Q&A Hero

Q: 1) 19252) Mid-1860s3) 19984) Richard Jewell 5) 19666) 18967) 19028) Edwin H.Armstrong9) 94710) 196911) Lee De Forest12) 1920A. Child Online Protection ActB. Maxwell theorized existence of radio wavesC. Amos "n" Andy started on Chicago radioD. Developed the Audion, or triode, vacuum tubeE. Adolph Ochs bought the New YorkTimesF. The Life of an AmericanFiremanG. Frank Conrad's station became KDKAH. Developed FM radioI. Sued the Atlanta Journal-ConstitutionJ. ABC, CBS, NBC broadcast evening lineups in colorK. Hollywood TenL. Saturday Evening Postfolded

Q: 1) Demographics2) Harold Lasswell3) VALS4) David Sarnoff5) Daniel Boorstin6) Coca-Cola7) Nellie Bly8) Hill & Knowlton9) Burson-Marsteller 10) Walter Lippmann11) John D. Rockefeller12) Edward Bernays13) Payne Fund StudiesA. IncomeB. Divides consumers into typesC. PropagandaTechnique inthe World WarD. "The real thing"E. Investigative journalism pioneerF. Public OpinionG. Former president Richard NixonH. Ivy Ledbetter LeeI. United Arab EmiratesJ. NBCK. Pseudo-eventL. Crystallizing Public OpinionM. Galvanometers

Q: 1) Bob Woodward2) Daniel Ellsberg3) Norman Rockwell4) Ida Tarbell5) "The Great American Fraud"6) Richard Outcault7) Nellie Bly8) John Peter Zenger9) Charles Dickens10) Frederick Douglass11) Napster12) The Supremes A. Saturday Evening PostB. Pentagon PapersC. WashingtonPostD. CosmopolitanE. Collier'sF. "The Yellow Kid"G. North StarH. Martin ChuzzlewitI. "Stop! In the Name of Love"J. New-YorkWeekly JournalK. File-sharingL. New YorkWorld

Q: 1) Philo Farnsworth2) Vladimir Zworykin3) William Kennedy Dickson4) Al Jolson5) Charles Van Doren6) D. W. Griffith7) Spike Lee 8) DirecTV9) Katie Couric10) Gordon Parks11) Sofia CoppolaA. KinetoscopeB. IconoscopeC. Electronic televisionD. The Jazz SingerE. CBS news anchorF. Twenty-OneG. Birth of a NationH. ShaftI. Red Hook SummerJ. Lost in TranslationK. DBS

Q: 1) Arthur C. Clarke2) AM radio band3) FM radio band4) October 30, 19385) Fifteenth century6) January 31, 19547) N AOL8) Mosaic9) IM10) AltaVista11) WEAF12) RCA13) William S. Paley 14) PodcastingA. Longer electromagnetic wavelengthsB. SatellitesC. Shorter electromagnetic wavelengthsD. Armstrong commits suicideE. Real-time computer messagesF. War of the WorldsG. Now WNBCH. Government-sanctioned monopolyI. CBSJ. Algorithmic search engineK. Online audio filesL. Web browserM. Printing pressN. ISP

Q: 1) Burstyn v. Wilson2) New YorkTimes v. Sullivan3) Censorship4) JOA5) VALSA. Advertising measureB. Prior restraintC. Film as free expressionD. Newspaper ownershipE. Libel standard

Q: 1) Nellie Bly2) Ivy Lee3) William Randolph Hearst4) Mary Pickford5) C Edward BernaysA. Yellow journalismB. Ludlow miners' strikeC. Torches of freedomD. United ArtistsE. Stunt or investigative journalism

Q: A. CopyrightB. Fair useC. LibelD. Absolute privilegeE. Censorship1) Private individuals must prove falsehood, damages, and negligence to win this kind of case.2) This term is generally defined as prior restraint of public communication.3) This kind of law was intended to make sure authors and producers can earn money from their original work.4) Parody versions of songs, such as those by Weird Al Yankovic, are legal because of this exception.5) Prosecutors can legally accuse defendants of crimes in court because of this exception.6) This is a written or broadcast expression that defames someone's character.7) The Pentagon Papers case involved this legal concern.8) In the Progressive magazine case, a federal district court took a course of action based on this charge.

Q: required Internet providers to provide the same access to allInternet services and content.

Q: Repealed in 1987, the Doctrine required broadcast stations toboth air and engage in controversial-issue programs that affected their communities and, when offering such programming, to provide competing points of view.

Q: Part of the 1934 Communications Act, mandates that during elections, broadcast stations must provide equal opportunities and response time for qualified political candidates.

Q: The is the agency that regulates broadcasting in the UnitedStates.

Q: In libel law, refers to a reckless disregard for the truth, such as when a reporter or an editor knows that a statement is false and prints or airs it anyway.

Q: In media law, is the defamation of character in written or broadcast expression.

Q: When a copyright period expires, the work is said to enter the .

Q: is the legal right of authors and producers to own and control the use of their published or unpublished writing, music, and lyrics; TV programs and movies; or graphic art designs.

Q: Charles T. Schenck was found guilty of violating the Act.

Q: restraint is the legal definition of censorship in the United States.

Q: The Estate is what the press is called when it operates as an unofficial branch of government, monitoring the legislative, judicial, and executive branches for abuses of power.

Q: The model for journalism and speech encourages vigorous government criticism and supports the highest degree of freedom for individual speech and news operations.

Q: The model for journalism and speech places control in the hands of an enlightened government, which speaks for ordinary citizens and workers in order to serve the common goals of the state.

Q: The model for journalism and speech tolerates little public dissent or criticism of government.

Q: One way to understand net neutrality is as a debate between which of the following groups? A. Those who think the government needs to guarantee equal speed and access for all Internet services and content, and those who think the government should let companies charge whatever they want B. Those who think the Internet is an essential utility like water or electricity (and needs more regulation), and those who think of it as an information service like cable TV (and needs less regulation) C. Those who want to see the FCC continue to push for strong net neutrality rules, and those who want to overturn the regulations that do exist D. Those who want the same rules for broadband and wireless connections, and those who think wireless connections should be exempt from certain rules E. All of the options are correct.

Q: The idea of net neutrality refers to .A. laws that keep Internet providers from supporting a political candidate or partyB. the fact that the early design of the Internet happened in SwitzerlandC. the belief that government should allow Internet providers to allow or block any content they wantD. the belief that all wired Internet providers should be required to provide the same access to all Internet services and contentE. None of the above options is correct.

Q: Section 315 of the 1934 Communications Act requires broadcast stations to .A. cover all sides of a controversyB. give all qualified political candidates an equal opportunity to obtain airtimeC. provide response time for individuals attacked in a broadcast editorialD. provide educational programming for childrenE. serve the public interest of their audiences

Q: Who came up with the "seven dirty words'" comedy routine that landed a radio station in hot water with the FCC and resulted in rules about what times of the day a broadcaster can air "adult" material?A. Jerry SeinfeldB. George CarlinC. Janeane GarofaloD. Robin WilliamsE. Lenny Bruce

Q: Which of the following statements about the FCC and "fleeting expletives'" in live TV shows is not true? A. The FCC fining flurry was partially in response to campaigns against Howard Stern's vulgarity and the Janet Jackson exposed-breast incident. B. In 2006, Congress increased the FCC's maximum allowable fine to $325,000 per incident. C. In 2010, a federal appeals court rejected the FCC's policy on the basis that it was too vague. D. In 2010, a federal appeals court rejected Congress's increase of the FCC's maximum allowable fine. E. All of the options are true.

Q: In the 1960s, radio programming that featured deejays and callers discussing intimate sexual topics was called .A. dirty radioB. topless radioC. pirate radioD. commercial radioE. night radio

Q: The Communications Act of 1934 mandated that radio broadcasters operate in the "public interest, convenience, and necessity" based on which of the following arguments?A. Radio stations are funded by the government and therefore should serve the public. B. Limited broadcast signals constitute a scarce national resource.C. Minors have unrestricted access to the radio.D. The government should be able to control broadcasting the way it controls the print media.E. All of the options are correct.

Q: Performers, writers, or producers who did not bow to pressure from people like Senator Joseph McCarthy and found themselves blacklisted as part of the communist "witch-hunts'" of the 1950s .A. were sent to special camps to protect the publicB. could only work for minimum wageC. lost their jobs and any chance of getting hiredD. could only work for RedChannels, an anticommunist radio and television showE. None of the above options is correct.

Q: Because of fears about the spread of communism in the 1950s and the tactics of lawmakers such as Senator Joseph McCarthy, TV networks started asking actors and other workers to A. hold controversial political views in order to get and keep their jobsB. sign loyalty oaths denouncing communismC. defend themselves in a court of law from accusations of being communistsD. stop working in television and radioE. None of the above options is correct.

Q: In 1984, the PG-13 movie rating was added, in part, because which of the following two popular films were considered too violent and disturbing for children under thirteen? A. Amadeus /This Is Spinal Tap B. Gremlins / The Terminator C. The Terminator / The Killing Fields D. Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom / Gremlins E. The Killing Fields / Indiana Jones and the Templeof Doom

Q: The U.S. movie rating system is an example of .A. industry self-regulationB. censorshipC. state regulationD. FCC guidelinesE. federal regulation

Q: The case in 1952 determined that film should be protected as a form of free speech.A. Burstyn v. WilsonB. Mutual v. OhioC. New YorkTimes v. SullivanD. ProgressiveE. Pentagon Papers

Q: Adopted by 95 percent of the movie industry during most of the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, the Motion Picture Production Code would have allowed .A. showing a minister of religion as the hero of a storyB. showing a gangster as the hero of a storyC. a scene with lots of passionate kissingD. comedy classified as "toilet humor"E. a joke about a traveling salesman and a farmer's daughter

Q: In the Mutual v. Ohio (1915) decision, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that film was a .A. "business pure and simple"B. "means for public discourse"C. "legitimate form of free speech"D. "blight on creative expression"E. All of the options are correct.

Q: The U.S. government banned boxing films from being transported from state to state in 1912 because of .A. concerns about children watching the violent images of boxingB. concerns about people betting on the fightsC. concerns about images of the first black heavyweight being perceived as a threat by the white communityD. concerns that the movies would make the "low-class'" sport too popularE. All of the options are correct.

Q: In 1912, in the first type of national action limiting the film industry, the U.S. government banned the interstate commerce of which kinds of films?A. Pornographic filmsB. Boxing films C. German filmsD. Films endorsing anarchyE. Films about labor unions

Q: In 2001, the weakened privacy laws and gave the federal government more latitude in searching private citizens' records and intercepting electronic communications without a court order.A. USA PATRIOT ActB. Privacy ActC. Fair Use LawD. Shield LawE. First Amendment

Q: It became obvious that old laws regarding obscenity and child pornography were not keeping up with Web technology when .A. minors were arrested on child pornography charges for "sexting"B. the Child Online Protection Act was found unconstitutionalC. the concept of community standardswas eclipsed by the global reach of the InternetD. states such as Connecticut, Florida, and New York had to consider adjustments to their child pornography laws with the arrival of "sexting"E. All of the options are correct.

Q: Which of the following actions by the media is not a violation of the usual rights of privacy for a private citizen? A. Taping or photographing a person in their home or other private space B. Sharing health records C. Using a person's image or quote in a news story without consent D. Disclosing information about religion, sexual activities, or personal activities E. Using a person's image or name, without consent, in advertisements or endorsements

Q: Before it was found unconstitutional in 2007, the Child Online Protection Act .A. addressed a child's right to be left aloneB. made it illegal to post "material that is harmful to minors'"C. banned advertisers from targeting childrenD. exempted the children of celebrities and public figuresE. None of the above options is correct.

Q: The U.S. Supreme Court's standards for judging something as obscene include which of the following?A. The average person, applying community standards, would find that the material appeals to prurient interests.B. The material depicts sexual conduct in a patently offensive way.C. The material lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value.D. The work as a whole must be judged obscene.E. All of the options are correct.

Q: Which of the following is not part of the legal definition of obscenity?A. The work as a whole must appeal to prurient interest.B. The work as a whole must lack serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. C. The work must depict or describe dirty words and brutal violence.D. The work must depict sexual conduct in a patently offensive way. E. All of the options are part of the legal definition.

Q: The Supreme Court sided with Larry Flynt in his case against Jerry Falwell because .A. Hustler magazine was never sold outside the court's jurisdictionB. parody falls under the opinion and fair comment ruleC. privileged speech is protected under the First AmendmentD. Hustlerwas not the only national porn magazineE. it approved of the magazine's message

Q: The idea of absolute privilege refers to .A. the ability of reporters to print or broadcast anything they wantB. the ability of the very rich to hire lawyers to sue anybody who libels themC. the ability of prosecutors to accuse defendants of crimes in court without risking libelD. the federal shield laws that allow a reporter to keep a source confidentialE. the way in which college students and professors can use small portions of a written work, as long as they use the proper citation

Q: Reporters who print or broadcast statements made in court are protected against libel by A. absolute privilegeB. qualified privilegeC. opinion and fair commentD. malpracticeE. right to privacy law

Q: For public figures to successfully sue for libel, they must prove "actual malice," which means the news medium .A. knew the statement was false but published it anywayB. published a true statement with the intention of hurting the public figureC. was reckless with the public figure's privacy rightsD. had long harbored ill will toward and dislike for the public figureE. has a reputation for being mean-spirited

Q: Private individuals must prove falsehood, damages, and negligence to win which kind of case?A. CopyrightB. Fair useC. Libel D. SeditionE. Censorship

Q: A written or broadcast expression that defames someone's character is .A. absolute privilegeB. copyrightC. censorshipD. fair useE. libel

Q: In 1976, Congress extended the copyright period to .A. fifteen yearsB. fifty years, or seventy-five years for a corporate copyright ownerC. the life of the author plus twenty-five yearsD. the life of the author plus fifty years, or seventy-five years for a corporate copyright ownerE. None of the above options is correct.

Q: Which statement about copyright law is true? A. Copyright covers a creative work for only seven years after it is produced. B. Companies like Disney are huge supporters of getting their material into the public domain. C. Corporate owners spend lots of money getting Congress to shorten the length of copyright protections. D. The original idea behind American copyright law was that authors would have a financial incentive to create original works, and after fourteen years others would be able to safely use it to create derivative works. E. Copyright laws have remained virtually unchanged since they were written in the eighteenth century, being adapted without debate to new media.

Q: At the end of the copyright period, a creative work such as a book or song becomes .A. more valuable to the person or company that owns the copyrightB. protected from use by anyone other than the author or creatorC. available for public use with the payment of a royalty feeD. available for public use free of chargeE. a target for online piracy

Q: The creators of works such as books, music, lyrics, movies, and TV programs are protected if someone tries to make money off their work because of .A. copyright lawB. libelC. fair useD. limited privilegeE. public domain

Q: Some members of the U.S. Government wanted to charge the founder of WikiLeaks, Julian Assange, with .A. computer fraud for hacking into the cell phones of crime victimsB. computer fraud for running a scam posing as a deposed Nigerian princeC. espionage for publishing the Pentagon PapersD. espionage for releasing thousands of confidential U.S. embassy documents onlineE. None of the above options is correct.

Q: Which laws, passed in 1917 and 1918, made it a federal crime to disrupt the nation's war effort?A. Privacy ActB. First Amendment C. Espionage Acts D. Sedition ActsE. Bill of Rights

Q: Which of the following constituted a "clear and present danger" to national security according to the federal courts?A. Publishing a design for the H-bomb in Progressivemagazine B. Prosecuting the president for potentially criminal actsC. Stealing the Pentagon Papers and publishing them D. Distributing antiwar pamphlets during peace time E. None of the above options is correct.

Q: In the Progressive magazine case, a federal district court took a course of action based on concern that the magazine would publish .A. information on how an H-bomb worksB. a story that defamed the presidentC. obscene materialD. a story that endorsed drug useE. copyrighted material

Q: The Pentagon Papers case involved which of the following legal concerns?A. Reporters were infringing on the copyrights of the Pentagon. B. Reporters were making unfair use of the documents.C. Newspapers were libeling the president and his administration by exposing their lies.D. The president should have the absolute privilege to block newspapers from publishing unflattering material.E. Whether or not the government has the right to censor a newspaper and preventpublication in the interest of national security

Q: In 1971, President Richard Nixon's administration tried to block publication of .A. reports on weapons of mass destructionB. reports of government overspendingC. instructions on how to make an H-bombD. the Progressive magazineE. a study of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam war

Q: Which statement about the Sedition Act of 1798 is true?A. It was passed to silence editorials encouraging the country to take part in a pending war. B. It was used to prosecute newspapers that criticized the political party that controlled thepresidency and Congress.C. It was renewed over and over again by several presidents after Adams.D. No U.S. governments after 1801 again tried to limit dissent about a war by passing a law making it a crime.E. Its excesses actually helped bolster public support for taking rights away from a free press.

Q: Which of the following statements about the Sedition Act of 1798 is not true? A. It aimed to silence opposition to a possible war with France. B. It led to a public backlash that ultimately supported greater protection of a free press. C. It was passed by a political party in power to undermine efforts by an opposing political party. D. It was supported and reinforced by President Thomas Jefferson when he later took office. E. It was originally passed by Congress and signed into law by President John Adams.

Q: Prior restraint means .A. that courts and governments can block the press from publishing any article they deem inflammatory or controversialB. that courts and governments cannot block any publication or speech before it occursC. that courts and governments have the right to review every article before it is publishedD. that courts and governments can give the news media rules on what they can and cannot publishE. None of the options is correct.

Q: According to the text, one of the first widely circulated arguments for a free, unlicensed press can be traced to .A. the un-amended U.S. ConstitutionB. the tradition of a free press that started in Great Britain and other European countries in the 1600sC. English poet John Milton's essay AreopagiticaD. President John AdamsE. Welsh poet Dylan Thomas's poem, "Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night"

Q: Which model of expression tolerates all forms of speech, including pornography?A. Authoritarian B. State model C. LibertarianD. Social responsibility E. Communitarian

Q: Which of the following is not characteristic of the libertarian model for expression and speech?A. Tolerance for the expression of everything, from pornography to advocacy of anarchyB. Encouraging vigorousgovernment criticismC. A great deal of trust in citizens' ability to distinguish truth from falsehoodD. Arguing that the mass media have grown too powerful and need to become more socially responsible or face some sort of government regulationE. All of the options are characteristics of the libertarian model.

Q: The notion of the press working as the Fourth Estate, or as watchdog over the government, is contained in which model of speech and expression?A. AuthoritarianB. Communist (or state) C. LibertarianD. Social responsibility E. Antiquarian

Q: State leaders believe the press should serve the goals of the state in the model.A. authoritarianB. communistC. libertarianD. social responsibilityE. seditious

Q: Which model of the press is most often associated with today's mainstream U.S. news media?A. Authoritarian B. Communist C. LibertarianD. Social responsibility E. Seditious

Q: Compared with most other nations, the United States has freedom of speech, religious tolerance, and press freedom.A. a little lessB. a little moreC. a lot moreD. a lot lessE. about the same

Q: Broadcasters are no longer legally required to provide competing points of view when airing programs about controversial issues.

Q: According to the 1934 Communications Act, broadcast stations must provide equal opportunities and response time for qualified political candidates.

Q: The FCC can fine broadcast stations any amount it sees fit for indecent incidents.

Q: Newspapers are not required by law to give individuals an opportunity to reply to an editorial attack.

Q: In twentieth-century Supreme Court decisions, the print media and broadcast media received the same First Amendment protections.

Q: Currently, both print journalists and broadcasters need federal licenses to operate their businesses.

Q: Print and broadcast media are not treated equally under the First Amendment.

Q: Since its debut in 1990, the NC-17 movie rating has been a commercially successful rating for films with adult content.

Q: When the movie rating system began in the late 1960s, the G, PG, PG-13, R, X, and NC-17 ratings were all developed at that time and put immediately into place.

Q: Movies released in the United States are required by federal law to be labeled with an MPAA movie rating.