Q&A Hero

Q: Rumors of an impending layoff are typically never as stressful as actually being laid off. ⊚ true ⊚ false

Q: Stress is an adaptive response, moderated by individual differences; that is a consequence of any action, situation, or event that places special demands on a person. ⊚ true ⊚ false

Q: What is the underlying assumption of all cognitive stress management techniques?

Q: Name three actions that you, as a manager, can take to develop social support and build a supportive work environment.

Q: Why is social support effective as a stress moderator?

Q: The text identified eight characteristics of people with Type A behavior patterns. List four of them.

Q: Is conscientiousness related to stress?

Q: How is job commitment related to burnout?

Q: Name four negative psychological consequences of stress.

Q: Research has identified several factors that are important contributors to burnout. Identify four of them.

Q: Provide an example of emotion-focused coping.

Q: Provide an example of problem-focused coping.

Q: Explain the typical workweek of a eurocommuter.

Q: How does hardiness impact stress?

Q: There are two types of work overload, what are they?

Q: What is role conflict? Provide an example.

Q: In the Model of Stressors, Stress, and Outcomes, stressors were presented in four main categories, what are they?

Q: Stress is the result of dealing with something placing special demands on us. In this context, what does special mean?

Q: Relaxation training generally results in all of the following except: A) Increased heart rate B) A clear sense of being in control C) A reduction in anxiety and tension D) Slowed breathing

Q: Which of the following can be brought under voluntary control through the use of biofeedback techniques? A) Brain waves B) Heart rate C) Muscle tension D) All of the choices are correct.

Q: All of the following are cognitive distortions except: A) Magnifying B) Overgeneralizing C) Personalization D) Distancing

Q: _______________ has been cited as the greatest cause of poor health habits. A) Alcoholism B) Drug abuse C) Poor health education D) Stress

Q: Any activity that an organization engages in that is designed to identify and assist in preventing or correcting _______________ can be thought of as wellness-related. A) health hazards B) negative health habits C) specific health problems D) All of the choices are correct.

Q: For any employee assistance program to be a success, employees must trust in all of the following except: A) The program can and will provide real help B) The program will be available on a long-term basis C) Confidentiality will be maintained D) Use of the program carries no negative job implications

Q: Two types of organizational programs have become particularly popular during the last two decades: employee assistance programs and _______________ programs. A) health care B) wellness C) physical fitness D) biofeedback

Q: Employee assistance programs are designed to deal with a wide range of stress-related problems. General elements of such a program include all of the following except: A) Diagnosis B) Screening C) Full sharing with the sponsoring employer D) Treatment

Q: Ideally, the process for maximizing person-environment fit begins _______________. A) at the first sign of job-related stress B) before the individual joins the organization C) during job orientation D) at the request of the employee

Q: What is the first step in any attempt to deal with stress? A) Calming down B) Identifying the source of the stress C) Recognizing that stress exists D) Removing the source of the stress

Q: _______________ was defined in the text as the comfort, assistance, or information one receives through formal or informal contacts with individuals or groups. A) Social support B) Emotional support C) Companionship D) All of the choices are correct.

Q: Analysis showed that _______________ was related to the presence of arteriosclerosis more than any other Type A Behavior Pattern dimension. A) ambition B) impatience C) work orientation D) hostility

Q: Two major components of a Type A Behavior Pattern are: A) Impatience and hostility B) Impatience and arrogance C) Ambition and arrogance D) Ambition and hostility

Q: If you are low on _______________, you tend to be antagonistic, unsympathetic, and even rude toward others. A) emotional stability B) extroversion C) agreeableness D) conscientiousness

Q: The term _______________ refers to a relatively stable set of characteristics, temperaments, and tendencies that shape the similarities and differences in people's behavior. A) character B) personality C) persona D) talent

Q: Those that score high on _______________ are better prepared to deal with stressors associated with change because they view change as a challenge. A) extroversion B) conscientiousness C) openness to experience D) emotional stability

Q: Which of the following Big Five personality dimensions is most clearly related to stress? A) Emotional stability B) Extroversion C) Agreeableness D) Conscientiousness

Q: Which of the following statements about the organizational costs associated with stress is false? A) The American Medical Association claims that stress was the cause of up to 85 percent of all human illness and disease B) Stressed workers smoke more, eat less well, and have more family problems C) Forty percent of employee turnover is due to excessive stress D) All of the above

Q: Which of the following are moderators of stress? A) Personality B) Type A behavior C) Social Support D) All of the above

Q: A _______________ is a condition, behavior, or characteristic that qualifies the relationship between two variables. A) moderator B) modulation C) bridge D) regulator

Q: While the organizational consequences of stress are many and varied, they share one common feature: stress costs organizations _______________. A) tempo B) their reputations C) customer loyalty D) money

Q: Which of the following burnout symptoms indicates low personal accomplishment? A) Cannot deal with problems effectively B) Feels fatigued in the morning C) Does not want to work with other people D) A and B are Correct.

Q: Burnout is a psychological process that typically results in all of the following except: A) Enhanced immunity functions B) Emotional exhaustion C) Depersonalization D) Feelings of decreased accomplishment

Q: During a crisis, a neurotransmitter called catecholamine suppresses parts of the brain dealing with all of the following except: A) Memory B) Concentration C) Motor skills D) Rational thought

Q: _______________ outcomes of stress include sweating, hot and cold flashes, and increased heart rate. A) Cognitive B) Behavioral C) Physiological D) Behavioral and physiological

Q: Stress outcomes have been classified as _______________. A) cognitive and emotional B) cognitive and behavioral C) cognitive, behavioral and physiological D) cognitive, behavioral, psychological and financial

Q: Which one of the following statements about depression is incorrect? A) Depression costs billions of dollars a year in medical bills, lost productivity, and absenteeism. B) The World Health Organization predicts that by 2030, more people in the world will be affected by depression than any other health problem. C) Depression is easy to detect, especially within the current health care system. D) Depression leads to higher absenteeism and decreased worker productivity.

Q: When assessing a situation an individual may first evaluate a stressor as positive, negative or meaningless. The secondary appraisal then follows and involves a(n) ____________. A) reexamination of the situation intentionally changing perspective B) determination of the negative and potential outcomes from the anticipated stress C) assessment of "fight or flight" responses D) determination whether something can be done to reduce the stress

Q: A study of 2,100 employees, chosen from 23 different occupations, found that _______________ reported the most boredom and apathy with their job conditions. A) blue-collar B) unskilled workers C) gray-collar, nonprofessional workers D) white-collar, professional workers

Q: Disability claims _______________ in companies that have recently downsized. A) decrease dramatically B) increase dramatically C) stabilize D) are no longer an issue

Q: _______________ refers to the extent that a person's knowledge, opinions, and ideas are included in the decision-making process. A) Control B) Integration C) Participation D) Pervasiveness

Q: All of the following are characteristics of a hardy person except: A) The hardy person assumes that he or she is in control B) The hardy person ignores changes C) The hardy person responds to stress by coping D) The hardy person treats change as a challenge

Q: Which of the following is a symptom of stress caused by work underload? A) Apathy B) Irritability C) Increased errors D) Sharp perception

Q: All of the following are the result of an optimal level of stress except: A) High motivation B) Calmness C) Sharp perception D) Indecisiveness

Q: The optimal stress level _______________. A) is near zero B) is characterized in research as Type "O" stress C) provides the best balance of challenge, responsibility, and reward D) All of the choices are correct.

Q: _______________ is present whenever compliance by an individual to one set of expectations about a job conflicts with compliance to another set of expectations. A) Peripheral interference B) Role conflict C) Job overlap D) Role enrichment

Q: Virtually everyone has experienced work overload, and the incidence rate is increasing. Overload ________________. A) is said to be caused by "qualitative" factors B) us said to be caused by "quantitative" factors C) may be of two types: qualitative or quantitative D) in the context of scientific management was seen as desirable

Q: Which of the following is a stressor at the non-work level? A) Pace of change B) Harassment C) The economy D) All of the choices are correct

Q: Which of the following is a stressor at the group level? A) Lack of cohesiveness B) Management styles C) Role overload D) All of the choices are correct.

Q: The intention of most stress prevention programs is to reduce the _______________ of an individual's stress. A) occurrence B) intensity C) negative impact D) All of the choices are correct.

Q: Which of the following is a stressor at the individual level? A) Technology B) Management styles C) Intragroup conflict D) Role overload

Q: Long duration stress is sometimes referred to as _______________. A) contextual stress B) superior stress C) continuous stress D) chronic stress

Q: The experience of work-related and non-work (extraorganizational) stress produces _______________ outcomes. A) behavioral B) cognitive C) physiological D) Any or all of the choices are correct.

Q: An individual difference, such as _______________, is a potential stress moderator. A) age B) social support mechanisms C) personality D) All of the choices are correct.

Q: All of the following factors determine whether an experience is likely to result in stress except: A) Importance B) Uncertainty C) Duration D) Distance

Q: Stress is the result of dealing with something placing a special demand on us. Special means a(n) _______________ experience. A) physically threatening B) psychologically threatening C) unusual D) All of the choices are correct.

Q: How can P-E fit impact stress?

Q: What kinds of things could an organization do to better maximize person-environment fit?

Q: What is the relationship between stress and personality? What aspects of personality might tend to increase stress? Decrease it?

Q: Identify several moderators of the stress process.

Q: How do organizations contribute to employee job burnout?

Q: How are body systems affected by stress?

Q: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders lists ten symptoms that, when present for two weeks or more, indicate that a person is depressed. What are these symptoms?

Q: Explain the differences in a problem-focused versus an emotion-focused strategy for coping with stress.

Q: Name the changes in behavior that are common warning signs of stress.

Q: Describe the components of the organizational stress model.

Q: A fellow student states the stress is more than simply a response to a stressor. Do you agree? Justify your answer.

Q: The _______________ under the Bill of Rights protects an employee's freedom of speech and association. A) First Amendment B) Fourth Amendment C) Fifth Amendment D) Fourteenth Amendment

Q: The _______________ under the Bill of Rights guarantees due process and equal protection. A) First Amendment B) Fourth Amendment C) Fifth Amendment D) Fourteenth Amendment

Q: Which of the following is a form of direct aggression? A) Spreading rumors that may harm another's chance for promotion B) Withholding praise C) Pushing or shoving D) Misdirecting important information

Q: Most employees who commit fraudulent activities are _______________. A) women B) first-time offenders C) repeat offenders D) new employees

Q: _______________ is defined as the unauthorized taking, consuming, or transferring of money or goods owned by the organization. A) Goldbricking B) Theft C) Sabotage D) Violence