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Q:
Sales promotion provides the selling aids for the marketing function and includes activities such as the preparation of point-of-purchase displays, contests, premiums, trade show exhibits, money-off offers, and coupons.
Q:
Veronica had been getting red patches on her face after using a protein-based lotion manufactured by Nature Life Research Lab. On consulting a dermatologist, she learnt that the lotion's steroid levels were beyond the standard levels permitted by the government and the damage caused by the lotion was irreversible. Which of the following will address Veronica's grievances?
A. Laws related to property rights
B. Product liability laws
C. Intellectual property laws
D. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
E. Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Q:
Recruiting salespeople in foreign countries is less difficult than recruiting them in the home country.
Q:
Who among the following can claim product liability from the offender?
A. Jason wants to sue a multinational company for mass manufacturing one of his inventions without purchasing the rights.
B. Rebecca's patented jewelry designs have been imitated and sold at a low price under her brand name.
C. The airbags in Brian's car, manufactured by Zigwheels Inc, failed to inflate when his car met with an accident. This injured Brian and damaged the car.
D. Fred has accused his employer of forcing him and his teammates to work in an unsafe environment.
E. Samantha claims that her neighbor has stolen valuable ancestral antiques from her house.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true about product safety and liability laws?
A. There are no criminal product liability laws, only civil product liability laws exist.
B. Liability laws are typically most extensive in less developed nations.
C. A boom in product liability suits and awards in the United States resulted in a dramatic decrease in the cost of liability insurance.
D. Product liability can be much greater if a product does not conform to required safety standards.
E. If product safety laws are tougher in a firms home country than in a host country, the ethical thing to do is to adhere to host-country standards.
Q:
The organization of an overseas sales force, the sales presentation, and training methods are generally very similar to those employed in the home country.
Q:
Evidence suggests that the Internet is not an effective tool in personal selling, especially when used to build trust.
Q:
A boom in product liability suits and awards in the United States resulted in a dramatic increase in the cost of liability insurance. Many business executives argue that this:
A. makes American businesses less competitive in the global marketplace.
B. offers American businesses greater protection from foreign competitors.
C. exposes consumers to greater product risks.
D. eventually makes it cheaper for foreign companies to do business in the United States.
E. discourages American companies from outsourcing jobs in less developed countries.
Q:
Of all the promotional mix elements, personal selling has the greatest similarities worldwide.
Q:
_____ laws hold a firm and its officers responsible when a product causes injury, death, or damage.
A. Product equity
B. Product failure
C. Product liability
D. Product parity
E. Product testing
Q:
A middle-ground advertising strategy in which the home office and the foreign subsidiaries agree on marketing objectives is called the computerized-management approach.
Q:
Product safety and product liability laws are enforced to protect:
A. intellectual property rights.
B. companies from their domestic competitors.
C. companies from their foreign competitors.
D. consumers.
E. product inventors.
Q:
Advertisers have followed glocalization to reduce costs, enabling them to develop a common strategy for large regions.
Q:
Strong enforcement of intellectual property laws:
A. reduces the piracy (theft) of intellectual property.
B. reduces the attractiveness of a country as a market or investment site.
C. reduces the investments made by companies on basic research.
D. limits creativity and innovation among people.
E. prohibits a company from having a monopoly over its breakthrough inventions.
Q:
The cultural forces tend to be closely allied to the legal forces, which exert a strong and pervasive influence on advertising.
Q:
The regulations imposed under the _____ agreement, oblige WTO members to grant and enforce patents lasting at least 20 years and copyrights lasting 50 years. A. CIGSB. TRIPSC. NAFTAD. UNE. IMF
Q:
The experience of suppliers to the youth market indicates that this market is essentially an international market segment.
Q:
In the context of knowledge economy of the twenty-first century, which of the following statements is true about intellectual property?
A. Intellectual property has become an increasingly important source of economic value for businesses.
B. Protecting intellectual property has become increasingly easy in the twenty-first century.
C. Intellectual property laws limit the creativity and the ability of people to search for novel ways of doing things.
D. Firms always choose to stay out of countries where intellectual property laws are strict.
E. Companies in a country are more likely to commit themselves to extensive basic research if the country prohibits the use of patents.
Q:
A basic cultural decision for the marketer is whether to position the product as foreign or local, and which way to go seems to depend on the country, the product type, and the distribution channel.
Q:
The philosophy behind intellectual property laws is to:
A. reward the originator of a new invention, book, musical record, and the like for his or her idea and effort.
B. protect the consumers from being subjected to business malpractice.
C. safeguard a firm and its officers from being responsible for injury, death, or damage caused by the firm's product.
D. eliminate monopoly in international trade.
E. ensure that the rights to manufacture, use, or sell an invention are made available to the whole society.
Q:
Foreign environmental forces act as deterrents to the international standardization of advertising, and among the most influential of these forces are the sociocultural forces.
Q:
Which of the following is a typical function of a trademark?
A. It marks the sales territory for which individual salespeople are assigned.
B. It restrains authors, composers, playwrights, artists, and publishers from trading their creative work.
C. It signifies that a country is a member of the World Trade Organization.
D. It acts as a permit to expand a business globally.
E. It allows merchants or manufacturers to designate and differentiate their products.
Q:
Buyers of consumer goods always act on the same motives the world over.
Q:
Patents, copyrights, and trademarks establish ownership rights over _____ property. A. intellectualB. realC. tangibleD. non-performingE. stolen
Q:
Buyers of industrial goods and luxury products usually act on the same motives the world over, lending themselves to a standardized approach.
Q:
As a result of _____ protection, the Nike "Swoosh" logo is protected from being used by any other shoe manufacturer.
A. trademark
B. affidavit
C. patent
D. warrant
E. writ
Q:
An advantage of Internet advertising is its ability to reach all of the possible consumer groups.
Q:
Which of the following is most likely to be protected by a copyright? A. A new manufacturing process invented in a companyB. A newly invented telecommunication deviceC. Tangible property like land and buildingD. Movies produced and directed by a personE. A new type of car invented by an automobile company
Q:
One of the reasons that Internet advertising is not appealing in an international setting is that most Internet users are poor and difficult to reach.
Q:
A composer can protect an original musical score from being copied and sold by someone else by acquiring a(n) _____ for the score. A. patentB. warrantC. trademarkD. copyrightE. affidavit
Q:
Private brands are responsible for a shift in power from manufacturers to retailers.
Q:
Silver Tape Corporation has developed a new type of adhesive tape. Which of the following types of legal protections can grant the company exclusive rights for a defined period to the manufacture, use, or sale of the new adhesive tape?
A. Warrant
B. Patent
C. Copyright
D. Trademark
E. Writ
Q:
Advertising is generally more effective than the other promotional mix elements.
Q:
Promotion is the paid, nonpersonal presentation of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor.
Q:
Initech Incorporated, a multinational giant, runs a number of diversified businesses. Which of the following can be considered as an intellectual property of the firm?
A. Income arising from renting lands and buildings
B. Profits arising from the sale of agricultural crops
C. Interest earned by lending capital to other firms
D. Innovations and capabilities, and skills of the employees
E. Investments made in raw materials and machinery
Q:
In cases where the product serves the same function but must be adapted to different conditions, the product may be left unchanged but a different message is required.
Q:
Products of the mind, such as computer software, a screenplay, a music score, or the chemical formula for a new drug, constitute:
A. assets which receive no protection under law.
B. non-performing assets.
C. tangible assets.
D. an intellectual property.
E. a real property.
Q:
Physical forces inhibit efforts at international product standardization.
Q:
Which of the following is true about grease payments?
A. Grease payments are more offensive than bribes.
B. Grease payments facilitate performance of duties that the recipients are not obligated to perform.
C. A grease payment is a form of penalty.
D. Both the U.S. law and OECD convention include language that opposes grease payments.
E. Grease payments are technically bribes, however they are distinguishable from bribes.
Q:
Promotion is all forms of communication between a firm and its publics.
Q:
Which of the following best exemplifies facilitating or expediting payments in business?
A. Making payments to government officials not to cancel the business license after violating local laws
B. Paying a lump sum amount in order to win a government tender for road construction in a foreign country
C. Making unsolicited payments to the concerned officers in return for employing child labor
D. Making payments to customs officials in order to ship pirated merchandise
E. Making small payments to government officials in order to speed up the work they are already obligated to perform
Q:
Grease payments are technically _____.
A. tax payments
B. bribes
C. company assets
D. penalties
E. selling costs
Q:
The great disparity in income throughout the world promotes worldwide product standardization.
Q:
Product standards ostensibly set to protect a nation's citizens can be effective in protecting local industry from foreign competitors.
Q:
As per the U.S. law and OECD convention, which of the following will most likely to be considered as a grease payment?
A. Gold Fire Inc. paid a fine of $2500 for violating the labor laws in a foreign country.
B. Gold Fire Inc. made a small payment of $20 to speed up some paper work related to tax returns in a less developed country.
C. The proprietor of Gold Fire Inc. made payments to the Mafia as a protection against violent retribution.
D. Gold Fire Inc. gave gift vouchers to all its product wholesalers in order to promote the product.
E. Gold Fire. Inc made an unrecorded payment to one of its accountants in return for window dressing the company's accounts.
Q:
Laws on pollution, consumer protection, and operator safety are critical as legal forces.
Q:
Small legally acceptable payment made to speed up the issuance of permits or licenses, or process paperwork is typically referred to as a(n):
A. facilitating payment.
B. negative externality.
C. opportunity cost.
D. social cost.
E. accrued expense.
Q:
As exemplified by companies such as Campbell's, international firms seldom have to change name, labels, or colors due to cultural differences.
Q:
Which of the following does the U.S. law and OECD convention allow as an exception?
A. Bribing a foreign government official to obtain a contract
B. Failure to keep records that would reveal if a violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices act has occurred
C. Grease payments or speed money
D. Private action
E. Breach of the rule of law
Q:
Dissimilar cultural patterns generally necessitate changes in marketing of food and other consumer goods.
Q:
In the United States, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act was passed during the 1970s following revelations that: A. U.S. companies had bribed government officials in foreign countries in an attempt to win lucrative contracts.
B. U.S. companies were involved in bribing U.S. government officials in cases related to major corporate and accounting scandals.
C. U.S. government bureaucrats demanded bribes from U.S. companies in return for the permit to operate in a foreign country.
D. several companies were selling their products at lower prices in foreign countries than in the United States.
E. successful business owners in the U.S. often had to pay protection money to the Mafia or face violent retribution.
Q:
The marketing of services, sometimes called intangibles, is similar to the marketing of consumer products in that these products are generally harder to market globally than industrial products.
Q:
In the 1970s, the United States passed the _____ following revelations that U.S. companies had bribed government officials in foreign countries in an attempt to win lucrative contracts.
A. International Sale of Goods Act
B. Foreign Exchange Management Act
C. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
D. Sarbanes-Oxley Act
E. Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act
Q:
Generally, the deeper the immediate market penetration desired, the greater the product modification must be.
Q:
Which of the following terms best defines the relationship between the level of corruption and economic growth rate in a country?
A. Directly proportional
B. Inversely proportional
C. Independent
D. Positive correlation
E. Zero correlation
Q:
Generally, as marketers go down the economic and social strata in each country, they tend to find greater similarities among countries on social and cultural values.
Q:
The Republic Of Marwa has decided to open its economy to globalization. Which of the following will facilitate this decision of Marwa?
A. A strong commitment to communism
B. A strong presence of private action in the nation
C. Adopting the Contracts For the International Sale of Goods (CIGS)
D. Creating a national environment that promotes public action
E. Breaking the rule of law
Q:
Luxury items such as perfume can often be sold without adaptation in many different foreign markets.
Q:
Which of the following best exemplifies public action?
A. The mafia in Cedia Republic demands protection money from successful domestic business owners.
B. Cedian proprietors in the hospitality industry often complain about protection rackets by criminal groups.
C. Government bureaucrats demand bribes from international businesses in return for the rights to operate in Cedia Republic.
D. The Cedian government has been criticized for its inability to curb theft of trade secrets of international businesses by private domestic owners.
E. To promote the Cedian culture, the government has made Cedian movies, which are based on Cedian history, tax-free.
Q:
To avoid changing the product to meet local legal requirements, manufacturers frequently design it to meet the most stringent laws, even though it is over designed for other markets.
Q:
What are the various reasons for economic stagnation in many of the world�s poorest countries?
Q:
Drastic modifications in the physical product may be necessary because of two problems prevalent in the developing countries: a tendency to overload equipment and to slight maintenance.
Q:
Discuss the arguments that are for and against globalization regarding jobs and income.
Q:
Generally, industrial products require greater adaptation than consumer products to meet the demands of the world market.
Q:
What are the implications of the Uruguay Round held under the umbrella of GATT for international business?
Q:
The physical product includes the total product, brand name, accessories, after-sales service, warranty and instructions for use, company image, and package.
Q:
Ryan is the executive general manager of a U.S. multinational and Jacob is a manager in a similar position, but works for another U.S. company that operates only in its home country. In this context, which of the following business functions will be most typically exclusive to Ryan?
A. Marketing a product or service
B. Maintaining healthy relations with the U.S. government
C. Planning on a business strategy
D. Adhering to the labor and environmental standards
E. Choosing an appropriate mode for entering a particular foreign country
Q:
According to the text, the product is the central focus of the marketing mix.
Q:
The minimum that a firm has to do to engage in international business is to:
A. export or import products from other countries.
B. invest directly in operations in another country.
C. establish joint ventures or strategic alliances with companies in other countries.
D. export low-wage manufacturing jobs to companies in other countries.
E. develop franchises and subsidiaries in other countries.
Q:
The extent of the changes in the marketing mix a firm must make when going overseas depends on the country, the political forces, and the degree of market penetration desired by management.
Q:
Free trade alone, some argue, is a necessary but not sufficient prerequisite to help the worlds poorest countries bootstrap themselves out of poverty. They also recommend:
A. a highly regulated command economy.
B. weaker property rights laws.
C. weaker labor regulations.
D. large-scale debt relief.
E. rapid expansion in population.
Q:
Which of the following is a major reason for some of the world's poorest countries to have suffered from economic stagnation?
A. Commitment to democratic government
B. Rapidly expanding population
C. Implementation of the economic policies that are based on free market economics
D. Tough labor regulations
E. Low barriers to foreign direct investment
Q:
The benefits from standardization of the marketing mix are lower costs, easier control, and reduction of time in preparing the marketing plan.
Q:
Which of the following falls under the functions of the WTO?
A. It can restrict the membership of nations in other supranational organizations such as the United Nations.
B. It can grant loans to cash-strapped governments in poor nations.
C. It supercedes IMF and has complete authority over IMF's actions.
D. It can issue a ruling instructing a member-state to change trade policies that violate GATT regulations.
E. It can take decisions related to international trade without considering the collective interests of member-states.
Q:
The marketing mix is a set of strategy decisions made in the areas of product, production, promotion, and pricing in order to satisfy the needs and desires of customers in a target market.
Q:
As perceived by critics of globalization, the national sovereignty of democratic states and the ability to control their own destiny has been undermined due to the:
A. retaliatory trade policies of the developing nations.
B. policies imposed by the unelected bureaucrats of supranational organizations.
C. rise of communism across the globe.
D. growth of mini-multinationals.
E. declining non-U.S. multinational corporations.
Q:
Marketing managers of global firms who may want to use a single worldwide strategy realize that doing so is often impossible.
Q:
A concern voiced by critics of globalization is that todays increasingly interdependent global economy shifts economic power toward:
A. supranational organizations such as the World Trade Organization.
B. the communist states of eastern Europe and central Asia.
C. the medium-size and small U.S. multinationals
D. the national governments of the countries participating in globalization.
E. nations that have authoritarian form of government.
Q:
International markets served often differ widely because of great variations in the uncontrollable environmental forces.
Q:
The basic functions of domestic and international marketing are the same.