Q&A Hero

Humanities

Q: Arterial flow to the lower limb comes from the external iliac artery.
Q: The brachial vein is the most common site of blood pressure measurement with the sphygmomanometer.
Q: The radial artery is lateral to the ulnar artery.
Q: Arteries are sometimes called the __________ vessels of the cardiovascular system because they have strong-resilient tissue structure. A. resistance B. capacitance C. hydrodynamic D. compliance E. fenestrated
Q: Which vessels have the thickest tunica media? A. Small arteries B. Small veins C. Large arteries D. Large veins E. Capillaries
Q: Blood flow is pulsatile in arteries and veins, but it is steady in capillaries.
Q: Vasoreflexes can raise or lower blood pressure throughout the body.
Q: Increased capillary filtration, reduced reabsorption, or obstruction of lymphatic drainage can lead to edema.
Q: Most tissue fluid is reabsorbed by the lymphatic system.
Q: Decompensated shock is normally corrected by the body's homeostatic mechanisms.
Q: The pulmonary circuit is the only route in which arteries carry less oxygen than veins.
Q: Lung tissue receives nourishment and waste removal from the pulmonary circuit.
Q: The greatest outflow from the dural venous sinuses is via the internal jugular vein.
Q: The three primary branches of the celiac trunk are the common hepatic, left gastric, and splenic veins.
Q: Stroke volume is increased by __________. A. high arterial blood pressure B. negative inotropic agents C. increased venous return D. increased afterload E. dehydration
Q: The volume of blood ejected by each ventricle in one minute is called the __________. A. cardiac reserve B. preload C. afterload D. stroke volume E. cardiac output
Q: Cardioinhibitory centers in the __________ receive input from __________. A. cortex; proprioceptors in the muscles B. thalamus; chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata C. hypothalamus; proprioceptors in the joints D. medulla oblongata; chemoreceptors in the aortic arch E. pons; baroreceptors in the internal carotid
Q: The Frank-Starling law of the heart states that stroke volume is proportional to __________. A. the end-systolic volume B. the end-diastolic volume C. the afterload D. the heart rate E. contractility
Q: Mercury is used to measure blood pressure because it is __________ compared to other liquids. A. more dense B. less dense C. darker in color D. lighter in color E. warmer
Q: Blood flow through a capillary bed is regulated by precapillary sphincters.
Q: Large veins, medium veins, and venules have valves to prevent the backflow of blood.
Q: Mitral valve prolapse causes blood to leak back into the __________ when the ventricles contract. A. left atrium B. right atrium C. aorta D. pulmonary trunk E. pulmonary arteries
Q: Isovolumetric contraction occurs during the __________ of the electrocardiogram. A. P wave B. P-Q segment C. R wave D. S-T segment E. T wave
Q: During isovolumetric contraction, the pressure in the ventricles __________. A. falls rapidly B. rises rapidly C. remains constant D. rises and then falls E. falls and then rises
Q: Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) generates a murmur associated with the __________ heart sound that occurs when the __________. A. lubb (S1); atria contract B. dupp (S2); atria relax C. lubb (S1); ventricles contract D. dupp (S2); ventricles relax E. lubb (S1); ventricles relax
Q: Which is the correct sequence of events of the cardiac cycle? A. Ventricular filling isovolumetric contraction isovolumetric relaxation ventricular ejection B. Ventricular filling isovolumetric relaxation isovolumetric contraction ventricular ejection C. Ventricular filling ventricular ejection isovolumetric contraction isovolumetric relaxation D. Ventricular filling isovolumetric relaxation ventricular ejection isovolumetric contraction E. Ventricular filling isovolumetric contraction ventricular ejection isovolumetric relaxation
Q: Most of the ventricle filling occurs __________. A. during atrial systole B. when the AV valve is closed C. during ventricular systole D. during atrial diastole E. during isovolumetric contraction
Q: When the ventricles relax, the __________ valve prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle. A. aortic B. pulmonary C. mitral D. left AV E. right AV
Q: Congestive heart failure (CHF) of the right ventricle __________. A. can cause pulmonary edema B. can cause systemic edema C. increases the ejection fraction of the right ventricle D. reduces the ejection fraction of the left ventricle E. increases cardiac output in both ventricles
Q: Assume that the left ventricle of a child's heart has an EDV=90mL, and ESV=60mL, and a cardiac output of 2,400 mL/min. His SV is __________ mL/beat and his HR is __________ bpm. A. 30; 80 B. 40; 60 C. 80; 30 D. 150; 16 E. 16; 150
Q: Atrial depolarization causes the _________. A. P wave B. QRS complex C. T wave D. first heart sound E. quiescent period
Q: The long plateau in the action potential observed in cardiocytes is probably related with __________ staying longer in the cytosol. A. Na+ B. K+ C. Ca2+ D. Cl- E. Na+, K+, and Ca2+
Q: The long absolute refractory period of cardiocytes _________. A. ensures a short twitch B. prevents tetanus C. makes the heart prone to arrhythmias D. prevents the occurrence of ectopic focuses E. causes the pacemaker potential
Q: An extended period of time between the P wave and the QRS complex may indicate which of the following? A. The signal is taking too long to get to the AV node. B. The signal is traveling too quickly to the AV node. C. Ventricular contraction is taking longer than usual. D. Ventricular contraction is faster than usual. E. The atria are not contracting.
Q: If two QRS complexes occur before a P wave it means the __________. A. atria are contracting too quickly B. SA node is not functioning at all C. the heart is in ventricular fibrillation D. the ventricles have contracted prematurely E. the AV node is not functioning
Q: In a normal ECG, the deflection that is generated by ventricular repolarization is called the __________. A. R wave B. QRS wave C. P wave D. S wave E. T wave
Q: When the left ventricle contracts, the __________ valve closes and the __________ valve is pushed open. A. mitral; pulmonary B. right AV; pulmonary C. right AV; aortic D. mitral; aortic E. aortic; pulmonary
Q: Which is the correct path of an electrical excitation from the pacemaker to a cardiocyte in the left ventricle (LV)? A. Sinoatrial (SA) node atrioventricular (AV) bundle atrioventricular (AV) node Purkinje fibers cardiocyte in LV B. Atrioventricular (AV) node Purkinje fibers atrioventricular (AV) bundle sinoatrial (SA) node cardiocyte in LV C. Atrioventricular (AV) node sinoatrial (SA) node atrioventricular (AV) bundle Purkinje fibers cardiocyte in LV D. Sinoatrial (SA) node atrioventricular (AV) node atrioventricular (AV) bundle Purkinje fibers cardiocyte in LV E. Sinoatrial (SA) node atrioventricular (AV) node Purkinje fibers atrioventricular (AV) bundle cardiocyte in LV
Q: The pacemaker potential is a result of _________. A. Na+ inflow B. Na+ outflow C. K+ inflow D. K+ outflow E. Ca2+ inflow
Q: The plateau in the action potential of cardiac muscle results from the action of __________. A. Na+ inflow B. K+ inflow C. K+ outflow D. fast Ca2+ channels E. slow Ca2+ channels
Q: When sodium channels are fully open, the membrane of the ventricular cardiocyte _________. A. sharply hyperpolarizes B. sharply repolarizes C. sharply depolarizes D. plateaus E. has no reponse
Q: Cells of the sinoatrial node __________ during the pacemaker potential. A. depolarize fast B. depolarize slow C. repolarize slow D. repolarize fast E. depolarize slow and repolarize fast
Q: Any abnormal cardiac rhythm is called a(n) __________. A. ectopic focus B. sinus rhythm C. nodal rhythm D. heart block E. arrhythmia
Q: The __________ provides most of the Ca2+ needed for myocardial contraction. A. extracellular fluid B. mitochondria C. sarcoplasmic reticulum D. Golgi apparatus E. cytoskeleton Gradable: automatic
Q: Atrial systole begins __________. A. immediately before the P wave B. immediately after the P wave C. during the Q wave D. during the S-T segment E. immediately after the T wave
Q: The chordae tendinae of the AV valves are anchored to the __________ of the ventricles. A. papillary muscles B. pectinate muscles C. trabeculae carnae D. interventricular septum E. interatrial septum
Q: After entering the right atrium, the furthest a red blood cell can travel is the _________. A. right ventricle B. pulmonary trunk C. superior vena cava D. ascending aorta E. left atrium
Q: Which of the following directly stems from the ascending aorta before it branches into the circumflex branch and anterior interventricular branch? A. Right coronary artery B. Great cardiac vein C. Right coronary vein D. Left coronary artery E. Left coronary vein
Q: Obstruction of the ___________ will cause a more severe myocardial infarction (MI) than the obstruction of any of the others. A. left marginal vein B. left coronary artery (LCA) C. posterior interventricular vein D. anterior interventricular branch E. circumflex branch
Q: Which of the following is a feature shared by cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle? A. Muscle fiber striations B. Dependence upon nervous stimulation C. Communication via electrical (gap) junctions D. Intercalated discs E. Autorhythmicity
Q: The __________ is the pacemaker that initiates each heart beat. A. sympathetic division of the nervous system B. autonomic nervous system C. sinoatrial (SA) node D. atrioventricular (AV) node E. cardiac conduction system
Q: Which of the following is not part of the cardiac conduction system? A. Sinoatrial (SA) node B. Tendinous cords C. Atrioventricular (AV) node D. Atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His) E. Purkinje fibers
Q: Which of the following is not a feature of cardiac muscle? A. They depend almost exclusively on aerobic respiration. B. They are rich in glycogen. C. They have larger than average mitochondria. D. They are very rich in myoglobin. E. They have about the same endurance as skeletal muscle fibers.
Q: The area where the major vessels lead to and from the heart's chambers is called the __________ of the heart. The pointy, inferior portion is called the ___________. A. apex; base B. atrium; ventricle C. ventricle; atrium D. base; apex E. endocardium; epicardium
Q: The __________ performs the work of the heart. A. fibrous skeleton B. pericardial cavity C. endocardium D. myocardium E. epicardium
Q: The right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid) regulates the opening between the _________ and the _________. A. right atrium; left atrium B. right atrium; right ventricle C. right atrium; left ventricle D. left atrium; left ventricle E. left ventricle; right ventricle
Q: Oxygen-poor blood passes through the _________. A. right AV (tricuspid) and pulmonary valves B. right AV (tricuspid) valve only C. left AV (mitral) and aortic valves D. left AV (mitral) valve only E. pulmonary and aortic valves
Q: Opening and closing of the heart valves is caused by _________. A. breathing B. gravity C. valves contracting and relaxing D. osmotic gradients E. pressure gradients
Q: The __________ valve regulates the flow of blood between the right ventricle and the vessels leading to the lungs. A. right atrioventricular B. left atrioventricular C. aortic D. pulmonary E. mitral
Q: The __________ carry blood toward the lungs. A. pulmonary arteries and veins B. pulmonary trunk and arteries C. pulmonary trunk and veins D. superior and inferior venae cavae E. aorta and pulmonary arteries
Q: Which of the following blood vessels receives blood directly from the right ventricle? A. Pulmonary trunk B. Ascending aorta C. Superior vena cava D. Inferior vena cava E. Right pulmonary vein
Q: Which of the following carry oxygen-poor blood? A. Pulmonary veins and vena cavae B. Aorta and pulmonary veins C. Aorta and vena cavae D. Venae cavae and pulmonary arteries E. Pulmonary veins and pulmonary arteries
Q: Which of the following belong to the pulmonary circuit? A. Aorta and venae cavae B. Aorta and pulmonary veins C. Pulmonary arteries and venae cavae D. Venae cavae and pulmonary veins E. Pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins
Q: Which of the following is the most superficial layer enclosing the heart? A. Parietal pericardium B. Visceral pericardium C. Endocardium D. Epicardium E. Myocardium
Q: The heart is located in the space called the __________. A. pericardial cavity B. mediastinum C. abdominal cavity D. pleural cavity E. myocardium
Q: The apex of the heart is found __________ of the midline of the body. A. to the right B. to the left C. in the center
Q: Pericardial fluid is found between the __________ and the __________. A. visceral pericardium; myocardium B. visceral pericardium; epicardium C. parietal; visceral membranes D. myocardium; endocardium E. epicardium; myocardium
Q: The __________ are the superior chambers of the heart and the _________ are the inferior chambers of the heart. A. visceral percardia; parietal pericardia B. ventricles; atria C. atria; ventricles D. left ventricles; right ventricles E. left atria; right atria
Q: The shallow depression seen on the external surface of the heart between the left and right ventricles is called the __________. A. coronary sinus B. interventricular sulcus C. interventricular septum D. coronary sulcus E. left atrium
Q: Papillary muscles prevent the AV valves from prolapsing (bulging) excessively into the atria when the ventricles contract.
Q: The ventricles are almost empty at the end of ventricular diastole.
Q: Ventricular pressure increases the fastest during ventricular filling.
Q: Hypercapnia and acidosis have positive chronotropic effects.
Q: Endurance athletes commonly have a resting heart rate as low as 40 bpm, and a stroke volume as low as 50 mL/beat.
Q: The structural framework of a blood clot is formed by __________. A. soluble fibrinogen B. soluble fibrin C. a fibrin polymer D. a fibrinogen polymer E. a thrombin polymer
Q: The pulmonary circuit is supplied by both the right and the left sides of the heart.
Q: The systemic circuit contains oxygen-rich blood only.
Q: The fibrous skeleton of the heart serves as electrical insulation between the atria and the ventricles.
Q: Blood in the heart chambers provides most of the myocardium's oxygen and nutrient needs.
Q: Desmosomes form channels that allow each cardiocyte to electrically stimulate its neighbors.
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