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Law
Q:
People who are arrested have the right to all of the following, except:
a. make a phone call.
b. know the charges against them.
c. appear before a magistrate without undue delay.
d. a reasonable expectation of privacy.
Q:
The Federalists, who favored a strong central government, were challenged by the Anti-Federalists, who advocated against the creation of any type of central government.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Some states allow officers to arrest for a misdemeanor not committed in their presence in the case of:
a. domestic assault.
b. reckless driving.
c. drug possession.
d. illegal immigrants.
Q:
Opponents of the death penalty most frequently cite which Amendment's prohibition against cruel and unusualpunishment?a. Fifth Amendment b. Sixth Amendmentc. Fourth Amendment d. Eighth Amendment
Q:
A situation in which the police take someone in for questioning in a manner that is, in reality an arrest, but without the requisite probable cause (and therefore illegal) is called:
a. an augmented stop.
b. a seizure incident to arrest.
c. detention tantamount to arrest.
d. pre-arrest detention.
Q:
The Amendment that contains the famous due process clause, "nor shall any person be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law," is the:a. Fifth Amendment b. Sixth Amendmentc. Fourth Amendment d. Eighth Amendment
Q:
The Amendment that guarantees the right against unreasonable searches and seizures is the:a. Fifth Amendment b. Sixth Amendmentc. Fourth Amendment d. Eighth Amendment
Q:
Roadblocks have been found to be constitutional if their purpose is to check for:
a. drugs.
b. drunk drivers.
c. illegal weapons.
d. criminal activity.
Q:
Of the following, the one that permits the U. S. Supreme Court to become the ultimate decision maker in whether laws and actions of government circumvent the Constitution and invalidate them if they do so, is/are the:a. Bill of Rights b. Articles of Confederationc. Supremacy Clause d. Quartering Act
Q:
The Amendment which requires a grand jury indictment in felony cases, prohibits double jeopardy and provides the right against self-incrimination is the:a. Fifth Amendment b. Eighth Amendmentc. Sixth Amendment d. Fourth Amendment
Q:
Officers must have a particularized and objective basis for suspecting the person stopped of criminal activity to demonstrate reasonable suspicion for an investigatory stop under the:
a. totality of the circumstances test
b. articulable probable cause test
c. presumptively reasonable standard
d. objectively reasonable standard.
Q:
The Supreme Court held that "In terms that apply equally to seizures of property and to seizures of persons, the Fourth Amendment has drawn a firm line at the entrance to the house"¦Absent exigent circumstances, that threshold may not reasonably be crossed without a warrant" in:
a. Payton v. New York
b. Illinois v. Wardlow
c. United States v. Watson
d. Tennessee v. Garner
Q:
The Amendment which describes the requirements for a fair trial, including the right of the accused to a speedy and public trial, an impartial jury, to be advised of the charges against them, to confront witnesses against them and to be represented by a lawyer is the.a. Fifth Amendment b. Eighth Amendmentc. Sixth Amendment d. Fourth Amendment
Q:
When would a traffic stop require Miranda warnings?
a. An officer is asking for consent to search the vehicle.
b. The officer is going to arrest the driver.
c. Miranda warnings are not required for traffic stops.
d. A records check reveals an expired license.
Q:
Who said, "Forbid it, Almighty GodI know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!"a. Samuel Adams. b. Paul Revere.c. Patrick Henry. d. George Washington.
Q:
The Boston Tea Party was not:a. a demonstration of the unwillingness of the colonists to pay taxes to Great Britain without representation.b. an act of protest against British rule over the colonies.c. the culmination of growing resentment towards Parliament for passage of laws such as the Stamp and Quartering Acts.d. a formal meeting between British and colonial officials to establish a trade agreement.
Q:
In United States v. Sharpe the Court ruled that a stop:
a. has no rigid time limit.
b. has no time limit.
c. can be no longer than 20 minutes.
d. can be no longer than 75 minutes.
Q:
When the Articles of Confederation were drafted, the number of independent states in the Union was:a. 7 b. 9c. 11 d. 13
Q:
In Illinois v. Wardlow, the Supreme Court ruled that unexplained flight from the police:
a. is a constitutional right.
b. does not, by itself, create reasonable suspicion
c. in itself establishes reasonable suspicion.
d. indicates, without exception, wrongdoing and establishes probable cause.
Q:
Police may use deadly force against fleeing felons:
a. if the pursuit enters another jurisdiction.
b. if the police fear the felon would otherwise escape.
c. only if the suspect presents an imminent danger to life.
d. if state law requires it.
Q:
Pluralism refers to:
a. a society in which numerous distinct ethnic, religious or cultural groups coexist within one nation, each contributing to the society as a whole.
b. the combination of constitutional, statutory and common law.
c. a single act being classified as both a crime and a tort.
d. a society in which numerous distinct ethnic, religious or cultural groups maintain their individual beliefs and form of government.
Q:
The Great Compromise was:
a. another term for the Constitution.
b. the foundation of the Bill of Rights.
c. the agreement that gave each state an equal vote in the Senate and a proportionate vote in the House.
d. the purchasing agreement made for most of the Indian land west of the Mississippi River.
Q:
In Florida v. J.L.,the Supreme Court ruled that Terry stops:
a. can be justified by an anonymous tip.
b. cannot be justified solely by an anonymous tip.
c. only require probable cause.
d. can be justified by an anonymous tip about deadly weapons only.
Q:
A Terry stop requires:
a. reasonable suspicion.
b. informational probable cause.
c. observational probable cause.
d. corroborating information.
Q:
In 1774, the First Continental Congress accomplished all of the following, except:
a. defining the rights of the colonists and outlining violations of these rights by the British government.
b. addressing American grievances to King George and calling for restoration of rights.
c. calling for a boycott of British goods until demands were met.
d. formally severing ties with Great Britain.
Q:
A(n) ______________ is a situation where the police take someone in for questioning in a manner that is, in reality, an arrest:
a. pretext arrest
b. ulterior motive seizure
c. de facto arrest
d. material witness seizure
Q:
The following are true of the Legislative Branch of the United States government, except:
a. it passes laws but has no power to enforce them.
b. it is comprised of the House and Senate.
c. it can enter into treaties with other nations.
d. it regulates interstate and international commerce.
Q:
If police officers make a stop for a traffic violation and are reasonably suspicious that the situation is dangerous, they:
a. can order driver and passenger(s) out of the car, but not frisk them.
b. cannot order driver or passenger(s) out of the car or frisk them.
c. can order driver and passenger(s) out of the car and frisk them.
d. can order driver and passenger(s) out of the car; can frisk driver, but not passengers.
Q:
Membership in which of the following is based on state populations?a. Senate b. House of Representativesc. State Judiciary d. Constitutional Convention
Q:
A warrantless arrest that begins in a public place is valid:
a. only with good faith.
b. only with reasonable suspicion.
c. only if the officer witnesses the flight.
d. if probable cause exists, even if the arrestee retreats to a private place.
Q:
According to the text, pluralism challenged the colonists to:
a. strive to maintain their original culture.
b. exercise tolerance and respect for the opinions, customs, traditions and lifestyles of others.
c. band together in self-defense.
d. combine English and Roman common law with Native American customary law.
Q:
The famous supremacy clause, declaring the "Supreme Law of the Land," is contained in:
a. the Declaration of Independence.
b. the First Amendment to the Bill of Rights.
c. Article 6 of the Constitution itself.
d. the Great Compromise.
Q:
In which of the following scenarios would an officer not be able to make a lawful, warrantless arrest?
a. An officer smells marijuana emanating from the vehicle he just stopped.
b. An officer hears an assault taking place.
c. An officer witnesses a petty larceny.
d. An officer hears a kid talking about the compact disc player he shoplifted last week.
Q:
The necessary and proper clause, establishing the authority of the federal government to address national issues, was addressed by the Supreme Court in:a. Marbury v. Madison b. McCulloch v. Marylandc. Gibbons v. Ogden d. Adams v. Hamilton
Q:
The Articles of Confederation formally pledged the states to:a. a unified tax structure. b. a perpetual union.c. the formation of the Confederate Army. d. maintain a centralized government.
Q:
Which of the following does not have complete immunity from arrest?
a. Families of foreign diplomats
b. Servants of foreign diplomats
c. State legislators
d. Foreign diplomats
Q:
The use of a Taser might be considered unreasonable, excessive force if the subject is:
a. verbally abusive.
b. a flight risk.
c. an immediate threat.
d. a dangerous felon.
Q:
The branch of government is authorized to declare war is the:a. executive branch b. legislative branchc. judicial branch d. military branch
Q:
What serious omission occurred in the Bill of Rights?
a. it failed to provide recourse for violations by the federal government.
b. it failed to ensure state sovereignty.
c. it failed to abolish slavery.
d. it failed to provide the right to privacy.
Q:
A study by Police One magazine found that the most commonly used less-than-lethal weapon is:
a. a baton.
b. OC spray.
c. the Taser
d. the bean bag round.
Q:
The Constitution and Bill of Rights are housed at:a. the Smithsonian museum. b. the National Archives.c. the White House. d. the Supreme Court Building.
Q:
The police may not make a nonconsensual warrantless arrest inside a person's home or arrest a guest within that home without:
a. reasonable suspicion.
b. information that meets the two-pronged test for reliability.
c. justification under the community caretaker exception.
d. exigent circumstances.
Q:
Balancing the rights of the states and individual citizens against the power of the central government was the purpose of the:a. Bill of Rights b. Articles of Confederationc. first three Articles of the Constitution d. Great Charter
Q:
Which of the following is not one of the five legitimate uses of force ("Rules of Engagement")?
a. effectuate an arrest
b. prevent escape
c. overcome resistance
d. overcome objections
Q:
American law is:
a. entirely original, having no roots in any previous legal system.
b. designed to resist changes.
c. influenced by the laws of the societies that helped found America.
d. based solely on the Napoleonic Code.
Q:
The first written agreement among the colonies to stand together in resistance to Great Britain was:
a. a result of the First Continental Congress.
b. a result of the Second Continental Congress.
c. known as The Federalist Papers.
d. the Mayflower Compact.
Q:
The Supreme Court held that officers who were in hot pursuit of an armed robbery suspect acted reasonably when they entered the house and began to search for the man because "the Fourth Amendment does not require police officers to delay in the course of an investigation if to do so would gravely endanger their lives or the lives of others" in:
a. Payton v. New York
b. Warden v. Hayden
c. United States v. Watson
d. Tennessee v. Garner
Q:
Usually, officers cannot make a lawful arrest:
a. for any crime committed in their presence.
b. for any felony if they have probable cause.
c. with an arrest warrant.
d. for a misdemeanor committed outside their presence.
Q:
The Magna Carta was an important prelude to the U.S. Constitution because it. :
a. guaranteed due process and limited government power.
b. provided the inspiration for the Great Compromise.
c. was based upon the separation of powers between branches of government.
d. ensured that there would be no monarchy in the United States.
Q:
The Second Continental Congress resulted in all of the following, except:
a. the naming of George Washington as Commander of the Continental Army.
b. the battles at Lexington and Concord.
c. instructing each colony to assume the powers of independent states.
d. the signing of the Declaration of Independence.
Q:
Searches at international borders:
a. must be based on reasonable suspicion.
b. must be based on probable cause.
c. may be conducted without probable cause or a warrant.
d. must be conducted randomly.
Q:
The primary reason some states were reluctant to accept the Constitution was:
a. It failed to establish a balance of power.
b. It failed to abolish slavery.
c. It did not contain a bill of rights.
d. It did not allow smaller states adequate representation in the national government.
Q:
Which of the following is not considered when determining if the length of an investigative stop was reasonable?
a. the purpose of the stop
b. whether force was used to stop and detain the suspect
c. the reasonableness of the time used to investigate
d. the reasonableness of the means of investigation
Q:
The second paragraph of the Declaration of Independence stated that a government's right to rule is based upon:
a. the obligation of the wealthy to provide for those less fortunate.
b. permission from the people who are governed.
c. the need for a strong centralized government on American soil.
d. the Magna Carta's guarantee that rulers shall not place themselves above the law.
Q:
All of the following delineate the point at which an arrest has actually occurred, except:
a. intending to take the person into custody.
b. exercising the authority to do so.
c. detaining or restraining the person to be arrested.
d. informing the arrestee of their rights.
Q:
The "fleeing felon" rule that allowed police officers to shoot any felon attempting an escape was invalidated by the Supreme Court's ruling in:
a. Dunaway v. New York (1979).
b. Brown v. Texas (1979).
c. Tennessee v. Garner (1985).
d. State v. MacKenzie (1965).
Q:
The Magna Carta was created:
a. to ensure that states maintained power apart from the national government.
b. to outline colonists' complaints against the British crown.
c. in England to guarantee that the king could not put himself above the law.
d. by British Parliament in protest of the U.S. Declaration of Independence.
Q:
Which of the following, by itself, can be used as reasonable suspicion to conduct a stop?
a. anonymous tip
b. flight from police
c. general suspicion
d. existence of a wanted poster
Q:
Formal ties between Great Britain and the United States were severed:
a. when the American Declaration of Independence was signed.
b. when the colonists boarded British ships and threw tea overboard.
c. through the drafting of the Magna Carta.
d. at the meeting of the First Continental Congress.
Q:
Describe two exceptions to the exclusionary rule.
Q:
Discuss the exclusionary rule.
Q:
Explain the law of stop and frisk and why it is needed.
Q:
Explain informational and observational probable cause.
Q:
Explain reasonable suspicion.
Q:
The exception to the exclusionary rule referring to instances in which the preponderance of evidence suggests the defendant's guilt and that the illegal evidence is not critical to proving the case is known as ____________.
Q:
Evidence seized in violation of a person's constitutional rights is prevented from being admitted into court by the ____________.
Q:
The law of _____________was established in the landmark case of Terry v. Ohio.
Q:
A ________ is a brief detention of a person based on specific and articulable facts for the purpose of investigating suspicious activity.
Q:
Officers wanting to make an unannounced entrance to execute a warrant may request a ____________ warrant.
Q:
Issuing magistrates must be ___________ and detached.
Q:
The Constitution does not provide an absolute right to be free from government intrusion, only _____________________.
Q:
The Fourth Amendment also requires that any search or arrest warrant be based on ____________ .
Q:
A ________ is a limited pat down search for weapons for the protection of the government agent and others.
Q:
The Fourth Amendment forbids ______________ searches and seizures.
Q:
A private store detective can search a shopper without first obtaining a warrant.
Q:
Airline employees inspecting luggage are not governed by the Fourth Amendment.
Q:
Reasonable, articulable suspicion is the key determinant of whether a judge will grant officers a warrant to search or arrest.
Q:
Probable cause can be established after a search or arrest is made.
Q:
Any intrusion on a person's freedom, including stop-and-frisk situations, involves Fourth Amendment protections.
Q:
The Miranda warning must be given during any stop.