Q&A Hero

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the nine conflict resolution strategies listed in the book. A.contention B.accommodation C.discipline D.principled E.avoidance

Q: This variable describes how publics perceive obstacles that may stand in the way of a solution A.problem recognition B.framing theory C.constraint recognition D.level of involvement E.conflict resolution

Q: Public relations people use the following terms to talk about persuasion: awareness, attitude, _____________, and behavior. A.beliefs B.action C.reflection D.cognition E.evaluation

Q: _____________ helps explains why some groups are active on a single issue while others act on many issues. A.Situational Theory B.Uses and Gratifications C.Framing Theory D.Social Exchange Theory E.Diffusion Theory

Q: ________________ is another way to look at how people process and accept information. A.diffusion theory B.information recognition C.interest D.adoption E.evaluation

Q: _________________ uses the economic metaphor of costs and benefits to predict behavior. A.systems theory B.situational theory C.action assembly theory D.social exchange theory E.framing theory

Q: The logic behind the social exchange theory can be graphed using a ____________. A.payoff matrix B.diffusion chart C.assembly schematic D.cognitive processing diagram E.evaluation chart

Q: What is the second step in the process that potentially leads to the adoption of an idea? A.evaluation B.interest C.awareness D.trial E.adoption

Q: ___________ attempts to explain why employees may model inappropriate behavior if they feel that behavior is being rewarded in more experienced employees. A.framing theory B.action assembly theory C.situational theory D.social exchange theory E.social learning theory

Q: __________________ proposes that messages carry a preexisting set of meanings. A.framing theory B.action assembly theory C.situational theory D.social exchange theory E.social learning theory

Q: The ________________ influences people through such things as repetition, spokesperson credibility, and tangible rewards. A.social route B.peripheral route C.central route D.persuasion route E.secondary route

Q: The idea that people use the media as a substitute for personal relationships is posited by which theory? A.social exchange theory B.uses and gratifications C.agenda setting theory D.situational theory E.social learning theory

Q: Doris Fleischman was the PR practitioner wife of ____________________. A.Ivy Lee B.Amos Kendall C.Theodore Roosevelt D.John D. Rockefeller E.Edward Bernays

Q: A ____________ is a prediction of how events and actions are related. A.hypothesis B.theory C.program D.policy E.campaign

Q: ______________ was assembled to promote war bonds, food rationing, and growing victory gardens among other activities during World War II. A.The Office of War Information B.The Public Affairs Committee C.The Office of Strategic Services D.The Creel Committee E.The Office of Wartime Support

Q: _____________ looks at organizations as made up in interrelated parts that adapt and adjust to changes in the environment in which they operate. A.systems theory B.situational theory C.action assembly theory D.social exchange theory E.elaborated likelihood model

Q: In ________________, Boston University established the first school of public relations. A.1856 B.1901 C.1929 D.1936 E.1947

Q: In 1954, __________________ developed the first code of ethics for PR practitioners. A.PRSA B.IABC C.NABC D.CASE E.APR

Q: ___________________ began a distinct phase of public relations that was launched about 1990. A.Refocusing on media relations B.The use of the Internet C.The arrival of satellite television D.The rise of protest groups E.Desktop publishing

Q: __________________ has lead to the need for PR practitioners to provide more specialized information tailored to various audiences. A.Societal lack of confidence in corporate America B.The rise of negative perceptions of PR practitioners C.The proliferation of media channels D.The slump in newspaper readership E.The fluctuation of the world economy

Q: The term propaganda can be traced to ancient _________. A.Rome B.Greece C.Asia D.Egypt E.None of these

Q: Samuel Adams staged the ______________ to influence public opinion. A.Liberty Tree B.Great American Beer Festival C.Boston Tea Party D.Revolutionary War E.Lights Golden Jubilee

Q: During the __________, workers first organized themselves into unions that often opposed business owners. A.Industrial Revolution B.Bronze Age C.Revolutionary War D.post-war 1950s E.None of these

Q: ___________ is considered the "first lady of PR" and was instrumental in enhancing PR education through PRSSA and PRSA certification? A.Doris Fleischman Bernays B.Betsy Plank C.Denny Griswald D.Leone Baxter E.none of the above

Q: _____________ was blamed for the crisis that struck the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company in 1914. A.The Rockefeller family B.The U.S. government C.The public relations industry D.Ivy Lee E.None of these

Q: _________________ is reported to have created the first corporate communications department in 1889. A.George Westinghouse B.Ivy Lee C.Amos Kendall D.Matthew Knowlton E.Theodore Vail

Q: The Committee on Public Information (the Creel Committee) was formed by _________. A.Herbert Hoover B.Woodrow Wilson C.Franklin D. Roosevelt D.Harry Truman E.None of these

Q: ______________ was assembled to create public support for World War I. A.The Office of War Information B.The Public Affairs Committee C.The Office of Strategic Services D.The Creel Committee E.The Office of Wartime Support

Q: Edward Bernay's first book was titled "___________________." A.Crystallizing Public Opinion B.Public Relations and Propaganda C.Winning Friends and Influencing People D.The Process of Persuasion E.None of these

Q: Edward Bernay's most well-known public relations event was ______________. A.the remaking of the Rockefellers B.Light's Golden Jubilee C.The 50th Anniversary of Ford Motors D.promotion of slacks to women E.Great American Smoke Out

Q: ___________ directed the Office of War Information. A.Elmer Davis B.George Creel C.Ivy Lee D.Edward Bernays E.Amos Kendall

Q: Arthur Page established himself as a pioneer in public relations by his insistence on _________________. A.closely monitoring public opinion B.recognizing the power of the internet as a media C.using propaganda during World War II D.making decisions based on hunches E.hiring women to serve as PR practitioners

Q: The acronym APR stands for ___________________. A.Advertising/Public Relations B.Advanced Public Relations C.Accredited Public Relations D.American Public Relations E.Action, Persuasion, Response

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the six principles of public relations as outlined by Arthur Page. A.listen to the customer B.keep competitors guessing about future actions C.tell the truth D.manage for tomorrow E.remain calm, patient, and good-humored

Q: What tool has revolutionized the way journalists and public relations practitioners gather information _________. A.iPhone or other smart phones B.Wikipedia C.Search engines such as google D.online newspapers and magazines E.None of these

Q: _____________ is the second-largest PR market behind the United States. A.Japan B.Latin America C.Europe D.Canada E.None of these

Q: (p.14)The average age of PR practitioners has been __________ for the last decade. A.slowly increasing B.staying steady C.rising rapidly D.decreasing E.None of these

Q: The creation in the 17th century of the Congregatio de Propoganda by ____________________ is often cited as keystone in the development of public relations. A.Columbia University B.the Roman Catholic Church C.Martin Luther D.the ancient Greeks E.Spanish conquistadors

Q: In 1758, __________________ issued the first press release. A.Princeton B.Samuel Adams C.King's College D.Benjamin Franklin E.Amos Kendall

Q: Amos Kendall, perhaps the first presidential press secretary, worked for _____________. A.Abraham Lincoln B.Theodore Roosevelt C.Andrew Jackson D.John Rockefeller, Sr. E.Franklin D. Roosevelt

Q: What king of press agentry was labeled a harmless deceiver? A.Tom Thumb B.Ivy Lee C.Edward Bernays D.John Bailey E.P.T. Barnum

Q: ________________ of practitioners have passed national accreditation exams administered by the IABC or PRSA. A.One-fifth B.One-fourth C.One-third D.One-half E.Three-quarters

Q: _____________________ led to people negatively perceiving big business and the rise of corporations recognizing the need for public relations specialists. A.The American Revolution B.American Industrial Revolution C.World War I D.World War II E.Stock market crash of 1929

Q: What percentage of PR practitioners are males? A.10 percent B.30 percent C.50 percent D.75 percent E.85 percent

Q: The earliest use of the term "public relations" came in Dorman B. Eaton's 1882 address to ____________________. A.Congress B.the AT & T board of directors C.the US Supreme Court D.Yale Law School's graduating class E.the United Nations

Q: ______________ are not considered a key audience for public relations efforts. A.Activist groups B.Media C.Employees D.Financial analysts E.All of these are key audiences

Q: __________________ is often labeled as the father of public relations. A.Ivy Lee B.Edward Bernays C.Amos Kendall D.George Michaelis E.John D. Rockefeller

Q: Much of the communication stemming from public relations is both persuasive and __________________. A.purposive B.deliberately false C.dishonest D.None of these E.All of these

Q: Which public relations practitioner issued a "declaration of principles" that set the standard for public relations to keep the public informed and to provide accurate information to the news media? A.Elmer Davis B.Edward Bernays C.Arthur Page D.Ivy Lee E.Theodore Vail

Q: Activist publics should be contacted by practitioners ___________________. A.only after they gain media exposure B.as early as possible C.once they register with the government D.after they stage their first protest E.once the name of the leader is known

Q: The first time a full-time publicist was engaged in a fund-raising drive was when the _________________ in Washington, D.C., was built. A.Lincoln Monument B.YMCA C.Whitehouse D.Ford's Theater E.Washington Monument

Q: Which of the following is not a name often assigned to public relations? A.public affairs B.communication C.public information D.corporate relations E.All of these are used

Q: Which of the following is not a controlled media? A.daily newspaper B.corporate newsletter C.sales brochure D.annual report E.organization's website

Q: Business scholars often say that management involves doing the right things and making the right choices, whereas ____________ involves doing the right things. A.activism B.leadership C.advertising D.marketing E.None of these

Q: Public relations leaders spend much of their time gauging the implications that __________ issues have on maintaining an organization's long-term reputation. A.social B.political C.economic D.All of these E.None of these

Q: Public relations is increasingly becoming the responsibility of ____________. A.executives B.just those people trained in PR C.interns D.graduates of accredited PR colleges E.None of these

Q: Public relations practitioners promoting _______________ insist that the organization serve in the public interest. A.persuasion B.marketing communication C.social responsibility D.employee welfare E.media relations

Q: One of the most important roles of public relations practitioners is interpreting ______________ to management. A.public opinion climate B.annual reports C.media coverage D.shareholder confidence E.sales plans

Q: Public relations leaders spend time gauging the implications that social, political, and economic issues at home and abroad have on maintaining the organization's _________________. A.market share B.stock value C.work force D.financial stability E.long term reputation

Q: In multinational corporations, globalization has increased the need for clear, consistent and central corporate messages with adaptation at the _______ level. A.local B.global C.international D.community E.none of these

Q: Public relations is a ___________________________ function that helps achieve organizational objectives, defines philosophy, and facilitates organizational change. A.marketing and promotions B.leadership and management C.covert and hidden D.reactionary and intuitive E.media and paid-placement

Q: US organizations spent _______________ annually on public relations. A.$5 million B.$15 million C.$500 million D.$1 billion E.$10 billion

Q: _____________ is the oldest and largest professional association serving public relations practitioners. A.Internal Association of Business Communicators B.Professional Relationship Supporters of America C.National Public Relations Organization D.Association of Public Information Officers E.Public Relations Society of America

Q: Within the United States, it is estimated that roughly one-third of all practitioners work in __________________. A.agencies B.politics C.corporations D.consulting E.non-profit

Q: Public relations has been seen as the planned effort to influence public opinion, generally through ____________________. A.press releases B.video news releases C.persuasive communication D.propaganda E.counseling

Q: Marketing communication campaigns utilize ____________ to introduce products. A.product publicity B.financial relations C.point-of-purchase advertising D.social responsibility E.internal relations

Q: ___________________ are defined as groups of people who become important to an organization for one reason or another. A.Cohorts B.Consumers C.Publics D.Audiences E.Market segments

Q: Which of the following is a key public for public relations practitioners? A.media B.employees C.governmental officials D.community leaders E.all of these

Q: ____________________ are persuasive efforts to inform people and change their behaviors regarding some public good. A.Infomercials B.Press Releases C.Advertisements D.Social marketing programs E.none of the above

Q: Government agencies often use the term _______________ to delineate public relations. A.corporate communication B.public affairs C.propaganda D.marketing communication E.promotional affairs

Q: The key difference between advertising and public relations centers around ______________. A.media selected to carry messages B.audiences for messages C.payment for message placement in media D.employment of research to tailor messages to an audience E.creativity involved in developing messages

Q: _____________________ involves analyzing problems and opportunities, defining goals and the publics, and recommending and planning activities. A.Research B.Evaluation C.Production D.Counseling E.Programming

Q: Which of the following duties/functions outlined in the PRSA booklet Careers in Public Relations involves strengthening ties to internal and external constituents? A.relationships B.information C.special events D.research E.production

Q: News conferences, convention exhibits, anniversary celebrations, and tours all fall under the label of ___________________. A.media relations B.information C.special events D.marketing communications E.target marketing

Q: Advertising is strictly forbidden, even today, as a source of financial support for Chinas broadcast system

Q: List five normative theories and briefly describe each.

Q: VOA has frequently vacillated between disseminating Western propaganda and providing objective information.

Q: Not everyone is comfortable with the role of the Voice of America and other U.S. surrogate services today. Where do you stand on this issue? Defend your answer.

Q: Many countries limit the number of American movies they import each year.

Q: What are the five concepts that guide the worlds media systems? What are the characteristics of each concept? For each concept, provide at least one example of a country whose media system operates according to that concept.