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Q:
__________is a digital technology that enables AM and FM radio broadcasters to multicast two or three additional compressed signals within their traditional analog frequency.
Q:
__________is a noncommercial radio network established in 1967 by the U.S. Congress to provide an alternative to commercial broadcasting.
Q:
__________, originally called Top 40 radio, encompasses everything from hip-hop to children's songs.
Q:
A type of radio and sound transmission that stresses the volume or height of radio waves is called__________ .
Q:
The Communications Act of __________established the Federal Communications Commission.
Q:
A. Buddy HollyB. Thomas Edison C. Little Richard D. Elvis PresleyE. Bing Crosby F. Chuck Berry G. Alan FreedH. Emile BerlinerI. Jerry Lee Lewis1) Flat disk2) Earliest phonograph3) Crooner4) Drag queen5) Payola6) Jailed7) Drafted into the Army8) Married young cousin9) Died in plane crash
Q:
Unauthorized online file sharing is known as__________ .
Q:
Music talent scouts, or__________ , discover, develop, and sometimes manage performers.
Q:
__________is a style of rap music that depicts the hardships of urban life and sometimes glorifies the violent style of street gangs.
Q:
In the 1950s, songs recorded or performed by musicians who did not originally write or perform the music were called __________; they were an attempt by white producers and artists to capitalize on popular songs by blacks.
Q:
Before rock and roll, the music industry distinguished pop chartsfeaturing mostly white musicfrom R&B, or __________chartsfeaturing mostly black music.
Q:
Bing Crosby established himself as one of the first__________ , or singers of pop standards.
Q:
A recording is made by turning sound waves into a series of on- off pulses stored as musical code.
Q:
A(n) __________recording is made by capturing the fluctuations of the original sound waves and storing those signals in a record's grooves or an audiotape's continuous stream of magnetized particles.
Q:
In the 1940s, __________originated as magnetized strands.
Q:
Over the last century, the music industry__________.A. has had a history of reproducing and reinforcing racial, gender, and other stereotypesB. challenged racial, gender, and other stereotypesC. encouraged rebellion and confrontation with authorityD. toned down content in order to increase profitsE. All of the options are correct.
Q:
Senate hearings on the music industry in the 1980s led to __________.A. lower prices for musicB. higher royalty rates for artistsC. monopolistic control of the music industryD. music advisory labelsE. the legalization of payola
Q:
Which of the following statements is true about the attempts to rein in popular music?
A. Most attempts happened in the 1950s and 1960s.
B. Concerns over lyrics in the mid-1980s had no effect on the music industry.
C. Before rock-and-roll music, there were no clashes between older and younger generations over music.
D. Gangsta rap was embraced by middle-class white adults as an excellent way for their children to learn about inner-city life.
E. None of the above options is correct.
Q:
Which statement best describes the relationship between small independent music labels and the huge major music labels?A. Each survives only by trying to put the other out of business.B. They never cooperate to distribute music.C. Major labels rely on resourceful independents to discover new talent and trends.D. Independents distribute only mainstream music while the majors cover niche markets and discover new talent.E. There are no independent labels left because they"ve all been purchased or run out of business by the four major labels.
Q:
Which of the following statements about the music industry and the Internet since the year 2000 is true?A. Musicians and music companies are afraid to use the Internet to market new music.B. No one will spend money for music if they can download it for free.C. Artists who use the Internet to generate a fan base can improve their chances of being signed by a major label.D. No musicians have experimented with bypassing record labels and selling their music directly on the Internet.E. None of the above options is correct.
Q:
Which of the following is not an example of the Web sites that are increasingly popular places for fans to sample and discover new music?A. Google B. iTunesC. FacebookD. YouTube E. Rhapsody
Q:
Which of the following statements accurately represents how independent musicians use the Internet?A. The Internet is a big obstacle for new musicians because they lose money on illegal song downloads.B. The Internet doesn"t really have much impact on new or independent musicians.C. The Internet provides an inexpensive way for new artists to create a fan base using social networking sites.D. No musicians have been able to use the Internet to launch a mainstream music career.E. The Internet is the only way for independent musicians to launch a mainstream music career.
Q:
Which statement best describes the uneasiness between the commercial and artistic sides of the music business?A. Record labels only want cookie-cutter artists, but recording artists don"t want to compromise their own "sound."B. An artist who criticizes commercial culture might need to sign with a major label and become part of that culture in order to reach a larger audience.C. Record labels rely on the Internet to promote artists, but recording artists feel that this practice is too commercial.D. Artists want to set their own prices, but record labels are unwilling to allow artists too much freedom.E. All of the options are correct.
Q:
Which of the following is not one of the ways record companies, composers, and recording artists make their money?
A. The direct sale of CDs and digital downloads at retail stores
B. Charging fees to radio stations that play their music
C. The illegal sharing of songs via computer files
D. Selling albums and songs on sites like iTunes and Amazon
E. All of the options are correct.
Q:
An A&R (artist & repertoire) agent typically__________ .A. makes decisions about the final sound of a recordingB. listens to demo tapes and scouts talent for record labelsC. chooses studio recording equipment and manages audio techniciansD. makes distribution arrangements with major retailersE. All of the options are correct.
Q:
In economic terms, the recording industry is best described as__________ .A. a monopolyB. a big, friendly, family businessC. an oligopolyD. alternative-music heavenE. cluttered with indie record labels
Q:
Which of the following large corporations is not one of the major firms controlling national and international music distribution today?A. RCAB. Sony Music EntertainmentC. Warner Music GroupD. Universal Music GroupE. None of the above options is correct.
Q:
The term__________ refers to the economic situation in which a few firms dominate an industry.A. monopolyB. corporate scaling economiesC. oligarchyD. limited competitionE. oligopoly
Q:
Sugarhill Gang's 1979 hit "Rapper's Delight" __________.A. became the first No. 1 hip-hop album on the popular chartsB. infused hip-hop with a political take on ghetto lifeC. sampled part of another song, a practice common to hip hopD. was part of the subgenre known as gangster rapE. was covered more successfully by white artists
Q:
Which of the following is the correct chronological order (oldest to newest) in which musical genres first became popular?A. Hip-hop, rock, punk, jazz, grunge B. Jazz, punk, hip-hop, rock, grunge C. Punk, jazz, grunge, hip-hop, rock D. Jazz, rock, punk, hip-hop, grunge E. Grunge, hip-hop, punk, rock, jazz
Q:
Which of the following statements about hip-hop music is true?A. It is a broad description of music and culture that includes rapping, sampling/cutting, and deejays.B. It provides a way for artists to debate issues of gender, race, class, violence, and drugs.C. It has been criticized for lyrics that degrade women and glorify violence. D. Some of its most popular artists include Lupe Fiasco and Jay-Z.E. All of the options are correct.
Q:
The album that broke grunge music into the American mainstream was __________.A. Nevermind by NirvanaB. Thug Life by Tupac ShakurC. Ten by Pearl JamD. Never Mind the Bollocks by The Sex PistolsE. Dookie by Green Day
Q:
Folk music __________.A. is mostly acoustic music that is historically popular with authority figuresB. is a genre with a rich history of protest lyrics and a focus on social and political issuesC. used electric guitars and loud drum solos to establish its distinctive soundD. was at the heart of the payola scandals of the 1950sE. has its roots as music composed and written down by so-called "Tin Pan Alley"
Q:
The success of British groups in America in the 1960s led to __________.A. the verification that the performers themselves could write and produce popular music wellB. the German Invasion led by artists like the ScorpionsC. the acceptance of later British artists like Amy Winehouse and RadioheadD. the sale of American popular music recordings in EuropeE. None of the above options is correct.
Q:
Conservative social forces in the late 1950s pointed to Jerry Lee Lewis as an example of__________A. the new clean-cut musicians who were promoted by Dick ClarkB. a rock and roller who was considered to be "white trash"C. how musicians could be corrupted by payolaD. how a young man from the South could realize the American DreamE. how black musicians were inciting riots
Q:
In the 1950s, disc jockey Alan Freed attempted to make rock-and-roll music more acceptable to mainstream audiences by__________ .A. playing original rhythm-and-blues music and black versions of early rock and rollB. playing rhythm-and-blues songs as they were covered by white musiciansC. developing formatted stations that targeted specific audiences with specific types of musicD. developing payola practices that guaranteed the inclusion of particular songs on mainstream music stationsE. having white musicians cover sacred gospel songs for mainstream audiences
Q:
The turning point that led to the end of major record labels employing white performers to cover black rock-and-roll artists' songs occurred with which event?A. Ray Charles had a No. 1 hit covering a country song in 1962.B. The Marvellettes scored a No. 1 hit with "Please Mr. Postman" in 1961. C. Little Richard had a hit, "Tutti-Frutti," in 1956.D. Lauryn Hill covered Frankie Valli's old tune "Can"t Take My Eyes Off of You" inE. None of the above options is correct.
Q:
Little Richard became the first African American artist to chart higher with his own song than a white cover artist because__________ .A. he cleaned up the music and lyrics so white audiences wouldn"t be offendedB. he pretended to be whiteC. nobody cared about race anymoreD. he wrote and performed a song with lyrics and a style that white artists like Pat Boone couldn"t imitateE. he made a deal with white cover artists so they would respect his creative efforts
Q:
In the mid-1950s and early 1960s, Pat Boone was ranked as__________ .A. the king of popB. the king of cover musicC. the king of rock and rollD. the king of swingE. the king of pain
Q:
Which of the following boundaries did rock and roll not blur in the 1950s?A. The country and the cityB. Sacred and secularC. Masculinity and femininityD. North and South E. Old and young
Q:
Which of the following does not fall into the category of pop music?A. RockB. CountryC. Classical D. Hip-hopE. Blues
Q:
What might be an example of "music in the cloud"?
A. Music services available on long airplane flights
B. Downloading music to your computer or portable music player like an iPod
C. Music you hear on the radio
D. An online music service that lets you listen to music without physically owning the songs
E. Music that has been illegally downloaded
Q:
Which of the following are ways the music industry tries to fight the illegal downloading of music?A. It has asked P2P sites like Grokster and Kazaa to pay them a monthly fee.B. It has embraced ways for consumers to pay for legal downloading of music.C. It has convinced several major Internet service providers to help identify customers who may be illegally downloading music.D. Both B (embraced legal downloading) and C (convinced Internet service providers to identify illegal downloaders) are correct.E. Both A (asked P2P sites to pay a monthly fee) and B (embraced legal downloading) are correct.
Q:
Which of the following is true about the MP3 music file format?A. It creates music files that are very large and slow to download.B. It was very important in the fight against the pirating of recorded music.C. It makes recording, transferring, and downloading music quicker and easier. D. It hasn"t been popular with consumers because MP3 players break easily.E. None of the above options is correct.
Q:
The biggest seller of recorded music in the United States is__________ .A. BMG Music ServiceB. Best BuyC. WalmartD. TargetE. iTunes
Q:
Under the compromise reached by CBS and RCA in 1953, the standard for record singles became the __________format.A. 331/3-rpmB. 45-rpmC. 78-rpmD. CDE. MP3
Q:
Magnetic audiotape and tape players first caught on in the__________ .A. 1950sB. 1940sC. 1910sD. 1890sE. 1960s
Q:
Emile Berliner's invention of__________ was significant because it allowed for mass reproduction of sound recordings and for labeling, which enabled the development of a star system.A. wax cylindersB. lamp blackC. flat disksD. audiotapeE. 331/3rpm records
Q:
A major difference between sound recordings made by Emile Berliner and those made by Thomas Edison was that__________ .A. Berliner's disks were flatB. Edison's disks could be mass producedC. Edison's disks were coated with lamp blackD. Berliner's disks were made of vinylE. None of the above options is correct.
Q:
Which of the following musical genres was at one time banned?A. Hip-hop musicB. Waltz music C. Rock music D. Gangsta rapE. All of the options are correct.
Q:
Unsigned music artists can now build online communities of fans around their personal Web sites, drawing attention to their music.
Q:
Songwriters and publishers receive a mechanical royalty each time a recording of one of their copyrighted songs is sold.
Q:
Radio stations pay a licensing fee to broadcast copyrighted music.
Q:
Recording artists receive about one-third of the retail price of a CD in royalties.
Q:
The advance money that a recording artist receives from his or her music label is ultimately a loan, and the artist is responsible for reimbursing the label for recording expenses, music video costs, and other charges before receiving any additional royalties made on sales.
Q:
Many musicians who receive advances from record companies don"t earn enough from sales to pay them back.
Q:
Most of the money earned from the sale of a CD goes to the royalties paid to the artist.
Q:
Independent labels produce only about 2 percent of all recordings.
Q:
Because they are smaller, independent record companies are reluctant to invest in commercially unproven artists.
Q:
Universal Music Group controls nearly 20 percent of the U.S. market share of the recording industry.
Q:
Oligopoly is the term for a situation in which a few firms control most of an industry; film studios and record labels are examples.
Q:
Gangsta rap developed in the 1980s partly to tell the truth about gang violence in American culture.
Q:
Grunge music became a significant form of rock and roll in 1992 as a result of a breakthrough album by Nirvana.
Q:
Punk rock emerged in the 1970s partly to protest the commercialism of the recording industry.
Q:
Folk is considered the sound of social activism.
Q:
Motown music groups had a more stylized, softer sound than the funk music of James Brown and Wilson Pickett.
Q:
TV host Ed Sullivan promoted the career of the Beatles, but he considered the Rolling Stones
"bad boys."
Q:
British rock-and-roll groups such as the Beatles drew much of their inspiration from black artists.
Q:
The Rolling Stones emphasized hard rhythms and vocals in their music, while the Beatles stressed melody.
Q:
The record industry groomed singers Jerry Lee Lewis, Chuck Berry, and Little Richard as replacements for rebellious rock and rollers like Frankie Avalon and Ricky Nelson.
Q:
Payola is the practice of record promoters paying deejays to play certain songs on the air.
Q:
The first congressional hearings on radio payola started closely after the quiz-show scandals in television.
Q:
In the 1950s, it was common practice for white artists to cover songs first recorded by black performers.
Q:
In the late 1950s, singers Little Richard and Jerry Lee Lewis stopped performing rock and roll because they believed it was the "devil's music."
Q:
White supremacist groups did not consider rock and roll a threat to white culture because white artists like Elvis Presley played it.
Q:
Cleveland deejay Alan Freed helped popularize black music with white audiences.
Q:
Sometimes called the first integrationist music, rock and roll blurred all sorts of cultural, class, and geographic boundaries.
Q:
Blues music originated in the urban taverns of Southern California.
Q:
Music in the cloud eliminates the physical ownership of music.
Q:
The music industry----especially major labels----ultimately embraced the MP3 format by supporting services like iTunes.