Q&A Hero

Q: Which of the bones below does not belong to the appendicular skeleton? A. Clavicle B. Patella C. Ethmoid D. Ulna E. Fibula

Q: Most of the bones of the skull are connected by immovable joints called __________. A. sinuses B. syndesmoses C. symphyses D. fissures E. sutures

Q: Sinuses are absent from which bone? A. Sphenoid B. Frontal C. Temporal D. Maxilla E. Ethmoid

Q: All of the following are found on the temporal bone except the __________. A. zygomatic process B. mastoid process C. external acoustic meatus D. sella turcica E. mandibular fossa

Q: Which of the following are not considered facial bones? A. Parietal bones B. Maxillae C. Lacrimal bones D. Nasal bones E. Palatine bones

Q: The __________ houses the pituitary gland (hypophysis) and is found in the __________. A. foramen magnum; occipital bone B. sella turcica; sphenoid bone C. lambdoid suture; parietal bones D. supraorbital margin; frontal bone E. occipital condyle; occipital bone

Q: Which of the following bones is a single unpaired bone? A. Ethmoid B. Parietal C. Maxilla D. Zygomatic E. Palatine

Q: The __________ suture separates the temporal bone from the parietal bone. A. coronal B. squamous C. lambdoid D. sagittal E. frontal

Q: All the bones below belong to the axial skeleton, except the __________, which belongs to the appendicular skeleton. A. frontal bone B. mandible C. scapula D. thoracic vertebra E. stapes

Q: A rounded knob that articulates with another bone is called a(n) __________. A. condyle B. sulcus C. alveolus D. foramen E. sinus

Q: Any bony prominence is called a(n) ___________. A. epicondyle B. tubercle C. fossa D. head E. process

Q: Why does an adult not have as many bones as a child? A. Osteoporosis leads to bone loss with age. B. Some separate bones gradually fuse with age. C. Many bones are replaced by cartilage with age. D. Bones are reabsorbed with age. E. Osteoclast activity overcomes osteoblast activity with age.

Q: What is a sesamoid bone? A. A bone growing within some cartilages in response to pressure B. A bone that forms within some tendons in response to stress C. A bone that forms in the cranium in response to trauma D. A bone made of hyaline cartilage E. A bone made of dense regular connective tissue

Q: The optic canal is part of the sphenoid bone.

Q: Sutures are found between the cranial, facial, and sacral bones.

Q: The atlantoaxial joint is the joint between C1 and C2.

Q: All ribs articulate with the sternum.

Q: Men have one rib fewer than women.

Q: The styloid process of the radius can be palpated proximal to the thumb.

Q: There are three bones in the pollex.

Q: The pubic symphysis can be palpated as a hard prominence above the genitalia.

Q: Medial and lateral condyles of the femur are involved in the hip joint.

Q: The ischium is posterior to the pubis and inferior to the ilium.

Q: The average number of bones in the adult skeleton is __________. A. 56 B. 106 C. 156 D. 206 E. 256

Q: The mastoid process cannot be palpated on a living person.

Q: Healthy paranasal sinuses are filled with mucus.

Q: Which one of the following bone cells would have the greatest number of lysosomes? A. Osteoblasts B. Osteoclasts C. Osteocytes D. Osteogenic cells E. Stem cells

Q: It is common to find __________ in compact bone, but they are not seen in spongy bone. A. lamellae B. osteoclasts C. lacunae D. central canals E. osteocytes

Q: Intramembranous ossification produces the __________. A. irregular bones of the vertebrae B. flat bones of the skull C. long bones of the limbs D. short bones of the wrist E. short bones of the ankle

Q: In endochondral ossification, the precursor connective tissue is __________, which is replaced by bone. A. embryonic mesenchyme B. fibrous membranes C. hyaline cartilage D. transitional epithelium E. fibrocartilage

Q: The __________ is a marginal zone of the epiphyseal plate where, in children and adolescents, bone can be seen replacing the hyaline cartilage. A. metaphysis B. primary ossification center C. secondary ossification center D. osteoid tissue E. epiphyseal line

Q: Achondroplastic dwarfism is a hereditary condition, in which the long bones of the limbs fail to elongate normally because of reduced hyperplasia and hypertrophy of cartilage in the __________. A. primary ossification center B. secondary ossification center C. primary bone marrow D. secondary bone marrow E. epiphyseal plate

Q: Chondrocytes multiply in the zone of __________ of the metaphysis. A. reserve cartilage B. cell proliferation C. cell hypertrophy D. calcification E. bone deposition

Q: Mature bones are remodeled throughout life via a process known as __________. A. intramembranous ossification B. endochondral ossification C. interstitial growth D. appositional growth E. metaphysical growth

Q: Bone elongation is a result of __________. A. cartilage growth B. muscle growth C. osseous tissue growth D. fibrous membrane addition E. dense irregular connective tissue addition

Q: Wolff's law of bone explains the effect of __________. A. different diets on bone elongation B. mechanical stress on bone remodeling C. temperature on bone growth D. age on bone thickening E. sex on bone widening

Q: Condyles are found in the axial skeleton only.

Q: Trochanters are unique to the femur.

Q: What would you find in the marrow cavity of the diaphysis of an adult humerus (arm bone)? A. Periosteum B. Hemopoietic tissue C. Red bone marrow D. Yellow bone marrow E. Compact bone

Q: The center cavity of the diaphysis of a long bone is called the __________. A. marrow cavity B. central canal C. nutrient foramen D. canaliculus E. epiphysis

Q: The thin layer of compact bone that separates an adult's epiphysis from the diaphysis is called the __________. A. periosteum B. metaphysis C. growth plate D. epiphyseal line E. diaphyseal line

Q: The cortex of the long bone's diaphysis is made of _________. A. marrow B. compact bone C. spongy bone D. dense regular connective tissue E. articular cartilage

Q: The expanded head at each end of a long bone is called the __________. A. epiphysis B. diaphysis C. articular cartilage D. periosteum E. endosteum

Q: A long bone is covered externally with a sheath called the __________, whereas the marrow cavity is lined with the __________. A. epiphysis; diaphysis B. diaphysis; epiphysis C. compact bone; spongy bone D. periosteum; endosteum E. endosteum; periosteum

Q: Bone-forming cells are called __________. A. osteogenic (osteoprogenitor) cells B. osteoblasts C. osteoclasts D. osteocytes E. osteons

Q: When ____________ become enclosed in lacunae, they become cells called _____________. A. osteogenic cells; osteoblasts B. osteoblasts; osteoclasts C. osteoblasts; osteocytes D. osteocytes; osteoclasts E. osteocytes; osteoblasts

Q: The spaces found within the concentric lamellae are called __________, and they contain __________. A. canaliculi; osteoblasts B. osteons; stem cells C. lacunae; osteocytes D. lacunae; osteoclasts E. central canals; osteocytes

Q: Which of the following is an inorganic component of the bone matrix? A. Proteoglycans B. Glycoproteins C. Collagen D. Hydroxyapatite E. Glycosaminoglycans

Q: Spicules and trabeculae are found in __________. A. compact bone B. bone matrix C. yellow bone marrow D. red bone marrow E. spongy bone

Q: Red bone marrow does not contain __________. A. myeloid tissue B. yellow bone marrow C. hemopoietic tissue D. white blood cells E. red blood cells

Q: The hardness of bone comes from __________, whereas __________ provide(s) some degree of flexibility. A. hydroxyapatite and other minerals; proteins B. collagen and elastic fibers; minerals C. glycoproteins; proteoglycans D. calcium carbonate; calcium phosphate E. proteins; collagen

Q: The plasma membrane of __________ have a ruffled border with many deep infoldings, whereas __________ have long, thin, fingerlike cytoplasmic processes. A. osteoclasts; osteocytes B. osteocytes; osteoclasts C. osteoblasts; osteoclasts D. osteoblasts; osteocytes E. osteocytes; osteogenic cells

Q: Osseous tissue is a(an) ____________ tissue. A. connective B. epithelial C. dense regular D. dense irregular E. reticular

Q: Which of the following tissues is not found as part of a long bone? A. Osseous tissue B. Nervous tissue C. Adipose tissue D. Cartilage E. Transitional epithelium

Q: Osteoid tissue is similar to bone except for a lack of minerals.

Q: Intramembranous ossification is common in children, whereas endochondral ossification is typical in young adults.

Q: Bones grow in diameter by interstitial growth.

Q: Hypercalcemia causes depression of the nervous system.

Q: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) binds to receptors on osteoblasts.

Q: Hypercalcemia is rare, but hypocalcemia can result from a wide variety of conditions.

Q: Closed reduction is the surgical realignment of the parts of a broken bone.

Q: Osteomalacia results in bone brittleness.

Q: Osteoporosis often leads to an exaggerated thoracic spinal curvature, which is called kyphosis.

Q: Which of the following is not a function of the skeleton? A. Storage of calcium and phosphate ions B. Storage of red blood cells C. Providing support for most muscles D. Protecting the brain E. Protecting the spinal cord

Q: Most blood cells are produced in the red marrow of bones.

Q: A vertebra is considered an irregular bone.

Q: A radiograph (X-ray) of a child's hand will show epiphyseal lines.

Q: The hemopoietic tissue in a bone is otherwise known as myeloid tissue.

Q: Concentric lamellae within an osteon are connected by lacunae.

Q: Osteogenic cells are bone stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

Q: A fracture in which the bone is broken into three or more pieces is called a __________ fracture. A. linear B. pott C. comminuted D. greenstick E. compound

Q: The result of blood calcium and phosphate levels being too low for normal deposition is a softness of the bones called __________ in children and __________ in adults. A. osteomalacia; rickets B. rickets; osteomalacia C. osteoporosis; osteomalacia D. osteomyelitis; osteosarcoma E. osteomyelitis; osteomalacia

Q: Bone protrudes through the skin in a fracture called __________. A. complete B. incomplete C. closed D. open E. displaced

Q: A break in a bone that is already weakened by some other disease is called a(n) __________ fracture. A. greenstick B. open C. closed D. pathologic E. displaced

Q: Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the healing of a bone fracture? A. Bone remodeling soft callus formation hard callus formation hematoma formation B. Bone remodeling hard callus formation soft callus formation hematoma formation C. Hematoma formation soft callus formation hard callus formation bone remodeling D. Hematoma formation hard callus formation soft callus formation bone remodeling E. Soft callus formation hard callus formation hematoma formation bone remodeling

Q: Patches of fibrocartilage formed in the healing of a fracture are called __________, whereas the bony collar formed around the fracture is called __________. A. fracture hematoma; granulation tissue B. granulation tissue; soft callus C. fracture hematoma; hard callus D. granulation tissue; hard callus E. soft callus; hard callus

Q: The most common bone disease is __________. A. osteomyelitis B. osteoporosis C. osteosarcoma D. osteomalacia E. rickets

Q: Calcium plays an essential role in all of the following except __________. A. muscle contraction B. exocytosis C. blood clotting D. DNA synthesis E. communication among neurons

Q: Which of the following is not a function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)? A. Promote calcium reabsorption by the kidneys B. Stimulate osteoclast activity C. Lower blood calcium D. Promote calcitriol synthesis E. Inhibit osteoblast activity

Q: Synthesized by the combined action of the skin, kidneys, and liver, _________ is important to the deposition of bone. A. growth hormone B. testosterone C. estrogen D. calcitonin E. calcitriol