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Journalism
Q:
Researchers associated with the minimal-effects model argue that people engage in selective exposure and selective retention with regard to the media.
Q:
Between 1930 and 1970, "Who says what to whom with what effect?" became the key question in American communications research.
Q:
Media effects research first emerged because of concerns about television violence.
Q:
Social psychology studies measure public attitudes.
Q:
Walter Lippmann's Public Opinion is considered by many academics to be "the founding book in American media studies."
Q:
Tweeting and blogging are .A. considered a waste of time by almost all news organizationsB. mostly ignored by news media audiencesC. a journalism fad that has passedD. becoming more and more required duties for journalistsE. done only by journalists of small local papers
Q:
Which of the following is not a change the Internet has wrought upon traditional journalism?A. News reporters are increasingly required to have video and audio elements in their stories.B. News consumers can more often see entire interviews instead of only sound bites. C. Both print and TV news can continually update breaking news stories online.D. Journalists might rely too heavily on Internet research rather than physically going to investigate stories.E. E-mail interviews allow journalists to get more spontaneity out of interview subjects.
Q:
Which of the following is true about the growing use of "talking head" pundits on cable news networks?
A. Pundits have charisma and opinions, but are often weak on facts.
B. It makes an effort to target "niche" news audiences rather than a larger general audience.
C. The return to partisan news could be seen as a return to journalistic practices of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
D. The use of pundits is a less expensive strategy for filling the twenty-four-hour news cycle.
E. All of the options are correct.
Q:
The growing trend of twenty-four-hour cable news stations filling time with "talking head" pundits .A. enables the stations to spend more money on producing "solid" journalismB. allows these stations to appeal to the broadest possible audience by avoiding offending viewersC. displays a continued rejection of the "partisan press'" roots of American journalismD. encourages civil conversation about American politicsE. None of the above options is correct.
Q:
Which of the following is true about sound bites?A. They are the TV equivalent of a photograph in newspapers. B. Their average length has increased since the 1960s.C. They are usually quite brief and can come from an expert, a celebrity, a victim, or a person on the street.D. They are part of a newspaper article.E. They typically allow extra time for complex and nuanced ideas.
Q:
The sound bite in a TV news report is the equivalent of a in a newspaper story.A. sourceB. bylineC. lead paragraphD. quoteE. footnote
Q:
Ad-libbed or scripted banter that goes on among local news anchors, reporters, meteorologists, and sports reporters before and after news reports is called . A. happy talkB. crime blocksC. pretty-faceD. sound bitesE. talking heads
Q:
Which of the following did not result from hiring television news consultants?A. Local news directors purchased national prepackaged formats.B. Local news put its issues-oriented reporting at the forefront, often starting newscasts with those stories.D. Everything from music to opening graphics developed a similar look across the country. C. A culture of""if it bleeds, it leads"" developed in the industry.E. Standards of appearance for news anchors became even more rigid.
Q:
Why have local TV newscasts developed a similar look since the 1970s?
A. TV news directors copied each other.
B. Local news programs became syndicated.
C. Stations hired news consultants, who advised them to buy national prepackaged formats.
D. Technology dictated that news programs look alike.
E. Studies showed that there was only one way the news could logically be delivered to viewers.
Q:
refers to the moment when the reporter nabs the wrongdoer.A. Balanced conflictB. Herd journalismC. EthnocentrismD. A gotcha storyE. A conflict of interest
Q:
Journalism critics say the quest for balance presents some problems, including .A. leading to stories that misrepresent complex issues as two-sided dramasB. not revealing that quotes may be selected for the purpose of drama instead of fairnessC. serving business interests rather than journalistic interestsD. failing to represent those who hold a middle positionE. All of the options are correct.
Q:
Scoop behavior, in which reporters stake out a house or chase celebrities, is called .A. situational ethicsB. herd journalismC. individualismD. conflict of interestE. yellow journalism
Q:
For most journalists, the bottom line is .A. "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you"B. "Fairness first"C. the public's right to knowD. "Get the story"E. managing conflicts of interest
Q:
According to the textbook, which of the following is not characteristic of modern journalism?A. It tends to rely on "expert" sources for information.B. It provides little historical context in most front-page stories.C. It provides detailed interpretation and analysis of news events. D. It creates an appearance that the reporter is neutral or detached. E. All of the options are not characteristic.
Q:
The textbook uses the news coverage of urban illegal drug problems as an example of .A. how the amount of coverage a social problem gets in the news is tied to the actual severity of that problemB. how journalists overall are good at providing context for ongoing social problemsC. how news coverage can fail to offer strong continuing coverage of long-term social problemsD. how journalists can go undercover to get informationE. how journalists all tend to cover the same topics over and over again
Q:
The textbook suggests that the best way for journalists to reach ethical decisions might be A. dealing with complex issues as they arise on a case-by-case basisB. leaving all decisions to senior managementC. taking the time to work through several critical thinking stepsD. choosing one ethical model (such as Aristotle's) and sticking with it absolutelyE. always assuming that the public's need to know outweighs all other concerns
Q:
Which of the following could help a journalist resolve a moral or ethical dilemma?A. The Golden Rule, translated as treating others as you would want to be treatedB. Aristotle's ideal of the ""golden mean""C. Immanuel Kant's principle that you should at all times stick to universal codes of behavior, such as honestyD. Jeremy Bentham's and John Stuart Mill's principle of doing the greatest good for the greatest numberE. All of the options are correct.
Q:
Which of the following would be okay for a journalist to accept from a news source and still avoid a conflict of interest?
A. A train ride
B. A meal
C. Box seats for a baseball game
D. A promise of greater access to an important figure in exchange for positive stories
E. None of the options is correct.
Q:
The value of favoring the small over the large and the rural over the urban is called .A. ethnocentrismB. individualismC. responsible capitalismD. small-town pastoralismE. All of the options are correct.
Q:
One problem with journalists assuming the underlying value of responsible capitalism is that A. it can lead to a nave belief that businesses compete to increase the prosperity of all instead of maximizing their own profitsB. it can lead to a nave belief that businesses are always evil and put their interests over the prosperity of allC. journalists understand too much about the financial issues related to the companies that employ themD. it can lead to too much critical coverage of the oligopolistic nature of today's economyE. None of the above options is correct.
Q:
According to the textbook, which of the following ideas developed into an underlying, subjective value in the culture of American journalism?
A. Ethnocentrism
B. Individualism
C. Responsible capitalism
D. Small-town pastoralism
E. All of the options are correct.
Q:
Herbert Gans studied the newsroom cultures of CBS, NBC, Newsweek, and Time during the 1970s. Which of the following is not one of the enduring values he identified within these newsroom cultures?A. A preference for large-scale, urban settingsa focus on cities rather than rural communitiesB. A focus on the power of individuals to overcome obstacles and personal adversityC. A relatively procapitalist assumption that businesses compete for the well-being of the community rather than merely to increase profitsD. A tendency to judge other nations based on how they live up to American valuesE. All of the options are correct.
Q:
Critics of CNN say it too often engages in ethnocentrism because .A. it only covers news about CaucasiansB. it tells international stories from a variety of global perspectivesC. it centers its news reporting around ethnic issuesD. it tells international stories from a largely American point of viewE. None of the above options is correct.
Q:
Historically, "objectivity" became valuable for newspapers and journalists because .A. it was highly valued by Joseph PulitzerB. offending the smallest number of people meant earning the largest profitC. the general public loved the partisan pressD. reporters had a desire to be "fair and balanced" for society's sakeE. All of the options are correct.
Q:
One of the main reasons newspaper organizations started wanting their reporters to write in a neutral, detached style was that .A. it would take less ink than printing stories with lots of adjectivesB. it would help reporters determine what is newsworthyC. it would alienate fewer potential subscribers and advertisersD. the tradition of a partisan press had become too old-fashionedE. it made for shorter stories that would mean spending less on ink and paper
Q:
Based on the criteria a local broadcaster would use to determine newsworthiness, which of the following stories would most likely be covered?A. Two local city council members get into a heated argument over building a new statue to honor a local celebrity.B. People in a small foreign nation elect a new president.C. Two local city council members agree to spend ten dollars on a new sign for the council chambers.D. A local woman takes in a stray cat.E. A Girl Scout helps an elderly woman cross the road.
Q:
Which of the following is not one of the basic criteria of newsworthiness?A. Human interestB. Proximity C. Timeliness D. ConflictE. Consensus
Q:
Which of the following is not one of the techniques outlined by NBC news president Reuven Frank in 1963 as an effective way to tell a news story?A. A story should have a beginning, middle, and end.B. A story should include colorful descriptions that may or may not be factual.C. A story should have structure and conflict.D. A story should have rising and falling action.E. A story should have a problem and denouement.
Q:
Satirical news shows like The Daily Show and TheColbert Report only seek to entertain, not inform, viewers.
Q:
The public journalism movement asks reporters to remain detached from their communities and avoid involvement that could reveal a point of view.
Q:
Many journalists take great pride in asking tough questions and acting as an adversary to the prominent political leaders and major institutions they cover.
Q:
By presenting both sides of a controversy, reporters always ensure that the news story is fair and balanced.
Q:
According to modern reporting rituals, journalists must rely on outside expert sources for information, even if they are experts on a subject themselves.
Q:
The case of Richard Jewell and the Olympic Park bombing in 1996 demonstrates the danger of journalists' not independently verifying what they report.
Q:
Journalists routinely straddle a line between the public's right to know and a person's right to privacy.
Q:
Newspaper editors feel that the public's right to know always outweighs other issues, including national security.
Q:
Herbert Gans found that beliefs like ethnocentrism and small-town pastoralism consistently affect American journalists' judgment.
Q:
An inverted-pyramid lead, carefully attributed sources, and limited use of adverbs and adjectives are the hallmarks of a neutral news story.
Q:
The set of criteria for deciding what is newsworthy has evolved over time.
Q:
A. Print newsB. TV news1) Pretty faces2) Inverted pyramid3) Sound bites4) Quotes5) Happy talk6) See It Now
Q:
A type of journalism driven by citizen forums, journalism goes beyond telling the news to embrace a broader mission of improving the quality of public life.
Q:
refers to the merging of print and broadcast news with online news.
Q:
John Stuart Mill's ethical principle was to promote the "greatest for the greatest number" of people.
Q:
Ethical decisions that are made on a case-by-case basis are called ethics.
Q:
ethics suggests that reporters should never use deception to get a story.
Q:
An underlying value held by most U.S. journalists and citizens, favors individual rights and responsibilities over group needs or institutional mandates.
Q:
An underlying value held by many U.S. journalists and citizens, pastoralism favors the small over the large and the rural over the urban.
Q:
Which of the following is a basic tenet, or belief, of conventional journalism?A. Reporters have a moral and ethical duty to help improve civic life. B. Journalists should help improve political discourse.C. A free press should question the government and get both sides of a story.D. Journalists need to become activists for engaging the public in the political process. E. All of the options are correct.
Q:
Which of the following is not true about "fake" news programs such as TheDaily Show with Jon Stewartand The Colbert Report?A. Their success might be attributed in part to the audience's cynicism about politics and politicians.B. They not only satirize people in the news, but critique the news media as well.C. They are simply about telling jokes and never try to express any larger truth.D. The tradition can trace its roots back to the 1970s when SaturdayNight Live started running "Weekend Update."E. The viewers of "fake" shows find the slick, formulaic political ads and canned sound bites of local TV news stories less persuasive.
Q:
Supporters of public journalism argue that insisting journalists are "value-neutral" .A. helps bolster the actual professionalism and objectivity of journalistsB. creates a sense of greater trust by the public in the journalism professionC. actually results in less credibility with the publicD. will help the news remain fair and unbiasedE. is a true reflection of the values held by journalists
Q:
In which way does the current trend toward public journalism differ from modern journalism?A. It moves away from just telling the news to becoming involved in community life.B. It insists that neutrality and objectivity are essential to any type of journalism.C. It moves to increase editorial control in the newsroom and encourage the detached watchdog mission of journalists.D. It does not propose solutions to the political and social problems of the day.E. All of the options are correct.
Q:
Which of the following is a characteristic of public journalism?A. A focus on the most recent eventsB. Following a "he said--she said" format for reporting newsC. An emphasis on human-interest stories to attract readersD. Journalists not only criticizing communities but trying to improve them E. The complete objectivity of reporters
Q:
A journalist who practices an informational or modern model approach to journalism would most likely be inclined to focus a story about a crime spree around .A. presenting official comments and statistics in a neutral mannerB. taking an advocacy stanceC. condemning the criminals involvedD. acknowledging his or her own point of viewE. None of the above options is correct.
Q:
While the Internet has provided many new tools for journalists, what is a potential Internet pitfall for reporters?A. The enormous amount of information on the Web makes it harder to copy the work of other journalists.B. Print journalists are being told to focus on reporting and leave video and camera work to others.C. The enormous amount of information available on databases and other sites can keep reporters at their desks rather than out in the community finding stories and cultivating sources.D. Journalists are allowed to tell their story via only one medium.E. None of the above options is correct.
Q:
A. Permitted Baby Bells entry into the cable TV businessB. Broke up the Standard Oil CompanyC. Limited anticompetitive mergersD. Allowed dealers to sell competing products1) Sherman Antitrust Act2) Clayton Antitrust Act3) Celler-Kefauver Antitrust Act4) 1996 Telecommunications Act
Q:
is the phenomenon of one country's media, fashion, and food dominating the global market and shaping the cultures and identities of other nations.
Q:
This corporation owns the ABC television network: .
Q:
The promotion and sale of a product (in all its versions) throughout the various subsidiaries of a media conglomerate is called .
Q:
The twentieth century saw a shift away from a manufacturing economy to a/an economy in the United States.
Q:
Sometimes called monopolistic competition, competition refers to a market with many producers and sellers but only a few products within a particular category.
Q:
What was the impact/outcome of a 2010 Supreme Court decision (in a five-to-four vote) regarding campaign financing?A. Stricter limits were placed on the amount of money businesses could donate to political candidates and causes.B. No business or corporation is allowed to influence politicians with campaign cash.C. Only small businesses and unions can donate money to campaigns.D. The government cannot interfere in campaign spending by corporations.E. None of the above options is correct.
Q:
One key paradox of the Information Age is that for economic discussions to be meaningful and democratic, they must be carried out in .A. educational settingsB. the popular media as well as in educational settingsC. community-action groupsD. American homesE. presidential debates
Q:
Which is a term that describes what happens when one society exports an overwhelming surge of media images that strongly influence everything from fashion styles to views of morality? A. Cultural imperialismB. OligopolyC. Consumer choiceD. Narrative storytellingE. Monopoly
Q:
America has been accused of cultural imperialism for which of the following reasons?A. U.S. corporations own most of the world's mass media.B. The Pentagon dictates foreign policy in most foreign countries.C. American styles in fashion, food, and entertainment dominate the global markets. D. Baywatch was more popular overseas than it was in the United States.E. All of the options are correct.
Q:
Cultural imperialism is .A. a concept in journalism ethics that argues that journalists must know the culture they are reporting onB. the theory that globalization is good for media, since it makes media more culturally diverseC. the idea that large and powerful countries can dominate and even change the culture of smaller countries through mediaD. the argument that people are more affected by the media that is familiar to themE. the process of colonization of smaller and weaker countries by larger and more powerful countries
Q:
In our market economy, citizens have , but not very much control over the types of products they might actually want.A. consumer choiceB. enormous powerC. freedom from thoughtD. great responsibilityE. None of the above options is correct.
Q:
Our society has been reluctant to debate the inequalities inherent in mass media ownership and has gradually collapsed the critical distinctions between .A. capitalism and the free marketB. democracy and free speechC. space and timeD. capitalism and democracyE. socialism and free speech
Q:
How might diversification be used to skirt antitrust laws?A. Employing minorities tends to make regulators happy and reluctant to target companies.B. It gets local communities to issue licensed monopolies, such as is the case with many local cable companies that are often the only cable company allowed to operate in a local community.C. By buying up lots of different media products, a company can avoid the appearance of monopolizing any one product, yet still be large enough that it only really competes with a handful of other similar companies.D. A company avoids U.S. antitrust laws by buying up media companies around the world.E. None of the options is correct.
Q:
Because of antitrust laws, most media monopolies today operate on a(n) level.A. localB. federalC. internationalD. discreteE. national
Q:
Unlike the other digital companies, Facebook lacks to access the Internet and digital media.A. hardware devicesB. fundingC. dataD. leverageE. All of the options are correct.
Q:
In 2012 became the most valuable company in the world, with shares worth $625.3 billion.A. GoogleB. FacebookC. AppleD. DisneyE. Amazon
Q:
A 2012 Nielsen survey found that while 62 percent of tablet owners had paid for downloading music, only had paid for news.A. 58 percentB. 51 percentC. 41 percentD. 27 percentE. 19 percent
Q:
Which of the following is true about the globalization of media?A. It's more difficult for American media to reach other parts of the world.B. Globalization allows foreign companies to have more control over the media thatAmericans consume.C. Globalization has prevented U.S. TV channels from establishing a foothold in other countries.D. Globalization facilitates the equal development of media in both the United States and other countries.E. Globalization allows companies to recoup losses in the United States with sales overseas.
Q:
In 2006, Disney CEO Robert Iger merged the company with .A. PixarB. ABCC. CBSD. ViacomE. Google
Q:
What blunder by Disney chairman Michael Eisner was responsible for Disney falling from number 1 to number 5 among movie studios in U.S. box office sales?
A. Hiring Robert Iger
B. Merging with Pixar
C. Starting Buena Vista
D. Refusing to distribute Fahrenheit 9/11
E. Selling Miramax