships with each other. a. 5 percent b. 10 percent c. 70 percent d. Virtually all

Q: Goals that we perceive as different may not be. One way to determine if goals are truly incompatible is by _______ goals early. a. announcing b. forgetting c. arguing about d. clarifying

Q: Although they occasionally argue, Mark and Kayla are invested in their relationship. She depends on him for support in her challenging college major, and he depends on her to help him with his parents. They have a(n) __________ relationship. a. dependent b. interdependent c. personal d. interpersonal

Q: In a(n) _________ relationship, both or all parties have a stake in continuing the relationship. a. interactive b. interpersonal c. interdependent d. incongruent

Q: Sally and Stephan are currently disagreeing about how money should be spent and saved in their family. Stephan thinks Sally spends too little, and Sally thinks Stephan spends too much. This _________ conflict is resulting in weekly arguments. a. interactive b. interdependent c. interpersonal d. incongruent

Q: _________ conflict is a situation in which two or more people in an interdependent relationship perceive themselves to have different viewpoints or goals that are not consistent. a. Interactive b. Interpersonal c. Interdependent d. Incongruent

Q: Individuals from high power distance cultures encourage emotions that a. equalize power differences among members. b. minimize power differences among members. c. promote and maintain power differences among members. d. are easily understood by all members of the culture.

Q: When it comes to nonverbal communication, individuals in collectivistic cultures tend to a. be less open with each other. b. coordinate their schedules and actions with their family groups. c. be more self-centered about activities and plans. d. express less synchrony when dancing.

Q: Which of the following regions is considered a low contact culture? a. Russia b. Arabia c. Latin America d. Great Britain

Q: Compared to cultures low in contact, cultures high in contact tend to be a. less open with each other. b. less likely to use nonverbal cues to signal warmth and closeness. c. more nonverbally expressive. d. more verbally expressive.

Q: A new restaurant in town specializes in romantic music and soft lighting. The owners are probably aware of the research demonstrating the effects of physical environment on behavior. Studies have confirmed a. faster music and harsher lighting tend to create more relaxed moods. b. faster music and softer lighting tend to create more relaxed moods. c. slower music and harsher lighting tend to create less moods. d. slower music and softer lighting tend to create more relaxed moods.

Q: When Lydia talks, she uses a lot of expressions involving the movement of her hands, arms, and other parts of the body. These nonverbal expressions are also known as a. pseudolanguage. b. facial expressions. c. paralanguage. d. gestures.

Q: Marriage researcher John Gottman has discovered that one of the best predictors of long-term marital success is tone of voice. This is an example of a. pseudolanguage. b. facial expressions. c. paralanguage. d. gestures.

Q: ___________ is/are communication that is verbal, but wordless. a. Pseudolanguage b. Facial expressions c. Paralanguage d. Gestures

Q: Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between personal space and a person's status? a. Status is unrelated to personal space. b. Individuals with lower status demand greater amounts of personal space. c. Individuals with higher status demand greater amounts of personal space. d. Individuals with higher status demand lesser amounts of personal space.

Q: Austin had a graduate school interview planned for March, and his mother asked whether he planned on removing his facial piercings. He replied, "Oh, Mom, they will accept me or not accept me based on my credentials, not my looks." What does Austin's mom know that he doesn"t? a. He will be taken less seriously if he dresses in a manner that conforms to the expectation of the profession. b. Piercings are the new "in" thing in graduate school. c. He will be taken more seriously if he dresses in a manner that conforms to the expectation of the profession. d. His piercings will be irrelevant in the interview.

Q: The ____________ phenomenon is the name given by social psychology for the strong relationship between attractiveness and other characteristics, such as friendliness and intelligence. a. "Beauty-Success" b. "What Is Good Is Beautiful" c. "What Is Positive Is Beautiful" d. "What Is Beautiful Is Good"

Q: In Arab culture, ____________ is/are an important part of nonverbal communication. a. taste b. touch c. facial expressions d. smell

Q: In conversation, men and women in Western culture use touch a. similarly. b. differently, in that men use touch for status and women use touch for intimacy. c. differently, in that women use touch for status and men use touch for intimacy. d. differently, in that men use touch more often than women.

Q: Touch is often used by a communicator to help a. build rapport. b. signal the conversation is over. c. decrease trust. d. decrease compliance.

Q: In Western culture, facing a person directly when speaking indicates a. a lack of interest. b. dishonesty. c. directness and interest in the other person. d. that we are trying to end the conversation.

Q: _________ involves the direction your body is facing relative to those with whom you are interacting. a. Body posture b. Body orientation c. Physical appearance d. Personal space

Q: Jason was often told by his mother to stand up straight. It wasn"t until he studied human relations in college that he learned an erect posture signaled confidence and honesty in _________ cultures. a. Eastern b. Western c. collectivistic d. feminine

Q: ________ is a nonverbal behavior that has different meanings in different cultures. a. Asking questions b. Eye contact c. Task-oriented communication d. Smiling

Q: Sometimes our nonverbal behaviors are not consistent with our verbal communication. When this happens, we say our nonverbal communications a. have a lack of fit. b. are incongruent. c. are nonrepresentative. d. are irrelevant.