Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Law
Q:
Civil law involves wrongs against the general welfare as formulated in specific criminal statutes.
Q:
Compare, from a corporate social responsibility point of view, the corporate policies of Walmart and Costco.
Q:
A reliable legal system is crucial in fostering and maintaining capitalism.
Q:
Statutes are the supreme expressions of law at both the federal and state levels of government.
Q:
The U.S. law is derived from three primary sources: constitutions, statutes, and regulations.
Q:
Explain how globalization has brought new challenges, particularly for the wealthy, powerful Western garment manufacturers who profit from cheap labor in less developed countries.
Q:
The power of the business community has become so encompassing that virtually all dimensions of American life have absorbed elements of the business ethic. Explain.
Q:
Give a brief account of the corporate social responsibility practice in the American way of life.
Q:
Why is there a growing need to move beyond corporate social responsibility (CSR) to a business model labeled creating shared value (CSV)?
Q:
Briefly explain the social responsibility continuum for businesses in America.
Q:
Briefly explain the basic premise of the Social Responsibility Pyramid developed by Professor A. Carroll.
Q:
Discuss political action committees (PACs) in the context of corporations.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of the triple bottom-line approach?
A. The only responsible and moral course of behavior is to reap the highest return possible, within the law.
B. Financial success is necessary, but social and environmental responsibilities are of equal importance, and corporations paying attention to those social and economic duties will contribute to both organizational and societal sustainability.
C. The goal of business is to ensure the short-term viability of an organizations plans as organizational priorities change with time.
D. Businesses have only one social responsibilityto use their resources and engage in activities designed to increase their profits, so long as they stay within the rules of the game, which is to say, engage in open and free competition, without deception or fraud.
Q:
Digi V, an electronics company, focuses on striking a balance between its profits and its responsibility toward the environment. It uses biodegradable substances to manufacture its products and has over the years attracted many loyal customers who are concerned about the environment. The strategy used by Digi V is an example of the:
A. profit maximization approach.
B. monopolistic approach.
C. triple bottom-line approach.
D. shareholder approach.
Q:
Which of the following best defines the stakeholders of a corporation?
A. All those who stand to gain from the corporations success
B. All those who have invested financially in the corporations activities
C. All the groups that may significantly affect the corporations performance or be affected by it
D. All those whose livelihood depends directly on the corporation itself
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of a company that adopts the stakeholder approach?
A. For a company adopting the stakeholder approach, shareholders are the only stakeholders.
B. For a company adopting the stakeholder approach, profit depends on the interplay between the corporation, government, and society.
C. For a company adopting the stakeholder approach, profit maximization and earning short-term profits are the primary goals.
D. For a company adopting the stakeholder approach, the only concern is to fulfill the categories of economic and legal responsibilities of Carrolls Social Responsibility Pyramid.
Q:
Which of the following is the first global standard which measures companies social and environmental records?
A. The North American Free Trade Agreement
B. The Social Accountability 8000
C. The International Organization of Standardization 9000
D. The Environmental Auditing Standards
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of Carrolls Social Responsibility Pyramid?
A. A companys primary responsibility involves engagement in philanthropic endeavors.
B. A firm's economic responsibilities should be limited to breaking even, and all profit should be invested in the community.
C. A companys social responsibility begins with making a profit lawfully.
D. A socially responsible firm would focus primarily on its discretionary and ethical responsibilities and would minimize its focus on economic gain.
Q:
An organization that contributes resources to the community and strives to improve the quality of life for the community is most likely fulfilling the discretionary _____ of Carrolls Social Responsibility Pyramid.
A. ethical responsibilities
B. legal responsibilities
C. philanthropic responsibilities
D. economic responsibilities
Q:
From a profit maximization point of view, the only responsible and moral course of behavior is to:
A. create shared value.
B. use a portion of profits for social benefits.
C. reap the highest return possible.
D. maximize the interests of all stakeholders and not only the shareholders.
Q:
A firm that adopts the triple bottom-line approach:
A. does not follow market principles in its business processes.
B. believes there is only one social responsibility of businessto use its resources to engage in activities designed to increase its profits.
C. focuses on the legal and economic responsibilities of Carrolls Social Responsibility Pyramid and does not consider discretionary responsibilities.
D. considers its social and environmental responsibilities as important as its financial responsibilities.
Q:
According to the free market view, which of the following is considered the best measure of social responsibility?
A. Profit maximization
B. Long-term company interest
C. Triple bottom line/sustainability
D. Social and environmental performance
Q:
Which of the following falls under the desired category of Carrolls Social Responsibility Pyramid?
A. Philanthropic responsibilities
B. Economic responsibilities
C. Legal responsibilities
D. Ethical responsibilities
Q:
Which of the following is a view professed by Nobel prizewinning economist Milton Friedman?
A. Socially responsible behavior, within reasonable bounds, is simply the right thing to do.
B. A strong bottom line, in many cases, requires considerations beyond the immediate, short-run, profit-maximizing interests of a firm.
C. Any dilution of the profit-maximizing modesuch as charitable contributionsis a misuse of the stockholders resources.
D. In the environmental domain, sustainability will require attention to energy efficiency, waste minimization, recycling, and the total ecological agenda.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of shared value advocates?
A. They believe that an entrepreneurial, profit-seeking, and capitalist approach is the most beneficial way to correct social problems.
B. They expect businesses to recognize that their goal must be creating shared value rather than profit per se.
C. They believe that nonprofit organizations are the most powerful institutions for creating shared value among the members of the society.
D. They expect businesses to focus on maximization of profit and to propagate the shared values of the immediate shareholders.
Q:
Which of the following falls under the expected category of Carrolls Social Responsibility Pyramid?
A. Philanthropic responsibilities
B. Economic responsibilities
C. Legal responsibilities
D. Ethical responsibilities
Q:
Which of the following statements is true about advertising in schools?
A. It is likely to discourage critical thinking.
B. It is likely to discourage materialism.
C. It is likely to celebrate reliable values.
D. It is likely to advocate criminal behavior.
Q:
Which of the following best describes the historical view of business responsibilities till the first half of the twentieth century?
A. Businesses had to assume the affirmative duty of the resolution of social problems.
B. Businesses were expected to give close accounting attention to their social and environmental performance as well as financial performance.
C. The duty of businesses was the production and distribution of the best products and services at the lowest possible prices.
D. The primary duty of businesses was operation with a focus on environmentally sensitive practices to husband scarce resources.
Q:
Which of the following is an argument put forth by the liberal wing of the Supreme Court in the Citizens United case?
A. Treating corporations as people in case of political contributions would allow these organizations to further corrupt the political processes.
B. Limiting corporate campaign contributions would violate corporate free speech rights.
C. The growing influence of the business community would saturate and dominate all corners of American life.
D. By outsourcing of good, high-paid factory jobs from the United States, corporations are fundamentally challenging and changing life in the home country.
Q:
The 501(c)4 groups are particularly attractive because:
A. contributors names need not be disclosed.
B. the names of Super PAC donors need not be disclosed.
C. these organizations cannot make political contributions in support of their goals.
D. contributions collected by these groups do not have to be spent on political advertising.
Q:
Free markets are more efficient decision makers than government rules. Which of the following is a result of the efficient decisions made by free markets?
A. National boundaries are becoming stronger.
B. Technology is shrinking the globe.
C. Financial assets have stopped flowing freely.
D. The standards of living of less developed countries have decreased.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of large American corporations?
A. Large corporations have served public interest well.
B. The colossal size of corporations permits continuing abuse of the American public.
C. Large corporations have ceased to be the fixture of American landscape.
D. The colossal size of corporations has helped in bringing down the existing cutthroat competition.
Q:
According to critics, which of the following is the impact of an economic structure that is concentrated?
A. Companies and industries are no longer fully responsive to market commands.
B. The government has been able to regulate powerful companies without much trouble.
C. Concentrated structure has helped in increasing meaningful competitiveness in the American market.
D. There has been a significant decrease in complaints about the corporate role in pollution.
Q:
Which of the following is a highly controversial 54 ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court in the 2010 Citizens United case?
A. It allowed corporations to coordinate organizational fund spending with parties or candidates.
B. It held that limiting organizational funds for candidates standing for elections is unlawful.
C. It allowed corporations to lawfully donate corporate funds to parties.
D. It held that limiting corporate campaign contributions violated corporate free speech rights.
Q:
Which of the following is an impact of the Supreme Courts highly controversial 54 ruling in the 2010 Citizens United case?
A. The decision has restricted corporations and labor unions from spending unlimited organizational funds for candidates.
B. The decision has permitted corporations and labor unions to coordinate organizational fund spending with parties or candidates.
C. The decision has recognized political spending as a direct acceptance of liberty guaranteed by the First Amendment.
D. The decision has opened the door to gushers of personal and corporate money funneled through Independent Expenditure political action committees.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of political action committees (PACs)?
A. PACs can only contribute to national elections, and not state elections.
B. Corporations cannot solicit contributions from employees and shareholders.
C. The money disbursed by PACs is part of the general corporate accounts.
D. PACs are only supposed to collect voluntary contributions.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of corporate funds?
A. Although political action committees contributions are voluntary, corporate employees often feel pressured to participate.
B. Corporations cannot solicit contributions from employees, shareholders, and others.
C. Corporations cannot lawfully establish political action committees to solicit and disburse voluntary campaign contributions.
D. Corporate funds can lawfully be given directly to candidates for federal office.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of lobbying in the United States?
A. It is illegal for lobbyists to approach politicians.
B. It is confined to the business community.
C. It has a negligible effect on political decisions.
D. It is an essential ingredient in big business strategy.
Q:
Social Accountability Accreditation Services accredits companies that meet the Social Accountability 8000 standards in the area of child labor.
Q:
According to stakeholder advocates, simply maximizing the interests of the primary stakeholders of a corporation, would satisfy a corporations social duties.
Q:
An alternative and arguably more progressive approach to stakeholders involves a collaborative strategy in which stakeholder relationships are regarded as being mutually defined, cooperative, and reciprocal.
Q:
Which of the following is likely to be a result if the corporate community takes an increasingly direct role in the political process?
A. The process of globalization will be adversely affected.
B. The law-making and implementing process will be strengthened.
C. The pluralist, democratic approach to governance will be undermined.
D. The corruption levels will decrease.
Q:
Triple bottom-line advocates call for managerial practices that respect and measure a firm's social and environmental performance just as the firms financial performance is respected and measured.
Q:
The primary goal of the triple bottom-line approach is to ensure the maximum short-term viability of an organization.
Q:
The perception of business misdeeds or indifference, in conjunction with the growing influence of business values throughout American life, has led in recent decades to the development of the doctrine of corporate social responsibility.
Q:
Social enterprise is a movement in which people launch for profits programs, addressing social problems.
Q:
According to Milton Friedman, the firm that maximizes its profits is not necessarily maximizing its contribution to the society.
Q:
Pushing managers to adopt a bigger and broader conception of social responsibility will reduce the chances of establishing a sustainable, enduring global community where resources are not dangerously depleted or damaged.
Q:
Labor unions can lawfully establish political action committees to solicit and disburse voluntary campaign contributions.
Q:
Corporate funds can lawfully be given directly to candidates for federal office.
Q:
The Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007 was part of the most comprehensive lobbying and ethics reform effort in the federal government in many years.
Q:
The outsourcing of good, high-paid factory jobs from the United States to less developed nations has fundamentally challenged and changed life in the country.
Q:
Churches are strictly against employing standard business practices such as advertising, promotional giveaways, and marketing campaigns.
Q:
Business has enjoyed a central and favored role in American life, and as such, it must assume a measure of the burden for the welfare of the total society.
Q:
Business was largely exempt from any affirmative duty for the resolution of social problems until the 1950s when business scholars and critics began to encourage a broader conception of corporate duty.
Q:
Explain in brief the federal sentencing guidelines issued by the U.S. Sentencing Commission.
Q:
What is a major criticism of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act?
Q:
The business community in America cannot influence the electoral and law-making processes.
Q:
Describe some of the factors that encourage unethical behavior in the workplace.
Q:
Identify the major provisions of the 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Q:
Differentiate between teleology and deontology. Give an example of each.
Q:
Explain in detail the alternative theory of morality that involves decision making by emotion or intuition.
Q:
Explain the basis of Carol Gilligans criticism on Kohlbergs views on moral development.
Q:
Wright Corp., an American firm, is establishing an office in Africa with Mary as the manager. After two months of endless efforts, Mary is informed that in order to get utilities for its African branch, she must give some money to the government-based electric company agent as an encouragement, just as all the other businesses have done. Under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, which of the following statements about the payment is true?
A. The payment is illegal since it is a bribe to a foreign government official.
B. The payment is legal as long as all other businesses do the same thing.
C. The payment is legal since that is the only way she can get utilities.
D. The payment is legal since it is merely grease money to expedite routine action.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act?
A. It requires all publicly traded companies to voluntarily develop ethics codes.
B. It ordinarily permits a small gift or token of esteem or gratitude.
C. It establishes an independent board to oversee the accounting profession.
D. It defines a code of ethics as written standards that are reasonably designed to deter wrongdoing.
Q:
Which of the following is a risk associated with the outcome of whistle blowing?
A. Poor legal protection
B. Instigation of benchmarking
C. Liquidation of the companys assets
D. Fear of retribution
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of the False Claims Act?
A. It creates new crimes and raises penalties to as much as 25 years of imprisonment along with heavy fines.
B. It forbids fraud in government contracts and rewards those who help stop fraud.
C. It requires publicly traded companies to establish internal control systems designed to assure the accuracy of financial information.
D. It requires publicly traded companies to disclose whether they have adopted an ethics code for senior financial management, and if not, why they have not done so.
Q:
Which among the following acts expressly forbids discharge, demotion, and other forms of retribution against securities law whistle-blowers?
A. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act
B. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
C. The Trust Indenture Act
D. The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act
Q:
Which of the following is a decisive argument in the criticism put forth by Carol Gilligan against Kohlbergs proposition on moral development?
A. Kohlbergs initial experimental subjects were limited to young females.
B. Conceptions on morality are substantially based on gender.
C. Moral judgment evolves primarily as a function of age.
D. Moral judgment improves as a function of education.
Q:
Of the six universal stages of moral development identified by Kohlberg, which of the following traits is a manager most likely to display if he were at stage three of the conventional level?
A. Obey rules to avoid punishment.
B. Conform to secure rewards.
C. Adhere to stereotypical images.
D. Follow rules only if it is in his or her own interest.
Q:
Which of the following is a commonly shared perspective on moral decision making by both Kohlberg and Gilligan?
A. Moral decision making may be the product of a dual process system employing both automatic emotions and controlled reasoning.
B. Moral decision making is an automatic, nonreflective process.
C. Moral decision making is the controlled product of analysis, deliberation, and experience.
D. Moral decision making is a result of rapid judgments about right and wrong based on unconscious processes that are involuntary and universal.
Q:
In the context of corporate or white-collar crime, which of the following statements is true of sentencing?
A. Companies involved in crimes do not receive reduced penalties even if they have effective compliance programs in place.
B. Federal sentencing guidelines are issued by the Uniform Commercial Code.
C. Departures from federal sentencing guidelines are not permissible for any form of cases.
D. Responsibility for compliance rests explicitly with the board of directors and top-level executives.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act?
A. It establishes an independent board to oversee the accounting profession.
B. It establishes a universal, formalist rule forbidding layoffs of all competent employees.
C. It was enacted to reward those who help stop fraud involving government contracts.
D. It was enacted in response to disclosure of widespread bribery by American firms.
Q:
Identify the correct statement regarding Immanuel Kants categorical imperative.
A. It believes that standards of conduct can be objectively discovered.
B. It states that ones goal is to identify the consequences of a particular act to determine whether it is right or wrong.
C. It is based on the idea that a decision that maximizes the ratio of good over evil for all those concerned is the ethical course.
D. It is the notion that every person should act on only those principles that he, as a rational person, would prescribe as universal laws to be applied to the whole of humankind.
Q:
Jenny is the CEO of a company that has been affected by an economic meltdown. She realizes that the only way for her company to remain in business during the period of recession is to cut costs drastically. She believes it would be better if all employees took a 10 percent pay cut instead of laying off 10 percent of the workers. She feels this is the correct decision as it would benefit the company and all the employees. Her approach is primarily influenced by the _____ ethical system.
A. rule-utilitarian
B. libertarian
C. deontological
D. formalist
Q:
Which of the following is identified as the postconventional level of the six universal stages of moral development?
A. Conforming to meet the expectations of others
B. Doing right, obeying the law, and upholding social order
C. Following self-chosen universal ethical principles
D. Following rules only if it is in your own self-interest but letting others do the same
Q:
Which of the following universal stages is grouped under the conventional level?
A. Adhering to stereotypical images
B. Obeying rules to avoid punishment
C. Following self-chosen universal ethical principles
D. Conforming to secure rewards
Q:
Which of the following statements symbolizes the idea of a feminine voice in view of morality?
A. Women give high priority to rights when making a decision.
B. Women approach morality as a function of justice and impartiality.
C. Women consider relationships and the needs of others.
D. Women give the highest priority to their own self-interests while making decisions.
Q:
If Kohlberg was correct, a consequence of adults not passing beyond level 2, that is, following rules only if it is in their own interest but letting others do the same and conforming to secure rewards, of the six universal stages is that:
A. managers may behave unethically since they havent achieved moral maturity.
B. an individual is able to reach independent moral judgments that may or may not conform with conventional societal wisdom.
C. a managers decision would be based on independently defined universal principles of justice.
D. an individual may take an impersonal view on morality as against a voice that rises from relationships and concern for the needs of others.
Q:
Teleological ethical systems are often referred to as _____.
A. formalist ethical systems
B. existentialist ethical systems
C. deontologist ethical systems
D. consequentialist ethical systems