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Q:
A father may be morally committed to saving his son from a burning building rather than saving another person who might do more total good for society. The action of the father would be primarily dictated by the _____ ethical system.
A. teleological
B. deontological
C. utilitarian
D. consequentialist
Q:
The principle that is most likely to be followed by a utilitarian is:
A. the vision of ethics measured by the rightness of rules.
B. that what is right for one is right for all.
C. the greatest good for the greatest number.
D. that moral worth springs from ones decision to discharge ones duty.
Q:
Which of the following statements describes the formalistic view of ethics?
A. A decision that maximizes the ratio of good over evil for all those concerned is the ethical course.
B. The rightness of an act depends little on the results of the act.
C. The moral person renders ethical decisions based on the consequences of the decision.
D. The moral person may be forced to shun a particular act that would result in greater immediate good.
Q:
A(n) _____ believes principle is primary and consequence is secondary or even irrelevant.
A. deontologist
B. situationalist
C. teleologist
D. existentialist
Q:
A(n) _____ believes that good must be weighed against evil in reaching an ethical decision.
A. deontologist
B. libertarian
C. utilitarian
D. existentialist
Q:
Which of the following ethical theories takes essentially a free market view of ethics?
A. Moral absolutism
B. Deontology
C. Virtue ethics
D. Libertarianism
Q:
Virtue ethics focuses on the classic notion that the key to good ethics lies in a persons _____.
A. character
B. responsibilities
C. rights
D. rules
Q:
Which of the following provides the foundation for a moral life built on religion?
A. Intuition
B. Reason
C. Faith
D. Secular knowledge
Q:
Which of the following is involved in a teleological view of life?
A. Obligations
B. Principles
C. Duties
D. Ends
Q:
A(n) _____ ethical system emphasizes the consequences of an act.
A. deontological
B. teleological
C. existential
D. libertarian
Q:
In the context of federal sentencing guidelines for corporate or white-collar crime, companies involved in crimes do not receive reduced penalties even if they have effective compliance programs in place.
Q:
In all nations, the payment of bribes is considered as an unlawful way of doing business.
Q:
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) requires rigorous internal accounting controls and careful recordkeeping to ensure that bribes cannot be concealed via slush funds and other devices.
Q:
Among its major provisions, the False Claims Act raises penalties for whistle-blowers to as much as 25 years imprisonment along with heavy fines.
Q:
Whistle-blowing appears to be on the rise following the passage of the 2010 Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.
Q:
Which of the following indicates an existentialists belief?
A. An existentialist believes standards of conduct can be objectively discovered.
B. An existentialist believes in strengthening Christian principles in the society.
C. An existentialist believes no actions are inherently right or wrong.
D. An existentialist believes conduct can be rationally justified.
Q:
A danger in the ethic of care is that it might be interpreted to restore and legitimize the stereotype of women as care giving subordinates not deserving of moral autonomy.
Q:
Moral identity involves the degree to which moral concerns are central to our sense of self.
Q:
Organizational culture does not influence corporate misconduct.
Q:
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act forbids corporate executives to personally certify the accuracy of their financial reports.
Q:
Federal sentencing guidelines, issued by the U.S. Sentencing Commission, provide ranges within which judges are advised to impose sentences.
Q:
The emotion or intuition approach claims that moral decision making is an automatic, nonreflective process in which our minds, when confronted with a moral question, instantaneously generate feelings of approval or disapproval.
Q:
According to act-utilitarianism, our goal is to identify the consequences of a particular act to determine whether it is right or wrong.
Q:
Formalism requires us to follow those rules that generate the greatest value for society.
Q:
Explain Robert Putnams view on the impact of declining community and growing gap in opportunities among socioeconomic classes of American children.
Q:
In the context of libertarianism, justice and fairness, right and wrong are measured not by equality of results for all but from ensuring equal opportunity for all to engage in informed choices about their own welfare.
Q:
Virtue ethics applauds the person who is motivated to do the right thing and who cultivates that motivation in daily conduct.
Q:
To the deontologist, the end is primary and that end or result is the measure of the ethical quality of a decision or act.
Q:
Kant believed that every rational creature can act according to his or her categorical imperative because all such persons have autonomous, self-legislating wills that permit them to formulate and act on their own systems of rules.
Q:
A moral rule is categorical rather than hypothetical in that its prescriptive force is independent of its consequences.
Q:
Maximizing right rather than good is the teleological standard.
Q:
Describe the chief characteristics of socialists.
Q:
Describe the effects of globalization.
Q:
Explain how Swedens economic health improved due to its adoption of a policy of comparatively low total corporate tax.
Q:
Define privatization, providing examples.
Q:
Describe the major criticisms or concerns about the privatization of toll roads.
Q:
Elaborate on the changing labor market trend and the problems faced by China.
Q:
How do privatization supporters envision major changes to daily life?
A. By promising economic justice for all
B. By promoting religiosity and building peace
C. By citing free market efficiency and personal freedom while challenging moral conventions
D. By encouraging economic cooperation and varying degrees of centralized control
Q:
Which of the following statements about the economic and political issues of China is true?
A. The per capita gross domestic product of China is the highest in the world.
B. Chinas free market liberalization policies of recent years have paced faster, making entry to the Chinese market and competition with Chinese companies very easy.
C. Chinas gap between rich and poor is estimated to be the worlds largest.
D. Interest in Buddhism has re-emerged after being suppressed during the anti-intellectual Cultural Revolution of 1966-76.
Q:
In the context of state capitalism, explain why government is the dominant economic force.
A. The government intervenes in and shapes the market to further the states political goals.
B. The intensity of income disparity between the rich and the poor is relatively low.
C. State capitalism favors business to create wealth and government to regulate as needed.
D. State capitalism fails to blend a shrinking system of state-owned enterprise with the power of the free market.
Q:
According to Robert Putnam, which of the following is true of the growing gap in opportunities among socioeconomic classes of American children?
A. Young products of affluent America have withdrawn or never undertaken community engagement.
B. Today, participation in extracurricular activities has risen sharply for less well-off while falling sharply for affluent children.
C. Today, the more comfortable class of children receive about one hour per day more time with their parents than less advantaged children.
D. Less affluent young whites have steadily deepened their community engagements.
Q:
Elaborate on the events that led to a grassroots global protest movement labeled Occupy Wall Street.
Q:
Which of the following is true of the criticisms of Robert Putnams thesis?
A. Robert Putnam was criticized for focusing too much on older activities such as social clubs.
B. Robert Putnam was criticized for focusing too much on emerging interests such as Internet groups.
C. Robert Putnam was criticized for his belief that the necessary categories of government were only three in number: the police, the armed services, and the law courts.
D. Robert Putnam was criticized for his belief that state capitalism as practiced in Russia can succeed in the face of political repression, routine corruption, and abuse of the rule of law.
Q:
Identify the result of a growing gap in opportunities among socioeconomic classes of American children.
A. Children of the well-off express increasing trust in those around them.
B. Participation in extracurricular activities has fallen sharply for affluent children.
C. Young products of affluent America have withdrawn or never undertaken community engagement.
D. Overall community engagement gap between whites and blacks is narrow.
Q:
Which of the following involves making a service more expensive at times of peak demand in order to curb that demand?
A. Median pricing
B. Clearance pricing
C. Predatory pricing
D. Congestion pricing
Q:
Identify a reason why some parents and school boards have adopted a free market fix.
A. Parents and school boards are convinced that replacing merit-based admission with an auction allowing space to the highest bidders is the only way to raise the academic profile of an educational institution.
B. Parents and school boards hope that competition will push all schools to higher achievement levels.
C. Studies reveal that achievement growth rates were twice as high in districts with a free market fix than in standard public schools.
D. Studies carried out in other countries reveal that market-based approaches such as open enrollment and charter schools work better than direct payment to students of $100 to $500 per year for improved performance.
Q:
In the context of toll roads, parking meters, and congestion pricing, which of the following is true of privatization?
A. Privatization brings secure working conditions, increased services, and increased responsiveness to customers.
B. Some struggling governments see privatization as a solution for financial distress.
C. Growing government revenue problems suggest that privatization of transportation will cease to exist.
D. Privatization often brings increased costs and higher customer dissatisfaction.
Q:
What efforts have been made by Sweden to keep its economy healthy?
A. It has taken an aggressive cowboy capitalism approach.
B. It has followed a policy of comparatively low corporate taxes.
C. It has permitted the sale or lease of public assets to private parties.
D. It has attracted billions in private sector investment to take over a few dozen state-controlled companies.
Q:
Which of the following is most likely to be a result of a country maintaining its core welfare commitment in combination with an entrepreneurial spirit?
A. An economy of relatively low unemployment, low inflation, and high GDP growth
B. An economy that is impoverished and filled with inequality
C. An economy encompassing poverty, oppression, and the rich-poor gap
D. An economy that has only state-dominated companies with high employment due to the encouragement of welfare over work
Q:
In terms of markets and governments, the United States:
A. has more faith in government planning.
B. has placed less faith in the market.
C. chose a capitalist, democratic approach to life.
D. reflects a preference for greater central authority.
Q:
In the context of economic systems, the Third Way refers to _____.
A. totalitarianism
B. market socialism
C. capitalism
D. communism
Q:
Which of the following countries followed the Third Way between the harsher extremes of capitalism and communism?
A. Sweden
B. U.S.A
C. China
D. Russia
Q:
The pure free market approach assumes that:
A. less faith should be placed in the market and more in government planning.
B. legal systems in all countries should reflect a preference for greater central authority.
C. centralized authority will result in a free government and economy free of corruption.
D. business structures and societies can be operated at large free of all but foundational legal mechanisms.
Q:
Identify the correct statement regarding socialists.
A. They aim to retain the benefits of industrialism while abolishing the social costs often accompanying the free market.
B. They reserve much of their concern for the condition of the middle and higher classes.
C. They reject the need for aggressive government intervention to correct economic and social ills.
D. They embrace communist totalitarianism and reject democracy.
Q:
Which of the following statements about socialists is true?
A. Socialists feel that the economy must be directed toward the welfare of the successful capitalists.
B. Socialists reserve much of their concern for the condition of the higher class.
C. The harshness of working life is not objected by socialists.
D. Class distinctions are anathema to socialists.
Q:
Which of the following statements corresponds to Karl Marxs beliefs?
A. The mode of production in material life determines the general character of the social, political, and spiritual processes of life.
B. Unrestrained capitalism would do the society good.
C. The pursuit of wealth and self-interest by individuals will continuously build the societys moral core.
D. Competition and unrestrained pursuit of industrial growth is essential for the welfare of the capitalists.
Q:
Which of the following is true of Robert Putnams observations on social capital?
A. Putnam observed that the practice of free market principles is essential for a moral life.
B. Putnam observed that a sharp rise was seen in league bowling from 1980 to 2000, although the number of bowlers decreased by about 10 percent.
C. Putnam observed that virtually every measure of social interaction fell significantly from roughly 1975 to 2000.
D. Putnam observed that only three categories of government were necessary: the police, the armed services, and the law courts.
Q:
Identify the underlying reason why socialists advocate income supports, free education, free health care, generous sick pay, and family planning.
A. Socialists believe that the economy must be directed toward the general interest rather than left free to multiply the welfare of successful capitalists.
B. Socialists seek an excessively individualistic approach to life where the communitarian approach of capitalism is muted by a concern for the welfare of all.
C. Socialists believe that communism harshly restrains individual freedom and creates a society based on unrestrained pursuit of industrial growth.
D. Socialists seek to embrace totalitarianism while calling for aggressive government intervention.
Q:
Which of the following views was advocated by Ayn Rand, the philosopher and novelist?
A. The necessary categories of government were only three in number: the police, the armed services, and the law courts.
B. The practice of free market principles is not needed for a rational, moral life.
C. The mode of production in material life determines the general character of the social, political, and spiritual processes of life.
D. The theory of market fundamentalism is a greater threat to open society today than communism.
Q:
The proper balance between _____ remains the central public policy debate in American life.
A. open markets and government intervention
B. personal freedom and private property rights
C. natural resources and personal ambition
D. intellectual freedom and social order
Q:
____ in countries such as Russia, China, and Saudi Arabia employs the market to build wealth, which, in turn, is controlled and distributed by the state for its political purposes.
A. Regional socialism
B. Democratic capitalism
C. State capitalism
D. Religious socialism
Q:
Which of the following countries follows a communist form of government?
A. The United States
B. Australia
C. China
D. The United Kingdom
Q:
_____ was particularly concerned about the growing imbalance between rich and poor and felt that the pursuit of wealth and self-interest would erode societys moral core.
A. Ayn Rand
B. Bo Xilai
C. Karl Marx
D. Anatole Kaletsky
Q:
Socialism has been associated with _____.
A. self-interest and strong pursuit of individual wealth
B. democratic governments and peaceful change
C. totalitarianism and violent revolution
D. economic individualism
Q:
Chinas reliance on cheap labor to drive its economy still remains unchallenged as other nations are unable to undercut the Chinese advantage.
Q:
Extravagant wealth, side-by-side with punishing poverty, is perhaps the greatest disappointment and injustice, from the critics point of view, in the global advance of capitalist principles.
Q:
In the context of capitalism in America, which of the following most likely led the government to curb the power of big business?
A. Poor foundation of personal freedom
B. Lack of private property rights
C. Emergence of monopolistic abuse
D. Lack of natural resources
Q:
_____ in the United States, Japan, Denmark, and other nations favors business to create wealth and government to regulate as needed.
A. Democratic capitalism
B. State capitalism
C. Religious socialism
D. Regional socialism
Q:
Taking the privatization movement a step further, state and local governments are selling or leasing existing roads to private companies.
Q:
Capitalists consider class distinctions unjust.
Q:
Communists are convinced that problems of market failure mean that the free market is simply incapable of meeting the needs of all segments of society.
Q:
To pay for its comprehensive welfare benefits, the United States takes 50.1 percent of its national income in taxes, the highest rate of any industrialized nation.
Q:
Sweden and the other Scandinavian states rely on wise government spending as their key ingredient in a successful market-based economy.
Q:
The pure free market approach adds all forms of government including regulatory agencies, consumer protection, environmental rules, and antitrust law to our business system and our society.
Q:
American capitalism, despite its extraordinary success, is criticized for problems of poverty, inequality, and unfairness.
Q:
It is a well-known fact that the United States ranks well on standard social measures and not so well on standard economic measures.
Q:
Democratic capitalism and state capitalism trade with each other for mutual advantage but are economic and political rivals.
Q:
Capitalism features economic cooperation and varying degrees of centralized control.
Q:
The term collectivism embraces communism and socialism and similar philosophies on the left side of the political or economic spectrum.
Q:
Political scientist Benjamin Barber believes that capitalism drags us into decadence by encouraging us to buy as many unnecessary products as we can manage.