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Journalism
Q:
Describe what is generally happening to print newspaper subscribership in the United States today.
Q:
The first magazine in colonial America was
a. Andrew Bradfords American Magazine, or a Monthly View of the PoliticalState of the British Colonies.
b. Benjamin Franklins General Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, for All the British Plantations in America.
c. Thomas Paines Avenging the Great Denial.
d. Cond Nasts Traveler.
Q:
In the early 1800s, U.S. magazines began to less resemble their British forefathers, in large part because of uniquely American
a. literacy rates.
b. advertising support.
c. social movements like labor reform and abolition.
d. postal rates.
Q:
The U.S. mass-circulation popular magazine first prospered in the
a. preCivil War years.
b. postCivil War years.
c. excitement surrounding the turn of the twentieth century.
d. wake of the emergence of the mass-circulation newspaper.
Q:
The ethnic pressfor example, African-American, Latino, and Native-American newspapersis a very recent development.
Q:
According to former Google CEO Eric Schmidt, newspapers have a __________ problem, rather than a demand problem.
a. audience
b. advertising
c. business-model
d. content
Q:
Yellow journalism is thought to have acquired its name from a popular cartoon character of the time.
Q:
Long Islands Newsday is the twelfth-largest paper in the country with a print circulation of over 265,000. It is classified as a _____________ newspaper.
a. national daily newspaper
b. large metropolitan daily
c. zoned edition
d. suburban daily
Q:
The oldest national daily newspaper is the Wall Street Journal.
Q:
Todays U.S. alternative press has grown out of
a. the underground press of the 1960s.
b. the postWorld War II ethnic newspaper movement.
c. a desire by sophisticated readers for more political reporting.
d. a reaction to the conservatism of the 1980s.
Q:
The placement of stories has influence on what readers come to see as important news.
Q:
Beyond high circulation numbers, newspapers are popular with advertisers for three primary reasons: their reach to 70% of Americans, the good demographics of readers, and the fact that many newspapers
a. are the least expensive medium in which to advertise.
b. have exceedingly loyal readers.
c. are local, so advertisements can reach specific groups of readers..
d. give them cost breaks.
Q:
Primary among the reasons advertisers like newspapers as an advertising medium is their local nature.
Q:
The practice of newspapers making some or all of their online content available only to paying subscribers is known as a
a. paywall.
b. firewall.
c. zoned edition.
d. penny press.
Q:
Newspaper chains are not a new development. They have existed since the 1800s.
Q:
Newspaper horoscopes, chess and bridge columns, editorial cartoons, and comics are all material provided by
a. wire services.
b. chains.
c. syndicates.
d. joint operating agreements.
Q:
The most important story in a newspaper, as indicated by its placement, is located on the front page, toward the left, and above the fold.
Q:
How many chains received more than half of all newspaper industry revenue?
a. 5
b. 10
c. 2
d. 7
Q:
Sensational stories that do not serve the democratic function of journalism are known as
a. hard news.
b. soft news.
c. broad sheets.
d. wire services.
Q:
Stores that help citizens make important decisions and keep up with important issues are known as
a. hard news.
b. soft news.
c. broad sheets.
d. wire services.
Q:
The success of smaller, more local newspapers can be credited to a. lower cost. b. coverage of unique material not found easily elsewhere. c. less advertising. d. better journalism.
Q:
True/False Question Despite the fact that he was acquitted, Peter Zenger was guilty of seditious libel as the law existed at the time.
Q:
Tablet, smartphone, and e-reader owners who use their devices to read the news spend more time reading than they would on conventional computers.
Q:
Since the newspaper has converged with the Internet, the industry has discovered effective ways to charge for content and measure readership.
Q:
The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution are known as the First Freedoms.
Q:
The penny press succeeded by appealing to better-off, fairly well-educated readers attractive to advertisers.
Q:
In response to radio and magazines challenge for advertising dollars, newspapers began consolidating into groups, known as _____________. Hearst and Scripps were among the most powerful, owning papers in different cities across the country.
a. syndicated
b. chains
c. combines
d. conglomerates
Q:
Seven out of 10 Americans under the age of 45 access newspaper content online. This is made possible by
a. a decrease in availability of newspapers.
b. an increased leisure time.
c. an increase in development of technology such as e-readers and smartphones.
d. a decrease in leisure time.
Q:
Advertisign rates for online newspapers are determined by how many times the online ad is seen, or its
a. click bait.
b. impressions.
c. pass-along readership.
d. paywall.
Q:
When newspaper circulation figures include readers who did not originally buy the papers they read, they are said to include _____________ readership.
a. pass-along
b. cumulative
c. cume
d. progressive
Q:
The oldest national daily newspaper in the United States is
a. the New York Times.
b. the Wall Street Journal.
c. USA Today.
d. the Christian Science Monitor.
Q:
The newest national daily newspaper in the United States, founded in 1982, is
a. the New York Times.
b. the Wall Street Journal.
c. USA Today.
d. the Christian Science Monitor.
Q:
Approximately what percentage of a daily newspapers space is given to advertising?
a. 25%
b. 45%
c. 65%
d. 75%
Q:
The feature services, or _____________, do not gather and distribute news. Instead, they operate as clearinghouses for the work of columnists, essayists, cartoonists, and other creative individuals.
a. wire services
b. syndicates
c. chains
d. joint operating agreements
Q:
_____________ permit a failing paper to merge most aspects of its business with a successful local competitor, as long as their editorial and reporting operations remain separate.
a. Wire services
b. Syndicates
c. Chains
d. Joint operating agreements
Q:
Because so many newspapers now have online versions of their publications, many observers feel that circulation is an insufficient measure of a papers true readership. They propose a new metric that combines paper and unique online readers called
a. cumulative eyes.
b. total readership.
c. integrated audience reach.
d. market saturation.
Q:
Newspapers have traditionally kept their advertising and editorial functions separate. This is often referred to as the
a. firewall.
b. barrier.
c. guardian of trust.
d. moat.
Q:
_______ is a newspapers ability to influence not only what we think, but what we think about.
a. Liberal bias
b. Agenda setting
c. Conservative bias
d. News diffusion
Q:
Because so many newspapers are available online, the amount of ___________, or poorly written, sensational stories designed to attract more readers and increase advertising revenue, is on the rise.
a. impressions
b. crowdfunded journalism
c. click bait
d. hard news
Q:
Frederick Douglasss _____________, founded in 1847 with the masthead slogan Right is of no SexTruth is of no ColorGod is the Father of us all, and we are all Brethren, was the most influential African-American newspaper before the Civil War.
a. the North Star
b. the Chicago Tribune
c. The Rams Horn
d. Freedoms Journal
Q:
The press guarantee of freedom, as well as all peoples right to free speech, is set out in which amendment to the U.S. Constitution?
a. First
b. Fourth
c. Fifth
d. Fourteenth
Q:
In 1849, six large New York papers, including the Sun, Herald, and Tribune, decided to pool efforts and share expenses in collecting news from foreign ships docking at the citys harbor. In doing so they established the first
a. penny press.
b. yellow tabloid.
c. wire service.
d. syndicate.
Q:
The first successful (lasting more than a few days) colonial newspaper was John Campbells 1704 Boston News-Letter. One reason it succeeded where others had failed was that
a. its revolutionary rhetoric attracted many colonial readers.
b. it received subsidies from the government loyal to the Crown.
c. its writing was lively and engaging.
d. its use of pictures and other graphics made it accessible to those who could not read.
Q:
In 1883, Hungarian immigrant Joseph Pulitzer bought the troubled New York World. His readership was the common man, and he succeeded in reaching readers with light, sensationalistic news coverage, extensive use of illustrations, and circulation-building stunts and promotions. This brand of journalism became known as
a. the penny press.
b. yellow journalism.
c. wire reporting.
d. syndication publishing.
Q:
The nationally distributed newspaper most responsible for encouraging the migration of southern black people to the industrial centers of the North just after the turn of the twentieth century was
a. Freedoms Journal.
b. the North Star.
c. the Chicago Tribune.
d. the Chicago Defender.
Q:
Radical change in an industry brought about by the introduction of a new technology or product is known as
a. agenda setting.
b. disruptive transition.
c. crowdfunded journalism.
d. alternative press.
Q:
Overall, levels of newspaper circulation have _____________ for many years, and the amount of time people spend reading the print newspaper has _____________.
a. declined; fallen
b. declined; remained steady
c. declined; increased
d. increased; fallen
Q:
Seventeenth-century one-page news sheets about events on the European continent, which were printed in English in Holland and imported into England by booksellers, were called
a. broadsides.
b. Acta Diurna.
c. corantos.
d. diurnals.
Q:
Englishmen Nathaniel Butter, Thomas Archer, and Nicholas Bourne published the first true forerunners of our daily newspaper in the 1640s, using the same title for consecutive editions. They called their news sheets
a. broadsides.
b. Acta Diurna.
c. corantos.
d. diurnals.
Q:
Single-sheet announcements or accounts of events imported from England and posted on walls in the American colonies were called
a. broadsides.
b. Acta Diurna.
c. corantos.
d. diurnals.
Q:
The first newspaper printed in the colonies lasted only one day. Its publisher, Benjamin Harris, called it
a. Publick Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestick.
b. Boston News-letter.
c. New-England Courant.
d. Pennsylvania Gazette.
Q:
In 1734, New York Weekly Journal publisher _____________ was jailed for publishing scandalous libels about the governor of Massachusetts. Nonetheless, it established the fact that a popular paper could challenge authority.
a. Peter Zenger
b. Benjamin Franklin
c. James Franklin
d. John Campbell
Q:
Benjamin Franklin demonstrated that financial independence, based on advertising sales and other nonofficial economic support, could lead to editorial independence for his newspaper, the
a. Publick Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestick.
b. Boston News-letter.
c. New-England Courant.
d. Pennsylvania Gazette.
Q:
The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution are called the
a. Emancipation Proclamation.
b. Magna Carta.
c. Freedom of Speech and Press.
d. Bill of Rights.
Q:
Convergence and technological advances are reshaping the book industry. Weigh in on the current focus on digitizing most of the worlds books: Do you believe this is a positive for literacy in our country? In your opinion, has this change helped or harmed authors, the publishing industry, book stores, and the quality of books thus far? Where do you see this trend going in the next several years?
Q:
The 1798 _____________ made illegal the writing, publishing, or printing of any false scandalous and malicious writing about the president, Congress, or the federal government.
a. Stamp Act
b. Bill of Rights
c. Alien and Sedition Acts
d. First Amendment
Q:
What two factors make the newspaper a particularly attractive medium to potential advertisers?
Q:
With the turn of the nineteenth century, urbanization, growing industries, the movement of workers to the cities, and increasing literacy combined to create an audience for a new kind of paper, one in which the price per copy was very low but on which publishers could make a profit by selling advertising. These papers were known as
a. yellow journalism.
b. the penny press.
c. pulp papers.
d. tabloids.
Q:
How have joint operating agreements affected competition in the newspaper industry?
Q:
The first penny paper was the _____________, first published by Benjamin Day in 1833.
a. New York Morning Herald
b. New York Tribune
c. New York Sun
d. Chicago Tribune
Q:
What are some ways in which technology has changed the newspaper industry?
Q:
One penny paper, Horace Greeleys _____________, established the mass newspaper as a powerful medium of social action through its use of non-sensationalistic, issues-oriented, and humanitarian reporting.
a. New York Morning Herald
b. New York Tribune
c. New York Sun
d. Chicago Tribune
Q:
Essay Questions What are some ways that critics believe concentration is damaging the newspaper as an important medium? Describe each and explain how it might damage the papers traditional democratic function.
Q:
The first African-American newspaper was _____________, published initially in 1827 by John B. Russwurum and the Reverend Samuel Cornish.
a. the North Star
b. the Chicago Tribune
c. The Rams Horn
d. Freedoms Journal
Q:
List and discuss several ways in which technology is changing the newspaper industry and the newspaper as a medium. Which of these alterations do you see as beneficial, and which do you see as harmful to the future of the medium and its role in the culture? Explain.
Q:
Describe the current state of newspaper readership. How will this affect the future of the newspaper as an advertising medium, as a business, and as a cultural force?
Q:
Explain the softening of the news as it pertains to a media literacy issue. In your opinion, what role do newspapers play in our democratic process? How much influence do newspapers have on how we view the world? In its current state, is the industry giving us what we want? What we need?
Q:
Among the earliest newspapers were the daily reports of the actions of the Roman Senate, called
a. broadsides.
b. Acta Diurna.
c. corantos.
d. diurnals.
Q:
The early colonists were committed readers and brought many books with them to the New World.
Q:
What are the arguments for and against Googles plan to digitize the full contents of millions of books?
Q:
The linotype machine permitted the mechanical rather than manual setting of type by printers.
Q:
How does the Hollywoodization of the book industry manifest itself? What are the pros and cons of this trend?
Q:
The sale of paperback books accounts for a relatively small portion of book sales.
Q:
What are the implications of censorship for democracy?
Q:
As opposed to other mass media, conglomeration has yet to strike the book publishing industry.
Q:
What are the arguments for and against censorship of books in the United States?
Q:
Over half of all book sales in the United States are accounted for by independent bookstores.
Q:
Essay Questions List six cultural functions of books. Describe each and discuss why books, as opposed to other mass media, may be better or worse equipped to fulfill these functions.
Q:
Within the e-publishing industry, only new or untested authors are making their works available online.
Q:
Book publishers confronted with censorship face a conflict: the supposed good to the culture resulting from limiting publication versus the democratic obligation to resist censorship. If you were a publisher, how would you decide this conflict? Defend your position.