Q&A Hero

Management

Q: The common name for an integrated circuit is a computer ________.
Q: IC is short for ________.
Q: ________ is simply an alternative form of machine language expressed using letters and normal numbers so people can understand it.
Q: Programs written in a high-level language are ________, i.e., translated, into assembly language programs, which are then assembled into binary.
Q: The process of executing a program is also called ________.
Q: The rate of the Fetch/Execute Cycle is determined by the computer's ________.
Q: The ability to control when ________ do and don't conduct electricity is the main process used in computer construction.
Q: Every peripheral communicates with the computer through a(n) ________.
Q: Programs and their data must reside in the computer's ________ when programs run.
Q: Data Fetch gets the values, called _______, from memory that the ALU needs to perform operations like ADD and MULTIPLY.
Q: Computers have instructions for both transforming and ________ information.
Q: ALU is short for ________.
Q: The ________ is the part of the computer that gets instructions from memory and carries them out.
Q: Integrated circuits are made with a process called ________.
Q: ________ write the instructions for a computer.
Q: A(n) ________ is an "instruction execution engine," cycling through a series of operations, performing an instruction on each round.
Q: Which is not a typical processor instruction? A) Compute the logical AND of two values. B) Test if bit is zero, and jump to a different set of instructions based on the outcome. C) Shift the bits of a word to the right, putting in zeros on the left and discarding bits on the right. D) Search through a list of words to find the first entry equal to a particular value.
Q: The processor clock A) measures how long a program has been running. B) makes the machine cycle go on to the next step. C) keeps the the current time of day. D) measures the response time to user actions such as typing or clicking.
Q: How does the PC change from one fetch/execute cycle to the next (except when the instruction is a branch or jump)? A) Increases by 1. B) Increases by 4. C) Decreases by 1. D) Doubles.
Q: What does "random" in "random access memory" refer to? A) The fact that a request to the memory might return the contents of any location. B) The fact that memory units are unreliable, and may return any value. C) The fact that the computer can refer to the memory locations in any order. D) The fact that the amount of time required for the memory unit to respond is unknown ahead of time.
Q: Which might be a single machine instruction? A) Add two numbers together B) Convert a decimal number to binary C) Send this file to printer D) Send a request to the web site
Q: The speed of a computer is dependent on the number of cycles of what? A) the Fetch/Execute cycle B) the Operating System C) the Input System D) all of the above
Q: The lowest programming language that humans use is: A) binary B) assembly C) Java D) HTML
Q: In the Fetch/Execute Cycle, the action of performing a machine instruction occurs during the: A) Data Fetch (DF) step B) Instruction Fetch (IF) step C) Instruction Execute (EX) step D) Instruction Decode (ID) step
Q: An advantage of integration in creating integrated circuits is that: A) active and connective parts of a circuit are kept as separate components B) more space between components prevents overheating C) costs do not increase as wiring complexity increases D) photolithography allows the chip to be constructed in a single layering process
Q: In the Fetch/Execute Cycle, the action of determining which operation is to be performed and computing the addresses of the operands occurs during the: A) Data Fetch (DF) step B) Instruction Fetch (IF) step C) Instruction Execute (EX) step D) Instruction Decode (ID) step
Q: A computer system's software stack: A) is analogous to house construction when replicating the software B) makes a programmer's job much more complex C) is comprised of layers which do not interact D) features layers of software of increasing generality and sophistication
Q: A program form directly executable by a computer is the: A) assembly file B) high-level language file C) binary object file (binary) D) device driver file
Q: On the computer, one billion clock ticks per second is called: A) megahertz B) gigahertz C) nanohertz D) terahertz
Q: In the Fetch/Execute Cycle, the action of retrieving a machine instruction from the memory address given by the program counter occurs during the: A) Data Fetch (DF) step B) Instruction Fetch (IF) step C) Instruction Execute (EX) step D) Instruction Decode (ID) step
Q: The program counter keeps track of the: A) number of programs the computer is running B) number of memory addresses used C) next instruction to be executed D) current instruction in Fetch/Execute
Q: Computer instructions are: A) 1 byte long B) 2 bytes long C) 4 bytes long D) 8 bytes long
Q: The peripheral used by the computer for both input and output is the: A) printer B) mouse C) hard disk D) keyboard
Q: The hardware implementation of the Fetch/Execute Cycle is the: A) control unit B) input/output (I/O) ports C) peripherals D) RAM
Q: In the Fetch/Execute Cycle, the action of retrieving the instruction's operands from memory occurs during the: A) Data Fetch (DF) step B) Instruction Fetch (IF) step C) Instruction Execute (EX) step D) Instruction Decode (ID) step
Q: How many instructions do computers know? A) only one B) a few C) a lot D) more than humans can count
Q: The PC always contains the location in memory of the first instruction in the current program.
Q: The instruction ADD 3000, 2000, 3080 adds the values 2000 and 3080 together, and places the result (5080) into the memory location having address 3000.
Q: A branch or jump instruction can cause the processor to execute instructions out of memory-address order.
Q: A field effect transistor is a connector between two wires that can be controlled to allow a charge to flow between the wires (conduct) or not.
Q: The gate is the part of a transistor which either conducts and connects the circuit, or insulates and breaks it.
Q: The Fetch/Execute Cycle consists of 4 steps.
Q: Blocks of four bytes are called words.
Q: A single device driver will generally work with several different peripheral devices.
Q: The ability to store different values in its memory locations makes the computer a flexible tool.
Q: The ADD instruction adds the values, not the address numbers of the memory locations.
Q: A megabyte is exactly one million bytes.
Q: Each byte in memory is limited in size.
Q: Every memory location in the computer is numbered, starting at 0.
Q: Memory has a finite capacity.
Q: Rerunning a program with the same data produces exactly the same result every time.
Q: The Nyquist rule requires that, to capture frequencies up to 17,000 Hz, you must sample at a rate of at least ___________ Hz.
Q: ________ is the time required to deliver or generate information.
Q: ________ is a measure of how much information is transmitted per unit time.
Q: ________, the compression scheme of the Motion Picture Experts Group of the ISO, is applied to motion pictures.
Q: ________ compression is the process of reducing the number of bits required to represent information in which the original cannot be exactly reconstructed.
Q: ________ compression is the process of reducing the number of bits required to represent information in which the original form can be exactly reconstructed.
Q: ________ is the factor by which compression reduces an encoding from its uncompressed size.
Q: To ________ means to take measurements at regular intervals, as in sound digitization.
Q: ________ results from turning on all three lights (subpixels) at high intensity.
Q: ________ is the brightness of the light of a subpixel of an LCD display, typically ranging from 0 to 255.
Q: ________ are small points of colored light arranged in a grid to form a computer display.
Q: ________ refers to how close to white the pixels are.
Q: The quality of a sound recording is determined by the _________ and the sample precision A) sample rate B) bit width C) sample speed D) notification rate
Q: Adding a positive number to each component of each pixel in an image will A) brighten the image B) turn the image black C) darken the image D) improve the contrast of the image
Q: The meaning of bits depends upon: A) their inherent meaning B) the principles applied by the transmission medium C) the interpretation placed on them by computer programs D) the ability to perform analog-to-digital conversion
Q: Which statement is incorrect? A) OCR is very sophisticated technology. B) OCR's business applications include sorting mail and banking. C) OCR systems can easily interpret words created by reCaptcha. D) OCR can be used to read the handwritten digits on checks.
Q: GIF encoding: A) is a lossless encoding scheme B) can display 1024 different colors C) is used for photographs D) was invented by the Joint Photographic Experts Group of the ISO
Q: Digitizing sound: A) requires lossless compression techniques B) achieves perfection using an unlimited number of bits C) uses bits to represent both positive and negative values D) is compressed using MPEG
Q: Digitized sound can be: A) "fixed" by removing offending noises B) processed to reduce the number bits C) reproduced exactly D) all of the above
Q: The decimal number 174 is equivalent to the binary number: A) 1010 1110 B) 1110 1111 C) 1101 1010 D) 0001 1101 1100
Q: A digitization guideline stating that the sampling frequency should exceed the signal frequency by at least two times is the: A) Analog-Digital rule B) Leibniz rule C) Nyquist rule D) Sample Rate rule
Q: Using a scanned black and white photo, suppose the subpixels of one pixel had values of 195. If the image's pixels should all be nearer intense white keeping their relative relationships, the subpixels of the given pixel could be changed to values of: A) 179, 179, 179 B) 212, 212, 212 C) 0, 0, 0 D) Both A and C would be suitable.
Q: Because of its inaccuracy, lossy compression is useless for multimedia files.
Q: The Bias-Free Universal Medium Principle means that bits have no inherent meaning, but can represent any discrete information.
Q: Higher bandwidth usually means higher latency.
Q: Making Yellow using paint and making Yellow on a computer screen are very similar processes.
Q: MPEG and other compression schemes only need moderate amounts of bandwidth, allowing us to watch videos on YouTube and Hulu.
Q: As the amount of compression is increased in JPEG, eventually the picture begins to "pixelate," or as slang goes, it gets "jaggies."
Q: Run-length encoding is a lossy compression scheme.
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