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Law
Q:
The ________ Clause prohibits states from enacting laws that unduly discriminate in favor of their residents.
Q:
The Due Process Clause of the ________ Amendment applies to federal government action.
Q:
The ________ is a test that is applied to classifications based on a suspect class or involves fundamental rights.
Q:
The Privileges and Immunities Clause prohibits states from enacting laws that unduly discriminate in favor of their residents.
Q:
Substantive due process requires that the government give a person proper notice and hearing of legal action before that person is deprived of his or her life, liberty, or property.
Q:
Under the intermediate scrutiny test, a court must determine whether the government classification is reasonably related to a legitimate government purpose.
Q:
The Equal Protection Clause makes the classification of individuals based on their race unlawful.
Q:
The Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment provides that a state cannot promote one religion over others.
Q:
The ________ Clause of the U.S. Constitution collectively prohibits states from enacting laws that unduly discriminate in favor of their residents.
A) Due Process and Dormant Commerce
B) Equal Protection
C) Establishment
D) Privileges and Immunities
Q:
A certain state in the United States declares that its citizens should only wear "modest" clothing. Which of the following conclusions is made when this law is tested for substantive due process?
A) unconstitutional for compulsion
B) invalid for violation of the Equal Protection Clause
C) void for vagueness
D) invalid for violating freedom of expression
Q:
Which of the following requires that government statutes, ordinances, regulations, and other laws be clear on their face and not overly broad in scope?
A) procedural due process
B) substantive due process
C) the intermediate scrutiny test
D) the rational basis test
Q:
Which of the following provisions is made by the Due Process Clauses?
A) No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of the law.
B) No state can regulate foreign trade directly or indirectly without due process of the law.
C) Motions for amendments to the constitution cannot be made without a majority in the parliament.
D) Violation of freedom of speech makes the violator liable for immediate prosecution with due process of the law.
Q:
Which of the following is an instance of a decision involving the Equal Protection Clause being made on the basis of the rational basis test?
A) The government requires only men above the age of 18 to volunteer for military service.
B) The government establishes a trust fund to provide financial aid to minority groups.
C) A state government employs measures to improve living conditions on Native American reservations.
D) The government provides subsidies to farmers, but not to carpenters or lumberjacks.
Q:
The federal government's Social Security program, which pays benefits to older members of society but not to younger members of society, is lawful as examined by a(n) ________ test.
A) rational basis
B) intermediate scrutiny
C) strict scrutiny
D) due process
Q:
The lawfulness of all government classifications that do not involve suspect or protected classes is examined using a(n) ________ test.
A) strict scrutiny
B) intermediate basis
C) due process
D) rational basis
Q:
An organization provides six months of maternity leave to its female employees, whereas its male employees can avail paternity leave for a maximum of two weeks. Which of the following tests is used to examine the lawfulness of this classification?
A) rational basis
B) intermediate scrutiny
C) strict scrutiny
D) cogent basis
Q:
The lawfulness of government classifications based on a protected class other than a suspect class or a fundamental right, such as a classification based on gender, is examined using a(n) ________ test.
A) strict scrutiny
B) intermediate scrutiny
C) rational basis
D) cogent basis
Q:
Vanessa was born to American parents from a minority group in Miami. She applies to a public university which offers scholarships only to students from minority groups. Which of the following standards of review is used to decide if the university violates the Equal Protection Clause by offering Vanessa the scholarship?
A) rational basis
B) intermediate scrutiny
C) strict scrutiny
D) cogent basis
Q:
A(n) ________ test is applied to classifications of people based on a suspect class.
A) strict scrutiny
B) intermediate scrutiny
C) rational basis
D) cogent basis
Q:
Which of the following amendments to the U.S. Constitution contains the Due Process, Equal Protection, and Privileges and Immunities Clauses?
A) the Twelfth Amendment
B) the Thirteenth Amendment
C) the Fourteenth Amendment
D) the Fifteenth Amendment
Q:
Distinguish between limited protected speech and unprotected speech, as defined by the U.S. Supreme Court.
Q:
The ________ Clause prevents the government from enacting laws that either prohibit or inhibit individuals from participating in or practicing their chosen religions.
Q:
The ________ Clause prevents the government from promoting one religion over the other.
Q:
Offensive speech is a form of ________ speech according to the First Amendment.
Q:
________ is speech that the government cannot prohibit or regulate.
Q:
The Establishment Clause guarantees that there will be no state-sponsored religion.
Q:
The Supreme Court has held that the content of offensive speech may not be forbidden but that it may be restricted by the government.
Q:
Speech that is offensive to many members of the society, but is not obscene or violent, is held "unprotected" by the U.S. Supreme Court.
Q:
Advertising is categorized as limited protected speech.
Q:
Lila, a newspaper columnist in Chicago, is unhappy with the rising prices of fuel in the United States. She publishes an article criticizing the government's refusal to offer gasoline at subsidized rates. This is an example of fully protected speech.
Q:
The Freedom of Speech Clause included in the First Amendment protects both speech and conduct.
Q:
The ________ Clause of the U.S. Constitution prevents the government from enacting laws that either prohibit or inhibit individuals from participating in or practicing their chosen religions.
A) Due Process
B) Privileges and Immunities
C) Establishment
D) Free Exercise
Q:
The ________ Clause of the U.S. Constitution prohibits the government from promoting one religion over another.
A) Due Process
B) Privileges and Immunities
C) Establishment
D) Free Exercise
Q:
Advertising is categorized as ________ speech.
A) fully protected
B) limited protected
C) uncensored
D) unprotected
Q:
Which of the following is a form of unprotected speech?
A) offensive speech
B) defamatory language
C) commercial speech
D) political speech
Q:
Which of the following is a form of limited protected speech?
A) defamatory language
B) speech that incites the violent or revolutionary overthrow of the government
C) dangerous speech
D) offensive speech
Q:
Speech that incites the violent or revolutionary overthrow of the government is an example of ________ speech.
A) limited protected
B) prohibited
C) unprotected
D) fully protected
Q:
Jerome wears a t-shirt that bears a picture of the current U.S. president. Under this picture, there are words which imply that the President is doing a bad job of running the country. In accordance with the Freedom of Speech Clause, which of the following is an accurate statement?
A) Criticizing the current president is fully protected speech and Jerome cannot be prosecuted.
B) Jerome could be arrested as his t-shirt violates the Freedom of Speech doctrine.
C) Jerome wearing the t-shirt is an example of limited protected speech.
D) Wearing the t-shirt makes Jerome liable for prosecution on the basis of defamation.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true about the freedom of speech guaranteed by the Bill of Rights?
A) The Freedom of Speech Clause was added to the Constitution in the third amendment.
B) The Freedom of Speech Clause protects speech only, not conduct.
C) There is no provision for fully protected speech in the Constitution.
D) Burning the American flag in protest to a federal government military action is in violation of the Freedom of Speech Clause.
Q:
Why is it unconstitutional for a state government to ban products imported from a foreign country, even if the country engages in activities that are not condoned by that state?
Q:
How has the U.S. government regulated commerce with Native Americans?
Q:
The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution are commonly known as the ________.
Q:
________ is a power that permits states and local governments to enact laws to protect or promote the public health, safety, morals, and general welfare.
Q:
The ________ Act sets the terms of casino gambling and other gaming activities on tribal land.
Q:
Police power permits states and local governments to enact laws to protect or promote the public health, safety, morals, and general welfare.
Q:
The power to regulate interstate commerce lies exclusively with the federal government.
Q:
If the federal government has chosen not to regulate an area of commerce despite possessing the Commerce Clause powers to regulate it, the area is subject to the Dormant Commerce Clause.
Q:
State governments do not have the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations.
Q:
The United States considers Native American tribes as "domestic dependent" nations with limited sovereignty.
Q:
The Due Process Clause of the U.S. Constitution grants Congress the power "to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with Indian tribes."
Q:
The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution are collectively known as the ________.
A) Due Process Clause
B) Privileges Clause
C) Bill of Rights
D) Articles of Confederation
Q:
Kingsland is a country that has been exporting apples to the United States for over a century, shipping 300 tons to Georgia each month. However, last month, Kingsland violated a trading norm which was not condoned by Georgia. Which of the following measures should be taken to regulate apple imports from Kingsland?
A) Georgia should stop trading with Kingsland after serving a notice.
B) Georgia should stop trading with Kingsland without serving a notice.
C) Georgia should appeal to the federal authority which can stop imports from Kingsland.
D) Georgia should make Kingsland export its apples to North Carolina.
Q:
Which of the following is enacted under state police power?
A) personal property laws
B) intellectual property laws
C) international trade laws
D) equal opportunity laws
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of states' police power?
A) Police power restricts states from regulating interstate commerce although it happens within their borders.
B) The states are allowed to regulate army activities within their borders.
C) The states are given the authority to enact laws that regulate the conduct of business within their borders.
D) The police force of a state is controlled by the federal police department.
Q:
Fierra Inc. is a German automobile manufacturer that has a five percent market share in the United States' automobile market. The company has a unit in North Carolina that imports Fierra automobiles from its parent company in Germany and assembles them. Which of the following measures is in accordance with U.S.A.'s Foreign Commerce Clause?
A) The government of North Carolina imposes an additional ten percent tax on Fierra cars.
B) The government of Georgia bans the sale of Fierra cars.
C) The government of North Carolina asks Fierra Inc. to shut down its import unit in the state.
D) The federal government imposes an additional hundred percent tax only on Fierra cars being sold in North Carolina.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of the United States' Foreign Commerce Clause?
A) Regulation of foreign commerce by state governments is unconstitutional.
B) A state can enact a law that forbids a foreign country from doing business in that state if that country engages in activities that are not condoned by that state.
C) Direct regulation of foreign commerce by the federal government violates the Commerce Clause.
D) A state government is only permitted to regulate foreign trade indirectly.
Q:
Santo belongs to the Eliok tribe in an Indian reservation in southern Nevada. He wants to open a casino on the reservation. However, the state authority denies the tribe permission to open a casino in its own territory. Which of the following permits the tribe to bring suit in federal court and force the state to comply?
A) Establishment Clause
B) Indian Gaming Regulatory Act
C) Dormant Commerce Clause
D) Indian Reorganization Act
Q:
The ________ provides that federal law takes precedence over state or local law.
Q:
Checks and balances built into the Constitution ensure that amendments to the Constitution do not contradict existing laws.
Q:
The Supremacy Clause establishes that the fundamental legal and political authority is vested in the citizens of the United States of America.
Q:
The concept of federal law taking precedence over state or local law is called the preemption doctrine.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of the Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution?
A) A particular federal statute cannot exclusively regulate a specific area or activity.
B) Any state or local law that "directly and substantially" conflicts with valid federal law is preempted.
C) A particular federal statute can expressly provide for exclusive jurisdiction.
D) Any state or local law that "directly and substantially" conflicts with valid federal law is held valid if held in harmony with the cultural diversity in the state.
Q:
Which of the following is established by the Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution?
A) The President is the supreme and sovereign head of the United States.
B) The legislative branch of the federal government is the supreme law-making authority in the country.
C) The judiciary is the supreme law-enforcing authority and cannot be influenced by anyone, however powerful, in any manner.
D) The U.S. Constitution and federal treaties, laws, and regulations are the supreme law of the land.
Q:
The ________ provides that federal law takes precedence over state or local law.
A) preemption doctrine
B) Bill of Rights
C) Due Process Clause
D) Free Exercise Clause
Q:
How is power divided between the federal government and the state governments?
Q:
How is the federal government divided? Why are checks and balances necessary? Explain with instances.
Q:
The president is selected by the ________.
Q:
Each state has ________ senators in the U.S. Senate.
Q:
The ________ is responsible for making federal law.
Q:
________ are powers delegated to the federal government by the states.
Q:
The U.S.'s form of government is referred to as ________, in which the federal government and the fifty states share powers.
Q:
The House of Representatives has the power to impeach the President for certain activities, such as treason, bribery, and other crimes.
Q:
Reserved powers are delegated to the judiciary by the President of the United States.
Q:
When the states ratified the Constitution, they delegated certain powers–called enumerated powers–to the federal government.
Q:
In federalism, the federal government and the state governments share powers.
Q:
The primary purpose of the Constitutional Convention of 1787 was to limit the power of the federal government and restrict it from levying or collecting taxes.
Q:
Why have checks and balances been built into the U.S. Constitution?
A) to keep a check on the number and frequency of amendments made to the Constitution
B) to ensure that the judiciary is not biased or corrupt
C) to prevent any one of the three branches of the government from becoming too powerful
D) to ensure that people of all races and ethnicities are uniformly represented
Q:
The ________ branch of the U.S. government is responsible for making federal law.
A) executive
B) judicial
C) legislative
D) fourth
Q:
The legislative branch of the U.S. federal government is ________.
A) monocameral
B) bicameral
C) tricameral
D) polycameral
Q:
Jintopia is a country in which the federal government and the twelve state governments share powers. The form of government in Jintopia is ________.
A) anarchism
B) federalism
C) unitarianism
D) confederalism