Q&A Hero

Q: Court-appointed defense attorneys, whose fees are paid at a set rate by local or state government, are also called ________. a. assigned counsel b. opposing counsel c. public counsel d. private counsel

Q: What decade is considered the heyday of scientific police management? a. 1970s b. 1980s c. 1990s d. 2000s

Q: Suits formally requesting that the person detaining a prisoner bring him or her before a judicial officer to determine the lawfulness of the imprisonment are called ________. a. writs of federal action b. writs of habeas corpus c. writs of mandamus d. ex post facto writs

Q: Which of the following organizations, located on the campus of the University of Nevada at Reno, provides specialized training to judges? a. Judicial Training Academy b. Bureau of Justice Statistics c. American Bar Association d. National Judicial College

Q: What strategy is designed to increase the productivity of patrol officers through the application of scientific analysis and evaluation of patrol techniques? a. analytical patrol b. supervised patrol c. centralized patrol d. directed patrol

Q: Challenges to prison conditions by inmates, which are brought under the Eighth Amendment, must show ________ by the officials responsible for the conditions. a. wanton infliction b. recklessness c. criminality d. deliberate indifference

Q: Which of the following officially notifies witnesses that they are to appear in court to testify? a. appeal b. sentence c. subpoena d. bill

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the three major levels of law enforcement? a. federal b. local c. district d. state

Q: Rhodes v.Chapman dealt with which inmate issue? a. double-celling b. warrantless cell search c. medical care d. inmate unions

Q: Weapons, tire tracks, and fingerprints are examples of ________. a. circumstantial evidence b. real evidence c. exculpatory evidence d. testimonial evidence

Q: Where is the nation's largest law enforcement agency, with about 34,500 full-time sworn officers? a. New York b. Miami c. Chicago d. Los Angeles

Q: ________ among female inmates is very high. a. High school education b. Excellent health c. Substance abuse d. Sexual aggression

Q: The ________ is a two-sided structure under which the American criminal trial court operates that pits the prosecution against the defense. a. election system b. appointment system c. grand jury system d. adversarial system

Q: The FBI headquarters is located in what city? a. Chicago b. Washington, D.C. c. Boston d. New York City

Q: Streetwise young women with little respect for traditional prison values are called ________. a. teddy bears b. tree jumpers c. stud broads d. crack kids

Q: In 1972, the Judicial Conference of the United States adopted a policy opposing ________ in district courts, and that policy was incorporated into the Code of Conduct for United States Judges.. a. broadcast of civil proceedings b. broadcast of in-camera trials c. media coverage of proceedings d. movement of a trial to another location

Q: The Kansas City experiment was regarding ________. a. scientific evidence b. crime evaluation tools c. preventive patrol d. crime prediction

Q: Of the women entering prisons, about________ have at least one child younger than age 18. a. 85% b. 70% c. 56% d. 25%

Q: Which of the following is NOT a type of juror challenge? a. peremptory challenges b. challenges to the array c. challenges for cause d. challenges for knowledge

Q: The FBI headquarters are named after ________. a. Roscoe Pound b. Robert Peel c. Henry Fielding d. J. Edgar Hoover

Q: Which state has the largest number of female prisoners? a. Ohio b. California c. Texas d. New York

Q: The federal Speedy Trial Act allows for the dismissal of charges when the prosecution does not seek indictment within 30 days of arrest, or when a trial does not begin within ________ working days after indictment. a. 70 b. 180 c. 90 d. 120

Q: Which of the following is typically NOT a function of a sheriff's department? a. to serve court papers b. to maintain and manage county jails c. to appoint a local coroner d. to provide law enforcement throughout a county or area between municipalities

Q: The Sentencing Project says that ________ American citizens across the nation are barred from voting because of previous felony convictions. a. 3.9 million b. 390,000 c. 1.2 million d. 11.7 million

Q: Which of the following represents the order of the steps in a criminal trial? a. jury selection, trial initiation, opening statements, presentation of evidence, closing arguments, the judge's charge to the jury, jury deliberations, the verdict b. trial initiation, jury selection, opening statements, presentation of evidence, closing arguments, the judge's charge to the jury, jury deliberations, the verdict c. opening statements, jury selection, presentation of evidence, trial initiation, closing arguments, the judge's charge to the jury, jury deliberations, the verdict d. the judge's charge to the jury, jury selection, opening statements, trial initiation, presentation of evidence, closing arguments, jury deliberations, the verdict

Q: Which agency would NOT be encompassed by the term local police? a. sheriff's department b. campus police c. state police d. municipal department

Q: Which of the following is NOT a cause of prison riots? a. multiple treatment opportunities for inmates b. dehumanizing prison conditions c. regulation of inmate society d. insensitive prison administration

Q: All of the following are outsiders to the courtroom work group, EXCEPT ________. a. defendants b. victims c. lay witnesses d. bailiff

Q: A centralized law enforcement agency ________. a. has only one headquarters b. is characteristic in the southern United States c. combines criminal investigations with patrol of state highways d. draws a clear distinction between traffic enforcement on state highways and other state-level law enforcement functions

Q: More than half of the children of female prisoners never visit their mothers during the period of incarceration. The lack of visits is due to all of the following reasons, EXCEPT that the ________. a. prisons are located in remote areas b. children live with their fathers c. caregivers are unable to arrange visitation d. transportation facilities to the prison are insufficient

Q: Criminal trials under the American system of justice are built around ________. a. the court system b. an adversarial system c. the grand jury system d. a public defender system

Q: In what year did the FBI begin as the Bureau of Investigation? a. 1908 b. 1933 c. 1964 d. 1929

Q: "Rookie" correctional officers learn through socialization that ________. a. the ideals of professionalism rarely translate into reality b. rehabilitation is the number one priority of corrections officials c. it is best to keep to oneself and not fraternize with other officers d. all prison inmates are "monsters"

Q: Who is responsible for summoning members of the public for jury duty and subpoenaing witnesses for the prosecution and the defense? a. the court recorder b. the bailiff c. the court administrator d. the clerk of court

Q: The F.B.I. operates one of the largest ________. a. prisons in America b. traffic control units in law enforcement c. private protective services in America d. crime labs in the world

Q: Which type of prisoners picture themselves as political prisoners? a. colonists b. hedonists c. radicals d. legalists

Q: The most widely used system of indigent defense involves ________. a. public defender programs b. court-appointed defense attorneys judicial degree programs. c. victims' assistance programs d. contract attorney programs

Q: The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment established that ________. a. "preventable crimes" are indeed prevented by patrol b. police response time greatly affects the apprehension rate of suspects c. preventive patrol does affect citizens' fear of crime d. preventive patrol does not affect citizens' fear of crime

Q: The ________ is the type of prisoner who thinks of prison as home and feels more comfortable institutionalized than on the streets. a. opportunist b. colonizer c. retreatist d. gangbanger

Q: Which of the following terms refers to the issue of whether the defendant is actually responsible for the crime of which he or she stands accused? a. implied guilt b. factual guilt c. demonstrated guilt d. legal guilt

Q: Which state had the first modern state police agency? a. Maryland b. Virginia c. New York d. Pennsylvania

Q: Prisoners rights, because they are constrained by the legitimate needs of imprisonment, can be ________. a. thought of as conditional b. thought of as absolute c. protected by federal but not state courts d. revoked by the courts without consideration of constitutionality

Q: Who keeps order in the courtroom and announces the judge's entry to the courtroom? a. the court recorder b. the bailiff c. the clerk of court d. the court administrator

Q: Which police strategy emphasizes an increased capacity to deal with crimes that are not well controlled by traditional methods? a. problem-solving policing b. strategic policing c. community policing d. team policing

Q: Which word describes aggressive men who assume the masculine role in homosexual relations in male prisons? a. wolf b. fag c. chester d. punk

Q: What is the primary purpose of any criminal trial? a. cooperation and communication with the police b. recognition of informal rules of civility c. determination of the defendant's guilt or innocence d. instruction to meet the needs of trial judges

Q: Which policing strategy reorganizes conventional patrol strategies into integrated and versatile police teams assigned to a fixed district? a. team policing b. community policing c. problem-solving policing d. strategic policing

Q: The ten years between 1970 and 1980 have been called the ________ of prison riots. a. "historic era" b. "death knell" c. "explosive decade" d. "mainstay"

Q: Criminal defendants who are unable to afford their own lawyer can use all of the following systems, EXCEPT ________. a. assigned counsel b. public defenders c. bailiffs d. contractual arrangements

Q: Strategic policing emphasizes an increased capacity to deal with crimes that are not well controlled by traditional methods.

Q: Within a few years following the end of the hands-off doctrine, the ________ intervened in the running of prisons in numerous states. a. federal courts b. U.S. Bureau of Prisons c. U.S. Attorney General d. U.S. Congress

Q: The role of a defense attorney does NOT include ________. a. testing the strength of the prosecution's case b. appealing a conviction c. representing the accused d. representing the state

Q: Discretion is used mostly in routine situations that involve offenses that are not very serious.

Q: Which Supreme Court case set the precedent that disciplinary actions by prison officials could NOT be brought against the inmates without appropriate due process? a. Vitek v. Jones b. Ponte v. Real c. Wolff v. McDonnell d. Ruiz v.Estelle

Q: Which work group member has the responsibility of demonstrating to a jury that a defendant is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt? a. the bailiff b. the judge c. the prosecutor d. the defense counsel

Q: Police use their discretion to exercise choice in their daily activities.

Q: Many sexual aggressors in prison must continue to participate in gang rapes because they ________. a. are homosexuals b. need sexual release c. want to avoid becoming victims themselves d. have a damaged masculinity

Q: Which of the following statements is false regarding the role of the judge in the courtroom work group? a. The judge is responsible for presenting the state's case against the defendant. b. If a guilty verdict has been returned, the judge is responsible for imposing a sentence. c. The judge holds ultimate authority in ruling on matters of law. d. The primary duty of a judge is to ensure justice.

Q: The key to community policing is a partnership between the police and the community.

Q: A career offender, who is generally supportive of inmates' values in a women's prison, is called a ________. a. square b. femme c. life d. cool

Q: All of the following discretionary decisions are always inappropriate, EXCEPT ________. a. reducing charges in exchange for personal considerations b. deciding not to prosecute friends or political cronies c. following a state bar version of the ABA rules d. overzealously prosecuting a case to seek heightened visibility

Q: James Q. Wilson's service style of policing is based on order maintenance.

Q: With regard to religious freedom, the government shall NOT impose ________ on the religious exercise of the prisoner. a. a substantial burden b. any rules c. a limit d. any restrictions

Q: All of the following are considered professionals in the courtroom work group, EXCEPT the________. a. victim b. judge c. defense attorney d. prosecuting attorney

Q: James Q. Wilson's legalistic style of policing has been referred to as laissez-faire policing because officers avoid disputes that do not break the law.

Q: Which Supreme Court case provided a balancing test as the guideline for most inmate rights cases? a. Howes v.Fields b. Wilkinson v.Austin c. Porter v.Nussle d. Pell v. Procunier

Q: Factual guilt is established only when the prosecutor presents evidence that is sufficient to convince the judge.

Q: Police"community relations (PCR) programs were a product of the tumultuous 1960s.

Q: Which of the following terms is prison slang for an informant? a. rat b. fish c. gorilla d. wolf

Q: The adversarial system is the two-sided structure under which American criminal trial courts operate that pits the prosecution against the defense.

Q: Police chiefs are elected, and the mayor usually appoints sheriffs.

Q: In The Society of Captives, Gresham Sykes described the pains of imprisonment, or the ________ that prisoners experience. a. deprivations b. importations c. victimizations d. illnesses

Q: The Klopfer case effectively made constitutional guarantees of a speedy trial applicable to state courts.

Q: A decentralized state police agency often operates with two agencies: a highway patrol and a state bureau of investigation.

Q: John Irwin described the lifestyle of an inmate who takes advantage of the positive experiences the prison has to offer as a(n) ________. a. retreatist b. opportunist c. legalist d. hedonist

Q: Peremptory challenges are limited in number.

Q: Community policing is not well suited to the new role local police must play in counterterrorism.

Q: The ________ model of prison culture suggests that inmates bring values, roles, and behavioral patterns from the outside world. a. importation b. liberty c. autonomy d. deprivation

Q: A peremptory challenge allows attorneys to remove potential jurors, but the attorneys must give a reason for doing so.

Q: Quality-of-life offenses are major law violations such as murder.