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Management
Q:
The requirement for value chain management that is most closely associated with learning on the job is ________.
A) employees/human resources
B) technology investment
C) coordination and collaboration
D) organizational processes
Q:
Job descriptions serve as the primary tool for developing performance standards because they already include specific job goals.
Q:
The requirement for value chain management that includes an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system to link all of an organization's activities is ________.
A) employees/human resources
B) technology investment
C) coordination and collaboration
D) leadership
Q:
Supervisors should provide employees with feedback, development, and incentives necessary to help employees eliminate performance deficiencies or to continue to perform well.
Q:
A performance appraisal is based on the assumption that an employee understood what his or her performance standards were prior to the appraisal.
Q:
The requirement for value chain management that is most closely associated with trust is ________.
A) organizational culture and attitudes
B) technology investment
C) organizational processes
D) employees/human resources
Q:
The requirement for value chain management that is most closely associated with defining and communicating expectations is ________.
A) coordination and collaboration
B) technology investment
C) organizational culture and attitudes
D) leadership
Q:
Which of the following best depicts how information technology supports performance management?
A) tracking team performance with digital dashboards
B) conducting employee training through WebEx software
C) filing benefits information through the company intranet
D) monitoring market performance with electronic scorecards
Q:
The requirement for value chain management that involves better product demand forecasting information is ________.
A) leadership
B) organizational culture and attitudes
C) coordination and collaboration
D) organizational processes
Q:
A supervisor working for a firm that uses performance management should most likely expect to ________.
A) conduct annual performance appraisals
B) compare team goals to industry standards
C) re-evaluate how employees accomplish tasks
D) use paper forms to handle performance appraisals
Q:
Which term refers to ranking of employees from best to worst on a trait or traits choosing highest than lowest until all are ranked?
A) performance management
B) paired comparison
C) alternative ranking
D) direction sharing
Q:
The requirement for value chain management that involves being flexible and sharing information is ________.
A) employees/human resources
B) technology investment
C) coordination and collaboration
D) organizational processes
Q:
Oshman manufactures small kitchen appliances, such as blenders, toasters, and mixers. The firm has nearly 80,000 employees in 22 countries. Employees receive annual performance appraisals from their supervisors that combine critical incidents with a graphic rating scale. However, the firm's CEO advocates shifting from performance appraisals to performance management in an attempt to make Oshman more competitive and performance driven.
All of the following questions are relevant to Oshman's decision to replace its traditional appraisal methods with the performance management approach EXCEPT ________.
A) What technology is available to help managers gain immediate access to employee performance data?
B) How would work procedures need to be modified to provide more frequent feedback to employees?
C) How would the firm's mission and vision translate into departmental, team, and individual goals?
D) What procedures are already in place to effectively identify and measure critical incidents?
Q:
A business model is ________.
A) a competitor that a company seeks to emulate
B) a strategic design for how a company intends to make profit
C) a theoretical ideal that a company seeks to emulate
D) an unrelated organization whose practices a company seeks to emulate
Q:
Oshman manufactures small kitchen appliances, such as blenders, toasters, and mixers. The firm has nearly 80,000 employees in 22 countries. Employees receive annual performance appraisals from their supervisors that combine critical incidents with a graphic rating scale. However, the firm's CEO advocates shifting from performance appraisals to performance management in an attempt to make Oshman more competitive and performance driven.
Which of the following, if true, best supports the argument to replace Oshman's traditional appraisal methods with the performance management approach?
A) Oshman's competitors in the small appliance industry monitor the performance of their employees through electronic performance monitoring systems.
B) Oshman executives want to align the firm's strategic plan with individual employee goals and development needs.
C) Oshman has experienced problems associated with central tendency and bias, and the firm wants to ensure that appraisals are legally sound.
D) Oshman uses management by objectives as a primary appraisal method and requires supervisors to develop SMART goals.
Q:
In a short essay, explain what value chain management is.
Q:
In a short essay, explain what a value chain is.
Q:
Which component of performance management refers to communicating a firm's higher-level goals throughout the organization and then translating them into departmental and individual goals?
A) goal alignment
B) performance monitoring
C) direction sharing
D) developmental support
Q:
In a short essay, define value and explain how it is obtained.
Q:
The continuous process of identifying, measuring, and developing the performance of individuals and teams and aligning their performance with the organization's goals is known as ________.
A) strategic management
B) performance analysis
C) performance appraisal
D) performance management
Q:
When an employee's performance is so poor that a written warning is required, the warning should ________.
A) identify the standards by which the employee is judged
B) provide examples of employees who met the standards
C) provide examples of times when the employee met the standards
D) be written by a labor law attorney in accordance with federal guidelines
Q:
Productivity is not important to value chain management.
Q:
Value chain management is efficiency oriented.
Q:
When a supervisor must criticize a subordinate in an appraisal interview, it is most important for the supervisor to ________.
A) limit negative feedback to once every year
B) provide specific examples of critical incidents
C) acknowledge the supervisor's personal biases in the situation
D) hold the meeting with other people who can document the situation
Q:
When conducting an appraisal interview, supervisors should do all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) ask open-ended questions
B) give specific examples of poor performance
C) write up an action plan with goals and dates
D) compare the person's performance to that of other employees
Q:
Value chain management is externally oriented.
Q:
The manufacturer is the most powerful part of the value chain because it adds more value than the other parts.
Q:
You are conducting an appraisal interview with an employee whose performance is satisfactory but for whom promotion is not possible. Which incentive listed below would most likely be the LEAST effective option for maintaining satisfactory performance in this situation?
A) time off
B) small bonus
C) recognition
D) professional development
Q:
Which of the following best describes the purpose of an appraisal interview?
A) training supervisors in the rating process
B) identifying potential interpersonal problems
C) making plans to correct employee weaknesses
D) discussing and scheduling training programs
Q:
Value in a value chain management system is determined by managers.
Q:
Which of the following terms refers to a performance appraisal based on surveys from peers, supervisors, subordinates, and customers?
A) 360-degree feedback
B) team appraisals
C) upward feedback
D) rating committee
Q:
Since all partners in a value chain benefit when value is added, partners ideally should ________.
A) collaborate closely
B) work independently of one another
C) be dependent only on their narrow local part of the chain
D) collaborate with every other part of the chain
Q:
According to research, what is the typical result of upward feedback?
A) Firms are protected against biased appraisals.
B) Organizational strategies are quickly implemented.
C) Supervisors make changes to their management styles.
D) Critical incidents are documented and ranked by top managers.
Q:
A new cell phone battery doubles battery life but also increases the cost of the phone. This battery adds ________.
A) no value to the phone since it increases the cost
B) value to the phone only if the cost can be cut
C) value to the phone if more customers buy the phone
D) no value to the phone if more customers buy the phone
Q:
Which of the following terms refers to the process of allowing subordinates to rate their supervisor's performance anonymously?
A) supplemental evaluation
B) upward feedback
C) paired evaluation
D) peer evaluation
Q:
When value is created by a participant in a value chain ________ benefits.
A) everyone downstream from that step in the chain
B) only the party that initiated the step
C) everyone in the chain
D) only the customers
Q:
What usually occurs when employees rate themselves for performance appraisals?
A) Ratings are reliable but invalid.
B) Ratings are subject to halo effects.
C) Ratings are higher than when provided by supervisors.
D) Ratings are about the same as when determined by peers.
Q:
In value chain management, ultimately the ________ have power to make changes.
A) suppliers
B) customers
C) employees
D) managers
Q:
In most firms, a rating committee used for performance appraisals consists of ________ members.
A) 1-2
B) 3-4
C) 5-6
D) 7-8
Q:
All of the following are characteristics of value chain management EXCEPT ________.
A) it is externally oriented
B) it focuses on both incoming materials and outgoing products and services
C) it is efficiency oriented
D) it is effectiveness oriented
Q:
Peer appraisals have been shown to result in a(n) ________.
A) reduction of social loafing
B) reduction of group cohesion
C) decrease in task motivation
D) decrease in group satisfaction
Q:
Value chain management is ________ oriented.
A) supplier
B) internally
C) manager
D) externally
Q:
Employee performance appraisals are conducted by all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) peers
B) competitors
C) subordinates
D) rating committees
Q:
________ focuses on providing an efficient flow of resources to an organization.
A) Supply chain management
B) Value chain management
C) Value
D) Supply
Q:
Who is in the best position to observe and evaluate an employee's performance for the purposes of a performance appraisal?
A) customers
B) rating committees
C) top management
D) immediate supervisor
Q:
________ is the process of managing the sequence of activities and information along the entire value chain for a product.
A) Supply chain management
B) Value chain management
C) Supply management
D) Customer management
Q:
Which of the following would most likely result in a legally questionable appraisal process?
A) basing appraisals on subjective supervisory observations
B) administering and scoring appraisals in a standardized fashion
C) using job performance dimensions that are too clearly defined
D) assigning specific trait names when using graphic rating scales
Q:
In its entirety, the value chain includes which of the following participants?
A) internal customers, external customers, and stakeholders
B) design, production, and customers
C) research and development, production, and distribution
D) suppliers, manufacturers, and customers
Q:
All of the following are considered best practices for administering fair performance appraisals EXCEPT ________.
A) explaining how subordinates can improve their performance
B) basing the appraisal on observable job behaviors
C) using subjective performance data for appraisals
D) training supervisors how to conduct appraisals
Q:
The ________ is the series of work actions that add value to a product as it is being transformed from inputs to finished product.
A) supply chain
B) value chain
C) output chain
D) input chain
Q:
Which of the following is the primary advantage of using graphic rating scales as performance appraisal tools?
A) eliminates central tendency errors
B) offers extremely high rate of accuracy
C) provides quantitative rating for each employee
D) links with mutually agreed upon performance objectives
Q:
When the New York Times experimented with charging money for its online news source, its popularity on the Internet plummeted. This shows that online news, at least as it is defined in this market, has ________.
A) enormous value
B) no value
C) no appeal
D) little value
Q:
Stephanie manages the accounting department at an advertising agency. She needs to conduct performance appraisals for the eight employees in her department. Stephanie wants a performance appraisal tool that is highly accurate, ranks employees, and uses critical incidents to help explain ratings to appraisees. Which performance appraisal tool is best suited for Stephanie?
A) graphic rating scale
B) alternation ranking method
C) critical incident method
D) behaviorally anchored rating scale
Q:
All of the following guidelines will most likely improve the effectiveness of a performance appraisal EXCEPT ________.
A) maintaining a diary of employees' performance during the year
B) using a graphic rating scale to ensure fair and consistent ratings
C) knowing the advantages and disadvantages of different appraisal tools
D) developing a plan to assist employees with performance improvement
Q:
On eBay, brand-new red espresso machines routinely sell for $50 more than identical white machines. What can you conclude?
A) The color white has no value.
B) The color red has value.
C) Color has no value since it does not add to the function of the machine.
D) There is something different about the red machines.
Q:
Which of the following is LEAST likely to cause a supervisor's performance appraisal of a subordinate to be biased?
A) purpose of the appraisal
B) location and time of the appraisal
C) personal characteristics of the subordinate
D) relationship between supervisor and subordinate
Q:
The durability an expensive pair of shoes provides has value since ________ are willing to ________ it.
A) suppliers; provide
B) customers; pay for
C) manufacturers; make
D) managers; plan for
Q:
Value is any aspect of a product that customers ________ in the product.
A) like or admire
B) want to see
C) will pay for
D) notice
Q:
Which of the following has most likely occurred when a supervisor conducting a performance appraisal is influenced by a subordinate's individual differences such as age, sex, and race?
A) bias
B) halo affect
C) central tendency
D) unclear standards
Q:
The best method for reducing the problems of leniency or strictness in performance appraisals is to ________.
A) keep critical incident logs
B) require multiple appraisals
C) impose a performance distribution
D) reconsider the timing of the appraisal
Q:
In a short essay, define and describe operations management.
Q:
The ________ problem occurs when supervisors tend to rate all their subordinates consistently low.
A) central tendency
B) leniency
C) strictness
D) halo effect
Q:
Operations management is likely to play a key role in American firms regaining their preeminence among world companies.
Q:
Which performance appraisal problem is associated with supervisors giving all of their subordinates consistently high ratings?
A) central tendency
B) leniency
C) strictness
D) halo effect
Q:
In the 1960s and 1970s, companies in Japan and Germany began to catch up with U.S. firms by focusing on quality.
Q:
The best way to reduce the problem of central tendency in performance appraisals is to ________.
A) rank employees
B) use graphic rating scales
C) limit the number of appraisals
D) appraise personal characteristics
Q:
After World War II, managers in the U.S. firms began to focus on manufacturing rather than finance and marketing.
Q:
A supervisor who frequently rates all employees as average on performance appraisals most likely has a problem known as ________.
A) halo effect
B) stereotyping
C) central tendency
D) leniency
Q:
Deming's 14 points were useful in their time but are now largely considered to be obsolete.
Q:
Productivity goals, according to Deming, should be strictly numerical to avoid ambiguity.
Q:
Jason is a conscientious employee, but he is viewed by most of his co-workers as unfriendly. Jason's supervisor rates him low on the traits "gets along well with others" and "quality of work." Which of the following problems has most likely affected Jason's performance appraisal?
A) central tendency
B) leniency
C) halo effect
D) recency effect
Q:
Deming advocated an approach in which managers never get complacent about the quality of their product.
Q:
Which of the following is a performance appraisal problem that occurs when a supervisor's rating of a subordinate on one trait biases the rating of that person on other traits?
A) recency effect
B) halo effect
C) central tendency
D) stereotyping
Q:
According to W. Edwards Deming, managers should emphasize short-term rather than long-term planning.
Q:
For most U.S. companies, high productivity is a matter of survival.
Q:
Which of the following is the best way for a supervisor to correct a performance appraisal problem caused by unclear standards?
A) focusing on performance instead of personality traits
B) using graphic rating scales to rank employees
C) using descriptive phrases to illustrate traits
D) allowing employees to rate themselves first
Q:
The majority of U.S. companies still produce goods rather than services.
Q:
Which of the following terms refers to an appraisal that is too open to interpretation?
A) unclear standards
B) halo effects
C) leniency
D) biased
Q:
Graphic rating scales are subject to all of the following problems EXCEPT ________.
A) unclear standards
B) halo effects
C) complexity
D) leniency
Q:
Manufacturing and service organizations produce both physical and nonphysical outputs.