Humanities

Q: The era known as the Enlightenment occurred during which time period? a. The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries b. The fourteenth and fifteenth centuries c. The sixth and seventh centuries d. The twentieth century

Q: Which of the following problems is a theodicy intended to address? a. The problem of God's existence b. The problem of relativism c. The problem of evil d. The problem of atheism

Q: In Plato's Euthyphro, who subscribes to a divine command theory of ethics? a. Euthyphro b. Socrates c. Plato d. The court of Athens

Q: Descriptive relativism necessarily implies metaethical relativism. a. True b. False

Q: According to the text, moral skeptics hold that it is difficult or impossible to know what is good or bad, right or wrong. a. True b. False

Q: Richard Rorry argues that there is no algorithm to determine precise answers about which beliefs are better than others. a. True b. False

Q: According to individual ethical relativism, I cannot be objectively mistaken in my moral judgments. a. True b. False

Q: If people disagree about some moral matter, their disagreement will always be due to their having different moral values. a. True b. False

Q: Which thinker did NOT promote civil disobedience as a method for protesting and reforming law systems? a. Thoreau. b. Kant. c. Gandhi. d. King Jr.

Q: Secular ethics are only for atheists. a. True b. False

Q: John Locke believed in toleration of religious dissenters. a. True b. False

Q: According to the divine command theory of ethics, certain actions are right because God wills them for us. We therefore have a duty to find out exactly what God wills and distinguish it from what is merely a fallible human wish or interpretation of what Gods will might be. a. True b. False

Q: The Divine Command Theory states that certain actions are sins, based on their moral and ethical value. a. True b. False

Q: A theodicy is an argument that seeks to discredit belief in a deity. a. True b. False

Q: The idea of ahisma was originally developed by Aristotle. a. True b. False

Q: Divine command theory is a form of deontological ethics. a. True b. False

Q: The Golden Rule is followed by most of the world's major religions. a. True b. False

Q: According to Habermas, fundamentalism is incongruous with democratic society. a. True b. False

Q: Philosophical ethics is necessarily incompatible with religious conviction. a. True b. False

Q: Value pluralism argues that there are multiple and conflicting goods in the world, which cannot be reduced to some other good. a. True b. False

Q: The concept of a single moral community that is not bound to cultural or religious traditions is known as cosmopolitanism. a. True b. False Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Q: The statement "More than half the people in this country believe that giving military aid to foreign governments is wrong" is Normative (N) or Descriptive (D)? Label the following as Normative (N) or Descriptive (D) statements.

Q: "We ought to respect our elders because it is the right thing to do."

Q: The paradox of toleration is no longer relevant to today's global culture. a. True b. False

Q: Civil disobedience assumes it is permissible to violate a law that goes against your conscience. a. True b. False

Q: That is a worthless piece of art because it says nothing and expresses nothing. Label the following as Consequentialist (C) or Non-consequentialist (NC) forms of reasoning.

Q: Students ought not to cheat on their ethics test because, if everyone cheated, then the test grades would not mean anything.

Q: You should give her the position, because that is the only fair option. Choose the best answer:

Q: That type of ethics which holds that an act is never justified by its consequences, the end does not justify the means: Teleological (T) or Deontological (D) ethics? Label the following as Normative (N) or Descriptive (D) statements.

Q: "It would not be right to decorate a room with furniture from two different historical periods." Label these Normative Judgments as Ethical (E), or Aesthetic (A), or Legal (L) Judgments or as matters of Custom (C):

Q: You ought to stand when the Queen enters the room.

Q: What he did was praiseworthy because it was so selfless. Choose the best answer:

Q: Which type of ethics analyzes and asks the meaning and function of ethical terms, such as "good" or "right," and ethical statements, such as "This is Good." Normative ethics (N) or Metaethics (M)? Label the following as Normative (N) or Descriptive (D) statements.

Q: "More people now than twenty years ago believe that the death penalty is sometimes justified." Label the following as Consequentialist (C) or Non-consequentialist (NC) forms of reasoning.

Q: Although you intended well, what you did was bad because it caused more harm than good. Label these Normative Judgments as Ethical (E), or Aesthetic (A), or Legal (L) Judgments or as matters of Custom (C):

Q: One ought to pay one's taxes. Choose the best answer:

Q: Another name for a good argument is a. A correct argument. b. A sound argument. c. A winning argument. d. A fair argument.

Q: The difference between teleological and deontological is that a. Teleological is moral and deontological is immoral. b. Teleological is focused on intention and deontological is focused on motive. c. Deontological is focused of intention and teleological is focused on consequence. d. Deontological is moral and teleological is immoral.

Q: Which of the following in not a reason given for developing our natural moral reasoning skills? a. We should be able to critically evaluate our own beliefs. b. As we develop our skills we will be able to win more ethical arguments. c. People of all perspectives should be able to hold meaningful dialogue with each other. d. Diverse communities necessitate that values be built of reason.

Q: A key issue in the reading by Hume concerns: a. The difficulty of connecting ethics and natural science. b. The ethics of religion. c. The question of capital punishment. d. The problem of deriving an ought from an is. Indicate one or more answer choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.

Q: Which of the following claims that our ideas about ethics rest upon some sort of intuitive knowledge of ethical truths. a. Intuitionism b. Emotivism c. Objectivism d. Subjectivism Label these Normative Judgments as Ethical (E), or Aesthetic (A), or Legal (L) Judgments or as matters of Custom (C):

Q: The following is an example of normative ethics: "Capital punishment is wrong because it is wrong to directly take a human life." a. True b. False

Q: In doing metaethics one analyzes the meaning and function of ethical language. a. True b. False

Q: Ethics is that branch of philosophy that is concerned with how we ought to live, with the idea of the good, and with the meaning of such concepts as right and wrong. a. True b. False

Q: The naturalistic fallacy says that you cannot derive a descriptive claim from a normative claim. a. True b. False Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Q: Ethical theory does which of the following a. Proves an argument to be right or wrong. b. Shows people how they should act. c. Agrees with legal decisions. d. Provides reasons for judging actions to be right or wrong.

Q: Which of the following is considered by many to be a problem for naturalistic explanations of ethics? a. The naturalistic fallacy b. Natural law theory c. Subjectivism d. Emotivism

Q: The reasons supporting a conclusion in an argument are called a. ethical principles. b. ad hominems. c. valid forms. d. premises.

Q: Metaethics is largely about studying a. The meanings of ethical language. b. Those things which are beyond normal ethics. c. Historical literature about ethics. d. Ethical decisions sanctioned by religious beliefs.

Q: Ethics requires skillful reasoning. Which of the following is not important to making a good argument? a. The structure of the argument. b. The conclusion follows from the premises. c. The argument leads to the right conclusion. d. The argument has internal logic.

Q: To say that Sue has a right to know the truth is to give a consequentialist reason for being honest. a. True b. False

Q: Ethics is exclusively a descriptive discipline. a. True b. False

Q: An ethical theory is a systematic exposition of a particular view about what is the nature and basis of good or right. a. True b. False

Q: While emotions or feelings may play some role in moral considerations, in an Ethics course one is also expected to give reasons for one's moral judgments. a. True b. False

Q: The fallacy that criticizes the source of an opinion, instead of critiquing the reason given for it, is called begging the question. a. True b. False

Q: Ethics is a branch of philosophy that seeks to discover what different moral beliefs different people do, in fact, have. a. True b. False

Q: According to the text, one reason why we study ethics is to see whether we can justify the beliefs we already hold. a. True b. False

Q: "People often find it difficult to do what they believe is right" is a normative statement. a. True b. False

Q: Identification

Q: Parental modeling

Q: Define ego boundaries and explain how they typically develop in masculine and feminine people, noting both similarities and differences in development.

Q: Identify the themes (or elements) of what it means to be masculine in the United States. As part of your explanation, be sure you provide brief, concrete examples for the six themes. Finally, discuss one way that parental/guardian communication about gender (as discussed in Chapter 7 of Gendered Lives) may influence understanding of one or more of these themes.

Q: Contemporary fathers are far more involved in their children’s lives than were fathers of previous generations. Based on the ideas discussed in Chapter 7, reflect on the implications this might have on the gender development of contemporary children.

Q: Identify the themes (or elements) of what it means to be feminine in the United States. As part of your explanation, be sure you provide brief, concrete examples for the five themes. Finally, discuss one way that parental/guardian communication about gender (as discussed in Chapter 7 of Gendered Lives) may influence understanding of one or more of these themes.

Q: Children tend to be socialized into very strict gender roles. This socialization process and these expectations tend to be especially difficult for children who are gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgendered, intersexed, or otherwise genderqueer. Give an example of two specific difficulties that queer kids may face growing up as well as a potential response to help ease each issue, explaining how the response would directly impact the issue.

Q: According to psychoanalytical theory, how do most boys develop their gender identity?

Q: Which of the following helps explain why U.S. women are less likely to pursue careers in scientific and mathematical fields? A. In high school, girls take fewer advanced math classes than boys. B. Most girls have significantly less natural aptitude for science and math than do most boys. C. There are no women professors in the sciences or math, making it difficult for young women to envision themselves succeeding in these areas of study. D. Some faculty members and peers assume that females have less aptitude in these fields. E. All of the above.

Q: Which of the following is a challenge males typically face in academics? A. Compared to same-aged girls, boys have more energy and less impulse control so they are less likely to adjust to early school contexts. B. Boys are viewed as being less able than girls to use the logic required for complex mathematics. C. In accordance with masculine socialization, males have more pressure to be self- reliant and are less likely to ask questions. D. Males have less school athletic opportunities since federal law has mandated equal money and support to female athletes under Title IX. E. All of the above.

Q: Peer pressure enacted by college women emphasizes being attractive to men over class work and career preparation. In addition, some female college students discover that their career goals are not taken seriously. These factors comprise _________, which researchers believe help explain these young women’s lower ambitions after college. A. effortless perfection B. the culture of romance C. the hidden curriculum D. both A and B E. none of the above

Q: Female babies tend to identify with their mothers and male babies tend to identify with their fathers.

Q: Men in the United States are seen as failing at masculinity if they try to transcend traditional notions of masculinity.

Q: Ego boundaries

Q: Social aggression:

Q: “Anatomy is destiny”

Q: Gender identity

Q: Mothers are more likely to encourage gender-appropriate behavior in their children.

Q: According to psychoanalytic theory, families play a critical role in the formation of gender identity.

Q: Newborn baby girls are frequently described as strong, big, active, and alert by their parents.

Q: In the United States, a current theme in views of femininity is that women should establish closeness through talking with others in large relational networks.

Q: Though many things have changed about gender over time, appearance is still a primary measure and marker of femininity.

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