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Q:
Which of the following best exemplifies an entrepreneur?
A. Sam, an employee at a supermarket, is solely responsible for all the purchases and sales at the grocery department.
B. Joe recycles old household articles to build phones, radios, and other things for his personal use.
C. Max makes his living by investing in small companies that have the potential to grow.
D. Javier purchased an invention of his friend to start a company that processes plastic bags into synthetic cloth.
E. Ryan invented an anti-aging formulation and sold it to a major pharmaceutical firm.
Q:
The effectiveness of every organization is totally controlled by the effectiveness of its workforce.
Q:
_____ first commercialize innovative new products and processes, and help provide much of the dynamism in an economy.
A. Gatekeepers
B. Category captains
C. Boundary spanners
D. Managers
E. Entrepreneurs
Q:
The effectiveness of every organization depends, to a great extent, on how well its human resources are used.
Q:
_____ is broadly defined as the development of new products, processes, organizations, management practices, and strategies.
A. Privatization
B. Economic deregulation
C. Boundary spanning
D. Innovation
E. Benchmarking
Q:
As discussed in the text, global sourcing arrangements include overseas joint ventures, independent overseas manufacturers, and wholly owned subsidiaries.
Q:
Which of the following is an indicator of low human development in a country?
A. A score of 0.3 on the HDI scale
B. Rapid democratization of political communities
C. Large population due to a highly developed health care system
D. Giving citizens a voice in the important decisions made for the community
E. A higher GNI per capita than the United States
Q:
When possible, it is better for companies to initially outsource complex activities in order to achieve better cost benefits.
Q:
The Human Development Index comes close to Amartya Sens conception of how development should be measured although _____, suggested by Sen in his thesis, is not included in the index.
A. basic health care
B. political freedom
C. educational attainment
D. basic average income
E. life expectancy at birth
Q:
Outsourcing decisions, except for the decision to use global sources of supply, are extensions of the make-or-buy decisions of earlier eras.
Q:
The _____ is based on three measures: life expectancy at birth, educational attainment, and average incomes based on PPP estimates.
A. Human Development Index
B. Gross National Income
C. Gross Domestic Product
D. Cost of Living Index
E. Cash Reserve Ratio
Q:
According to the text, when a company offshores activities, it relocates those activities to the facilities of another company that is located in a foreign location.
Q:
Black economy is most likely to be prevalent when:
A. large amounts of economic activity are in the form of legally recorded cash transactions.
B. people engage in barter agreements to avoid paying taxes.
C. a countries GNI per capita exceeds $30,000.
D. the expenses of the government is lesser than that of its income.
E. a country is in trade surplus with another foreign country.
Q:
As a result of _____, large amounts of economic activity in India are unrecorded and the official GDP figures of the country fail to tell the entire story of the economy.
A. a large population
B. active bartering
C. deregulation
D. nationalization
E. closed totalitarianism
Q:
Outsourcing is the relocation of some or all of a business's activities or processes to a foreign location.
Q:
In 2010, the PPP per capita of China was $7,640 and the PPP per capita of the United States was $47,360. This means that the:
A. GNI per capita was greater in China.
B. percent of goods and services consumed in the United States was lower.
C. standard of living in China was better.
D. cost of living was lower in China.
E. annual average GDP growth rate was lower in China.
Q:
The primary reason for sourcing globally is to obtain lower prices.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of purchasing power parity (PPP)?
A. Purchasing power parity figures can be misleading because they dont consider differences in the cost of living.
B. The PPP for different countries is adjusted (up or down) depending upon whether the cost of living is lower or higher than in Great Britain.
C. The PPP data gives a static picture of economic development.
D. China's GNI PPP per capita is higher than that of the United States.
E. Purchasing power parity (PPP) adjustment, does not allow for a direct comparison of living standards in different countries.
Q:
According to the text, a concurrent engineering approach to design promotes cross-functional participation in the design process and thereby helps to identify and avoid many of the potential sourcing, manufacturing, and other difficulties that can be associated with a particular design.
Q:
To account for differences in the _____, one can adjust GNI per capita by purchasing power.
A. cost of living
B. population density
C. geographical area
D. factor endowments
E. labor productivity
Q:
The "over-the-wall" approach to product design involves an initial step in which the designers prepare the product's design, followed by sending the newly created design to the company's manufacturing engineers.
Q:
An important consideration in design is the extent to which the international company's products and services will be standardized across nations or regions.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true about gross national income (GNI)?
A. GNI per person figures take into account national differences in the cost of living.
B. The large countries of China and India are among the richest on the measure of GNI per capita.
C. The GNI data gives a dynamic picture of economic development.
D. Economist Amartya Sen has argued that development should be assessed less by material output measures such as GNI per capita.
E. GNI per capita is a much broader economic measure than Human Development Index (HDI).
Q:
_____ is regarded as a yardstick for the economic activity of a country; it measures the total annual income received by residents of a country.
A. Income elasticity of demand
B. Cash reserve ratio
C. Net cash flow ratio
D. Gross national income
E. Income equity ratio
Q:
Effective supply chain management can enhance a company's ability to manage regulatory, social, and other environmental pressures, both within a nation and globally.
Q:
One common measure of economic development is a countrys:
A. gender ratio.
B. gross national income.
C. infant mortality rate.
D. population density.
E. total geographical area.
Q:
According to the text, shorter and less predictable product life cycles have placed reduced emphasis on supply chains and their performance.
Q:
In the context of political economy, the past three decades have seen a general move toward:
A. autocratic forms of government.
B. command-based economic reforms.
C. adoption of legal systems that better enforce property rights.
D. an environments which is unfavorable for international business.
E. military parties monopolizing political power worldwide.
Q:
Because inventory is carried at each stage in the supply chain, and because inventory ties up money, it has been argued that the ultimate goal of effective supply chain management systems is to reduce inventory.
Q:
Social unrest and disorder are less likely to be found in countries that contain more than one ethnic nationality.
Q:
Supply chains are an integral part of global quality and cost management initiatives, since a typical company's supply chain costs can represent over 80 percent of assets.
Q:
It is more costly to do business in relatively primitive or undeveloped economies because of the lack of infrastructure and supporting businesses.
Q:
According to the text, the process of coordinating and integrating the flow of materials, information, finances, and services within and among companies in the value chain is called operations management.
Q:
According to the text, any activity in the value chain can be outsourced except for strategy and management.
Q:
In both China and India, the shift toward a command-based economic system has produced large gains despite weak property rights and endemic corruption.
Q:
According to the text, outsourcing is hiring others to do noncore activities.
Q:
A countrys economic system and property rights regime do not influence the attractiveness of the country as a market or investment site.
Q:
According to the text, Zara's strategy focuses on continual renewal of its clothing lines.
Q:
By identifying and investing early in a potential future economic star, international firms build brand loyalty and gain experience in that countrys business practices.
Q:
According to the text, Zara's strategy of speed and flexibility has enabled the company to eliminate inventory.
Q:
Although free markets and democracy can still be found around the world, the tide has been running in favor of command economies and totalitarian dictatorships.
Q:
What are the benefits of standardization of global operations?
Q:
In most eastern European nations, the title to urban and agricultural property is often uncertain because of incomplete and inaccurate records, multiple pledges on the same property, and unsettled claims resulting from demands for restitution from owners in the pre-Communist era.
Q:
Discuss the problems associated with global sourcing.
Q:
Without a legal system that protects property rights, and without the machinery to enforce that system, the incentive to engage in economic activity can be reduced substantially by private and public entities.
Q:
A well-functioning market economy does not require laws to protect private property rights and mechanisms for contract enforcement.
Q:
What are the options for global electronic procurement, and what are the benefits of such systems?
Q:
What are the reasons for sourcing globally, and what options are available to a firm that wishes to engage in global sourcing?
Q:
If newly privatized firms are protected from foreign competition by barriers to international trade and foreign direct investment, they continue to act like state monopolies.
Q:
Why is the design of products and services important to global supply chain management, and what are the main design alternatives that are available?
Q:
In China, state-owned companies still dominate the banking, energy, telecom, health care, and technology sectors.
Q:
What is supply chain management, and why is it an important issue for a company's international competitiveness?
Q:
The shift toward deregulation has been easier for former command economies than for mixed economies.
Q:
Economic freedom does not necessarily equate with political freedom.
Q:
Intermediate technology is:
A. technology between the capital-and labor-intensive processes.
B. synonymous with necessary technology.
C. older technology previously used by multinationals.
D. A and C.
Q:
In general, command and mixed economies failed to deliver the kind of sustained economic performance that was achieved by countries adopting market-based systems.
Q:
Backward vertical integration refers to:
A. the purchase of competitive firms.
B. the installation of production facilities to produce inputs for the production of final products.
C. the placing of minorities in charge of production processes.
D. the installation of production facilities to consume the outputs of the production system.
Q:
When a nation shifts away from a market-based economy, the state-owned businesses are sold to private investors.
Q:
The level of technology chosen may be:
A. all of B, C, and D.
B. intermediate technology.
C. capital-intensive.
D. labor-intensive.
E. two of B, C, and D.
Q:
In Samuel Huntingtons thesis, global terrorism is a product of the tension between civilizations and the clash of value systems and ideology.
Q:
Mass customization:
A. is enhanced by a company's use of computer-aided manufacturing systems to produce and deliver products and services in a batch size of one.
B. is usually appropriate in situations where there is the potential for differentiating a product for a particular customer.
C. typically requires the company to reconceptualize the design of its products as well as the design and integration of the processes used for producing and delivering the product to customers.
D. all of the above
E. two of A, B, and C
Q:
Author Francis Fukuyama envisioned a world split into different civilizations, each of which has its own value systems and ideology.
Q:
When designing production facilities, designers generally find that:
A. automated machinery is severely limited in flexibility regarding product variety and sizes.
B. general-purpose machines require skills that are built into a special-purpose machine.
C. they have to choose between low-output specialized machinery and higher-output, general-purpose machines.
D. all of the above
E. two of A, B, and C
Q:
The late Influential political scientist Samuel Huntington predicted that the universalization of Western liberal democracy will be the final form of human government.
Q:
When a new plant can be built that is a duplicate of others already functioning:
A. labor trainers experienced in the operation of the machinery can be sent to the new locations without undergoing any training.
B. costs will be the same as in existing locations.
C. vendors will be requested to furnish equipment that they have supplied previously.
D. all of the above.
E. two of A, B, and C.
Q:
Many totalitarian regimes failed to deliver economic progress to the vast bulk of their populations.
Q:
Global standardization of operations:
A. eliminates the task of maintenance and production control.
B. allows home office personnel to more effectively keep production specifications current.
C. enables reasonably accurate forecasts of time required to erect plants.
D. all of the above.
E. two of A, B, and C.
Q:
New information and communication technologies have increased a states ability to control access to uncensored information.
Q:
Quality control in foreign affiliates from the home office is less difficult when:
A. the quality inspectors are trained in the home office.
B. separate standards are used in each plant.
C. production equipment is similar.
D. the quality reports are sent to the home office at the same time.
E. two of the above.
Q:
According to Freedom House, all democracies are free countries in terms of political and civil liberties.
Q:
Manufacturing rationalization is:
A. the allocation of scarce resources.
B. the division of production among several subsidiaries so that each produces only a limited number of components for all subsidiaries.
C. the concentration of production at one site to get economies of scale.
D. the production by a subsidiary for its own national market.
Q:
During the late 1980s and early 1990s, totalitarian governments collapsed and were replaced by democratically elected governments.
Q:
ISO 9000:
A. is the most used standard for quality in the United States.
B. is a set of five universal standards for a quality assurance system agreed to by the ISO.
C. ensures product quality.
D. all of A, B, and C.
E. two of A, B, and C.
Q:
According to the influential economist Jeffrey Sachs, tropical regions have a more extensive division of labor than temperate regions.
Q:
Reasons for global standardization of manufacturing systems include:
A. simpler organization at headquarters.
B. less design time required for a new plant.
C. easier and more cost-effective purchasing.
D. all of A, B, and C.
E. two of A, B, and C.
Q:
A strong belief that economic progress leads to adoption of a totalitarian regime underlies the fairly permissive attitude that many Western governments have adopted toward human rights violations in China.
Q:
Documented agreements containing technical specifications or other precise criteria that will be used consistently as guidelines, rules, or definitions of the characteristics of a product, process, or service are referred to as:
A. standards.
B. processes.
C. logistics.
D. value chains.
E. none of the above.
Q:
Totalitarian states that limit human freedom are highly conducive to progress in terms of innovation, entrepreneurship, and economic growth.
Q:
Managerial functions associated with the movement of materials such as raw materials, work in progress, or finished goods are referred to as:
A. standards.
B. processes.
C. logistics.
D. value chains.
E. none of the above.
Q:
The centerpiece of Cognizant Technology Solution's operations is the company's innovative ________________ business model.
A. global-local
B. foreign-domestic
C. offshore-onshore
D. insource-outsource
E. none of the above