Q&A Hero

Q: The conception of of an underlying order in the world, both natural and moral was called __________.

Q: The sacred __________ plant was used to prepare a sacramental psychedelic potion used in worship in the pre-Zoroaster period.

Q: In pre-Zoroaster Iran the common people worshipped powers known as __________.

Q: The sacred book of the Zoroastrian faith is the __________.

Q: Which of the following is an example of how Buddhism interacts with Shinto in the Japanese home? a. butsu-dan b. Inari c. kami-dana d. seppuku

Q: The expected behavior of Japanese military leaders when captured in battle or unsuccessful in carrying out an important mission was _________. a. jigai b. kojiki c. ronin d. seppuku

Q: A visitor entering the haiden at a typical village shrine must first __________. a. bow to the floor b. cover their head c. remove their shoes d. wash their hands and cleanse their mouth

Q: Which modern Shinto sect features group counseling sessions and claims seven million members? a. Omoto b. Reiyukai c. Rissho d. Tenrikyo

Q: The earliest known Chinese records indicate that the rulers in south Japan during the Kofun period (250 ce) were __________. a. male chieftains b. shamanic women c. Shinto priests d. warriors

Q: Since ancient times, the Japanese exhibited a passion for __________. a. art b. cleanliness c. music d. war

Q: The female equivalent of harakiri is called __________. a. disembowelment b. jigai c. seppuku d. Tenrikyo

Q: The greatest of all Shinto ceremonies is the __________. a. Gohei b. Great Purification c. Growing of Rice d. Shimenawa

Q: The official government view of Shinto in 1882, when it separated State Shinto from Sectarian Shinto, held that it was __________. a. not a religion b. not consistent with Western science c. the only divinely inspired world religion d. the history of Japan

Q: The abolition of state Shinto compulsory obligations on the Japanese in 1945 occurred as a result of _________. a. the American occupation authority b. the Chinese military c. the end of the Sino-Russian war d. the League of Nations

Q: The Restoration of 1868 refers to the __________. a. restoration of Shinto as the dominant Japanese religion. b. restoration of representative government to the Japanese people. c. restoration of the emperor to sovereignty over Japan. d. restoration of the traditional powers of the shogun over the feudal lords

Q: The imported religious belief that gave the Japanese a strong model of ancestor worship was __________. a. Buddhism b. Confucianism c. Daoism d. Hinduism

Q: The figures in the world's cosmogony myths that most strongly correspond to Izanagi and Izanami are the __________. a. sky father and earth mother b. storm god and wind goddess c. sun goddess and moon god d. thunder father and lightning mother

Q: The first culture to serve as teachers of the ancient Japanese were the __________. a. Buddhists b. Chinese c. Indians d. Koreans

Q: An important factor in the prominence of warriors in ancient Japan was __________. a. the constant warfare with aboriginal tribes b. warriors were the clan chiefs c. warriors were thought to be kami spirits d. warriors were the ruling class

Q: Which of the following is NOT consistent with the Bushido code? a. it preaches an attitude of courage b. it preaches an attitude of loyalty c. it preaches an attitude of mercy d. it preaches an attitude of reserve

Q: Which of the following reasons best summarizes the reason for the attempt by Japanese scholars to humanize and rationalize Shinto mythology in the 18th century? a. to make it consistent with Western historical science b. to combat the influence of Christianity c. to make deities more accessible to believers d. to further the integration of religion and political influence

Q: The Constitution of 1889 gave control of the Japanese army and navy to __________. a. civilian authorities b. feudal lords c. the emperor d. the highest shogun

Q: A shogun is best described as a __________. a. a deposed emperor b. a feudal lord c. a military dictator d. a warrior

Q: The "warrior-knight-way" is a code termed __________. a. Bushido b. O-Harai c. Samurai d. Shimenawa

Q: According to a survey in 2004 __________ percent of the Japanese adults placed themselves in the "no religion" category. a. 64 b. 69 c. 70 d. 75

Q: The deity worship of the Shinto is an example of _________. a. agnosticism b. atheism c. monotheism d. polytheism

Q: The creation of the Japanese islands was done by __________. a. Amaterasu b. Izanagi and Izanami c. Kagu-Tsuchi and Tsuki-yomi d. Yomi

Q: The "Kojiki" is a__________ a. a compilation of Shinto traditions b. a defense of the practices of ancient priestly families affiliated with Shinto c. a history of Japan d. a political treatise

Q: Which one of the following areas appears to have provided the dominating influence on Japanese culture? a. Izumo b. Kyushi c. Okinawa d. Yamato

Q: The greatest of all Shinto ceremonies is the __________ or Great Purification.

Q: The government-fostered program of patriotic rites conducted in shrines considered national property is called __________.

Q: __________ is considered to be the greatest scholar in Japanese history.

Q: __________ is a term for "mixed" Shinto, a religious practice influenced by Buddhist and Confucian traditions.

Q: The __________ was the "family deity" and each family or clan had a shrine in which to honor ir.

Q: The holiest shrine in Japan is at __________.

Q: The great-grandson of Ni-ni-gi was __________, the first human emperor of Japan.

Q: The most highly revered of the Japanese deities is, __________, goddess of the sun.

Q: The primal deities who were commanded to create the Japanese Islands were __________, the Male-Who-Invites and __________, the Female-Who-Invites.

Q: In Shinto the term "kami" means __________.

Q: In what year was Falun Gong officially banned in China? a. 1987 b. 1989 c. 1997 d. 1999

Q: Mao Zedong's basic purposes excluded _________. a. cultural activities b. dispersion of goods throughout China c. education of any kind d. religion and otherworldly philosophies

Q: In 1906 the Manchus issued an edict making sacrifices to Confucius equal with those offered to _________ and _________. a. Buddha, Dao b. emperors, feudal lords c. heaven, earth d. sea, sky

Q: What was an important factor in the rise of Neo-Confucianism? a. the defeat of barbarian tribes at China's borders b. the military and political failures of the Song dynasty c. the purity of the Tang dynasty d. the strengthening of the central governing body.

Q: When Buddhism came to China, orthodox Confucians especially condemned the Buddhists for diverting people to _________ and away from the service of society. a. begging for food b. self-salvation c. temples d. the priesthood

Q: Wang Chong, a left-wing rationalist of the Confucian school, tried to reverse the tendency to view Confucius as a/an _________ man. a. divine b. fallible c. infallible d. scholarly

Q: The Han Emporer _________ put the Confucians in charge of a government-sponsored system of education designed to train officials. a. Dong Shong-shu b. Shi Huang Di c. Wang Chong d. Wu Di

Q: Which of the following reflects a Mohist belief that separates Mohism from Confucianism? a. no expense should be spared on funerals b. government should operate strictly under religious sanctions c. social discipline is of primary importance d. Zhou institutions should be supported and built up

Q: Which of the following reflects a tenet of Confucianism to which the Daoists objected? Confucianism? a. lack of loyalty to family b. lack of support for a managed economy c. nature worship d. pursuit of social discipline

Q: Which of the following is a factor that impeded the spread of Confucian thought during the Warring States Period? a. admiration for scholarly pursuits b. government corruption c. the final decay of the Zhou feudal system d. the prolongation of the feudal order

Q: According to Confucius, how does one do the will of heaven? a. by following the laws of nature b. by practicing moral law c. by praying to the gods d. by worshipping the rulers of China

Q: What does the term "jun-zi" mean? a. a father b. a government official c. a nobleman d. a servant

Q: Which of the following is not one of the Five Constant Virtues displayed by the Superior Man? a. benevolence b. piety c. self-respect d. sincerity

Q: The zheng-ming principle called for defining ideal _________ and then shaping people to fit them. a. intellectual goals b. moral codes c. philosophies d. social roles

Q: Filial piety refers to the Chinese tradition of _________. a. loyalty to the emporer b. loyalty to family c. the scholars loyalty to truth d. the son's loyalty to the wife's father

Q: Why did Confucius think social practices in China had become corrupt? a. Human nature was more inclined to evil intentions than good. b. People failed from moral causes to live by ren. c. The moral condition of China was beyond redemption. d. Their ancestors were not devoted to the common good.

Q: Li is of vital importance in ordering and regulating the five principal human relationships. Which of the following is NOT one of the five principal human relationships? a. father and son b. husband and wife c. mother and daughter d. ruler and subject

Q: What did Confucius say was the greatest of the five cardinal virtues? a. li b. ren c. xin d. yi

Q: The Book of Mencius dates from the __________ century bce. a. first b. second c. third d. fourth

Q: The Great Learning was initially designed as the basis of the education of _________. a. government officials b. princes c. scholars d. women

Q: Which of the five Confucian Classics is believed to have been composed by Confucius? a. Annals of Spring and Autumn b. Book of Changes c. Book of History d. Book of Poetry

Q: The autobiographical information in the Analects purport that Confucius expected to become a _________. a. farmer b. priest c. philosopher d. scholar

Q: What are the Analects? a. a collection of the sayings of Confucius b. a collection of chants prescribed by Confucius c. a biographical account of the life of Confucius d. a collection of Shandong lute music

Q: Confucius could be described as a _________. a. Communist b. Daoist c. Humanist d. Marxist

Q: In the modern period, "Confucian" has come to mean _________.

Q: In the orthodoxy of Zhu Xi, _________ is another name for Tai Ji?

Q: Zi-si was the scholarly son of Confucius who devoted himself to _________.

Q: Mencius believed that virtues such as compassion are _________ within all people, ready to grow.

Q: The Legalist Shang Yang advised rulers to confine their people to these two activities: __________ and _________.

Q: Confucius's emphasis on the importance of the relationship between rulers and their subjects merged _________ and _________.

Q: The Confucian law of human relationships is sometimes interpreted as being similar to _________.

Q: Confucius's primary purpose was to _________.

Q: After mourning his mother's death, Confucius became a _________.

Q: Zhong-ni and Teacher Kong are both names used to refer to _________.

Q: The political principle most consistent with the Dao De Jing's philosophy is __________. a. communism b. democracy c. laissez-faire capitalism d. socialism

Q: The Yi Jing is a __________. a. a book of divination b. a creation myth c. an almanac d. an epic on the eternal struggle between yin and yang

Q: Which of the following objects exemplifies predominantly yang energy modes? a. a burnt log b. earth c. shadowed bank of a river d. the sun

Q: __________ is reputed to have taught the early inhabitants of China to forecast with the Eight Trigrams. a. Fu-xi b. Huang Di c. Lao-zi d. Nu Gua

Q: In modern times Daoism is flourishing primarily in __________. a. Laos b. Malaysia c. Singapore d. Taiwan

Q: On Peng-lai, the Blessed Isle, "magicians" searched for __________, that was/were believed to grant immortality? a. cinnabar b. gold c. mushrooms d. peach petals

Q: Scholarly opinion posits that the Dao De Jing was initially written for __________. a. all individuals b. male heads of households c. priests d. the governing elites