Q&A Hero

Q: A sales forecast refers toA. the total sales of a product that a firm expects to sell during a specified time period under specified environmental conditions and its own marketing efforts.B. sales goals based on past performances of individual sales representatives, used as motivation for productivity among this staff.C. the total sales from a product that could be generated with a hypothetical set of preferred environmental forces.D. the total industry sales generated by a product during a specified time period that results from specified environmental conditions.E. published information about competitors' sales from the NAICS.

Q: Evaluating the results of a marketing decision involvesA. asking prospective customers if they are likely to buy the product during a specified future time period.B. requesting the firm's salespeople to estimate sales during a coming period.C. collecting data from marketing experts about changes in the environment.D. collecting projections from all regional sales managers and making projections based on a region to region basis.E. monitoring the marketplace to determine if action is necessary in the future.

Q: Figure 7-6D: Average Annual Sales per Household of Tony's Pizza, by Age of Children Figure 7-6D above shows that A. Tony's Pizza sales to households with some children between the ages of 13 to 17 increased significantly over the period 2010 and 2013. B. Tony's Pizza unit sales to households with children between the ages of 6 to 12 decreased over the period 2010 and 2013. C. Tony's Pizza sales to single-person households have remained relatively steady from 2010 and 2013. D. Tony's Pizza sales to households with no children under 18 have declined from 2010 and 2013. E. there is not a significant enough difference between age groups that would warrant a marketing action at this time.

Q: Figure 7-6C: Average Annual Sales per Household of Tony's Pizza, by Household Size Figure 7-6C above shows that A. Tony's Pizza sales to households with 5 or more people increased over the period 2010 and 2013. B. households with 5 or more people bought the least amount of Tony's Pizza over the period 2010 and 2013. C. from 2010 and 2013, as single people married and became two person households, the increase in sales of Tony's Pizza was greater than the expected 200% change. D. Tony's Pizza sales to households with 2 people have remained relatively steady from 2010 and 2013. E. the changes from year to year are really not significant since overall sales of Tony's Pizza have continued to increase.

Q: Figure 7-6B: Average Annual Sales of Tony's Pizza per Household Figure 7-6B above shows that A. annual sales of Tony's Pizza increased over the period 2010 and 2013. B. average annual unit sales of Tony's Pizza per household decreased over the period 2010 and 2013. C. average dollar sales of Tony's Pizza have dropped from $3.4 million to $3.1 million. D. sales of Tony's Pizza to households with children declined over the period 2010 and 2013. E. smaller households bought less Tony's Pizza over the period 2010 and 2013.

Q: Figure 7-6A: Annual Sales of Tony's Pizza Figure 7-6A above indicates that A. U.S. children ate more pizzas between the years 2010 and 2013. B. annual sales of Tony's Pizza grew significantly over the period 2010 to 2013. C. households with two or more members ate more Tony's Pizza over the period 2010 to 2013, which drove a sales increase. D. annual sales of Tony's Pizza grew slightly over the period 2010 to 2013. E. there was a greater change in growth in the monthly sales of Tony's Pizza between 2010 and 2011 than there was between 2012 and 2013.

Q: All of the following are downsides to data mining EXCEPT:A. some of the information found on the Internet is factually incorrect.B. personal, private data on most Americans is available on the Internet.C. it is easy for almost anyone to find out your personal information through both online and offline sources.D. you can also use the Internet to find out which companies are obtaining your personal data.E. many firms obtain personal, private data by placing cookies on a person's computer or use tracking apps to forward location information from a user's mobile phone.

Q: Many consumers buy soft drinks and potato chips together when they shop at a grocery, convenience, or mass merchandiser store. But when querying its marketing information system (MIS), one convenience store discovered that when consumers bought a sandwich, many also purchased toothpaste. This information was obtained from checkout scanner data from its stores nationwide. This convenience store used __________ to extract this hidden information from its MIS to find the statistical link between the two product categories.A. linear trend extrapolationB. heuristic modelingC. data miningD. descriptive researchE. RFID data

Q: Data mining refers toA. any form of electronically-generated market research.B. the extraction of hidden predictive information from large databases to find statistical links between consumer purchasing patterns and marketing actions.C. a branch of marketing specializing in obtaining both objective and subjective data to be used by other companies or organizations.D. obtaining information about a competitor and its products for use by one's own firm.E. the use of information derived solely from unsolicited sources such as customer complaints or complements.

Q: Figure 7-5 Figure 7-5 above shows how marketing researchers and managers use information technology to turn information into marketing actions. What does E represent? A. external data sources B. results C. data warehouse D. internal data sources E. buying queries

Q: Figure 7-5 Figure 7-5 above shows how marketing researchers and managers use information technology to turn information into marketing actions. What does D represent? A. external data sources B. results C. data warehouse D. internal data sources E. buying queries

Q: Figure 7-5 Figure 7-5 above shows how marketing researchers and managers use information technology to turn information into marketing actions. What does C represent? A. external data sources B. results C. data warehouse D. internal data sources E. buying queries

Q: Figure 7-5 Figure 7-5 above shows how marketing researchers and managers use information technology to turn information into marketing actions. What does B represent? A. external data sources B. results C. data warehouse D. internal data sources E. buying queries

Q: Figure 7-5 Figure 7-5 above shows how marketing researchers and managers use information technology to turn information into marketing actions. What does Box A represent? A. external data sources B. results C. data warehouse D. internal data sources E. buying queries

Q: Information technology refers toA. any information derived from a nonpersonal source.B. operating computer networks that can store and process data.C. any hardware used in collecting information to be used in market research such as scanners, telephones, voting machines, etc.D. any activity that uses some form of electronic communication in the inventory, exchange, advertisement, distribution, and payment of goods and services.E. the inventions or innovations from applied science or engineering research.

Q: __________ involves operating computer networks that can store and process data. For marketers, it can be used to extract hidden information from large databases such as households' product purchases, TV viewing behavior, and responses to coupon or free-sample promotions.A. Data miningB. Environmental scanningC. ComputerizationD. E-marketingE. Information technology

Q: A test market for a new Kellogg's cereal is an example ofA. hypothesis generation.B. an experiment.C. secondary data.D. virtual modeling.E. probability sampling.

Q: A potential difficulty with experiments like test markets is that outside factors, such as the actions of competitors, can distort the results by affecting __________, such as sales.A. independent variablesB. marketing driversC. dependent variablesD. causality variablesE. probability variables

Q: What type of experiment is conducted when a food company offers a product for sale in a small geographic area to help it evaluate potential marketing actions?A. micro marketB. trail marketC. experimental marketD. simulated marketE. test market

Q: Marketing drivers are used with which of the four Ps?A. product, price, place onlyB. product, promotion, people onlyC. product features onlyD. product features and price onlyE. product, promotion, price, and place inclusively

Q: Eppie's Used Cars wanted to test whether straight price discounting worked better than a free gift. It ran two different commercials on alternate Wednesdays. The first offered 20 percent off the Kelley Blue Book price for any 4-wheel-drive vehicle on the lot while the second offered a free tent with the purchase of any 4-wheel-drive vehicle at the Kelley Blue Book price. The type of offer was the __________ variable. The number of people that responded to each type was the __________ variable, which would suggest best strategy for increasing traffic.A. marketing; dependentB. dependent; independentC. control; independentD. independent; dependentE. dependent; control

Q: When Procter & Gamble acquired the Old Spice brand, it decided to reposition the brand by using different television and print advertising to see whether sales would increase. The level of sales is the __________ in this experiment.A. dependent variableB. independent variableC. hypothesisD. extraneous variableE. error variable

Q: A market researcher showed a plain print ad of new brand of designer jeans to several groups of college students and asked the students to rate their quality. Then the researcher showed some other college students a print ad featuring movie star Scarlett Johansson wearing the new brand and asked the students again to rate the quality of the jeans. The marketer predicted that after viewing the ad featuring Johansson, the students' ratings of the jeans would be more positive than the other ones. In this experiment, students' ratings of the new blue jeans served as theA. dependent variable.B. independent variable.C. social environmental force.D. secondary data.E. constraint.

Q: As marketing vice president of Health Care Services, Inc., you must test the hypothesis that increasing the number of salespeople assigned to a territory will increase sales of health care services in the territory. Which experiment will do this best?A. Create an incentive program for your salesforce based upon individual performance. Use increases in customer satisfaction as your dependent variable and increases in sales performance as your independent variable.B. Select three degrees of service health care (poor, good, average) as your independent variable and measure customer responses for each grade using the same number of sales representatives in each territory as your dependent variable.C. Create an incentive program for your salesforce based upon individual performance. Use increases in customer satisfaction as your independent variable and increases in sales performance as your dependent variable.D. Use a different number of salespeople in three different sales territories as your independent variable and changes in sales of health care services as the dependent variable.E. Create an incentive program for your salesforce based upon team performance. Use increases in customer satisfaction as your independent variable and increases in sales performance for the team as your dependent variable.

Q: An advantage of using a panel of consumers for marketing research isA. the discussion leader can help change negative panel responses into positive ones.B. the company can find out if consumers change their purchasing behavior over time.C. panel members often help each other by bringing up ideas for discussion that others didn't initially think of but that were important to them.D. there will usually be one panel member who dominates the discussion and helps keep the conversation focused.E. panel members are highly defined demographically, so it is relatively simple to replace an individual member without losing continuity.

Q: __________ are revolutionizing not only the way people connect with each other but also the way today's products are advertised and sold.A. Internet portalsB. Social mediaC. WikisD. Virtual focus groupsE. E-journals

Q: A disadvantage of the mall intercept interview method isA. the difficulty in finding qualified interviewers to work at relatively low salaries.B. the lack of reliability due to changes in customer traffic during holidays.C. the ill will it creates with shoppers who are in a hurry or looking for a relaxing mall experience.D. the people selected may not be representative of the target market.E. the people only participate to receive something in return, so their answers are often biased.

Q: Mall intercept interviews refer toA. impersonal data collection methods in strip shopping malls.B. telephone interviews with consumers about their shopping center habits.C. scientifically-selected individuals from the local community who agree to participate in a research study and are directed to meet at a specific shopping center for the interviews.D. focus groups located in major shopping centers.E. personal interviews of consumers visiting shopping centers.

Q: Figure 7-B Consider Figure 7-B above. The question "Do you eat at fast-food restaurants regularly: Yes or No?" is worded poorly because respondents don't know what "regularly" means. This is an example of a(n) __________ question. A. unanswerable B. ambiguous C. two questions in one D. leading E. nonmutually exclusive

Q: Figure 7-4: Question 9 Consider Figure 7-4: Question 9 above, which was part of a Wendy's survey that assessed fast-food restaurant preferences among present and prospective consumers. Which of the following statements most likely explains why Question 9 was included in the questionnaire? A. Wendy's wanted to know if children eat at its restaurants. B. Wendy's wanted to know why people have children under age 18 living at home. C. Wendy's can use these personal and household demographic characteristics to segment the fast-food market. D. Wendy's wants to know how much people earn so it knows whether it should take credit cards for purchases. E. Wendy's wanted to send these respondents coupons for the products that would appeal to them most.

Q: Figure 7-4: Question 6 Consider Figure 7-4: Question 6 above, which was part of a Wendy's survey that assessed fast-food restaurant preferences among present and prospective consumers. Question 6 illustrates which type of question format? A. dichotomous B. open-ended C. Likert D. attitudinal E. semantic differential

Q: Figure 7-4: Question 5 Consider Figure 7-4: Question 5 above, which was part of a Wendy's survey that assessed fast-food restaurant preferences among present and prospective consumers. Question 5 illustrates which type of question format? A. dichotomous B. open-ended C. Likert scale D. semantic differential scale E. attitudinal

Q: Semantic differential and Likert are question types that uses a(n)A. scale.B. frequency distribution.C. measure of success.D. open-ended question.E. constraint.

Q: Figure 7-4: Question 3 Consider Figure 7-4: Question 3 above, which was part of a Wendy's survey that assessed fast-food restaurant preferences among present and prospective consumers. Question 3 illustrates which type of question format? A. dichotomous B. open-ended C. closed-end D. attitudinal E. semantic differential

Q: Another name of a closed-end question is a(n) __________ question.A. Likert scaleB. dichotomousC. leadingD. semantic differentialE. fixed-alternative

Q: Figure 7-4: Question 2 Consider Figure 7-4: Question 2 above, which was part of a Wendy's survey that assessed fast-food restaurant preferences among present and prospective consumers. Question 2 illustrates which type of question format? A. dichotomous B. open-ended C. Likert scale D. attitudinal E. semantic differential

Q: Figure 7-4: Question 1 Consider Figure 7-4: Question 1 above, which was part of a Wendy's survey that assessed fast-food restaurant preferences among present and prospective consumers. Question 1 illustrates which type of question format? A. dichotomous B. open-ended C. close-ended D. attitudinal E. semantic differential

Q: "What is your favorite thing about Target?" followed by several lines for a response is an example of which type of marketing research question?A. Likert scaleB. fixed alternativeC. dichotomousD. open-endedE. semantic differential

Q: "Why do you smoke cigarettes?" is an example of which type of question?A. Likert scaleB. fixed alternativeC. dichotomousD. open-endedE. semantic differential

Q: Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of online surveys?A. e-mail surveys may be viewed as junkB. the costC. some potential respondents have a pop-up blocker that prohibits a browser from opening a separate window that contains the surveyD. without the necessary technology, respondents can complete the survey multiple times, creating a significant bias in the resultsE. some potential respondents may employ spam blockers.

Q: Marketers are increasingly using online surveys to collect primary data. One advantage is thatA. response rates are higher because consumers are anonymous.B. the quality of responses is better with online surveys than they are with personal interview surveys.C. turnaround time from data collection to report is much quicker than with traditional methods.D. consumers value e-mail surveys and feel highly regarded when receiving them.E. consumers want to be helpful so they complete the survey multiple times.

Q: __________ surveys are usually biased because those most likely to respond are those who have had especially positive or negative experiences with the product or brand.A. Personal interviewB. OnlineC. TelephoneD. FaxE. Mail

Q: __________ surveys are the best choice if a marketing researcher wants flexibility in asking probing questions or getting reactions to visual materials.A. Personal interviewB. MailC. TelephoneD. FaxE. Online

Q: All of the following are idea evaluation methods EXCEPT:A. a mail survey.B. an online survey.C. a focus group.D. a telephone survey.E. an e-mail survey.

Q: Marketing Research Method Photo Consider the Marketing Research Method Photo above. What type of marketing research method is most likely being represented here, with observers behind a one-way mirror watching a discussion among people about topics of interest to marketers? A. individual interview B. questionnaire data C. social network D. information panel E. focus group

Q: Where it is desirable for the interviewer to be flexible in asking probing follow-up questions, data would be best collected usingA. mail surveys.B. mechanical observations.C. fax surveys.D. individual interviews.E. on-line surveys.

Q: Individual interviews involveA. several people asking the same person the same questions over a period of time to check for answer reliability.B. asking respondents in a shopping mall to fill out a brief survey.C. a single researcher asking questions of one respondent.D. having the interviewee talk about specific aspects of a product or service using a video camera in his/her natural use environment.E. a panel of respondents participating in a guided discussion lead by an experienced moderator.

Q: All of the following are idea generation methods EXCEPT:A. a mail survey.B. trend hunting.C. a focus group.D. a depth interview.E. an individual interview.

Q: The Belsen interview pretests media surveys, gathering data by asking people about their attitudes, beliefs, and awareness of various media. With this method, a respondent is interviewed twice, first by one interviewer using the proposed survey and then by another who asks questions about the survey itself. The Belsen interview uses __________ data.A. questionnaireB. secondaryC. interceptD. observationalE. synergistic

Q: Japanese car safety rules effectively require all automobile replacement parts to be Japanese and the country has about 11,000 other rules that specify how other goods are to be made and marketed. These rules often function as __________.A. economic infrastructureB. trade barriersC. universal codesD. binding requirementsE. targets for bribery

Q: The PRS group maintains a website that can be used to determineA. changing demographic and psychographic data for each country in the registry.B. a country's political risk ratings using multiple databases of country-specific information.C. the tariffs of each country and their relative effect on product and services sales.D. the rankings of American products relative to domestic equivalents in each country.E. changing social trends within different segments of the economy.

Q: Which of the following statements concerning currency exchange rates is most accurate?A. Fluctuations in exchange rates among the world's currencies are of critical importance in global marketing.B. Fluctuations in exchange rates among the world's currencies occur, but multinational companies are insulated from the affects because of direct investment.C. Exchange rate fluctuations are relatively rare, but when they occur, their effects are minimal.D. Exchange rate fluctuations are now almost nonexistent due in great part to the stability of the euro.E. Exchange rate fluctuations may affect the financial sector but rarely reach the consumer.

Q: When foreign currencies can buy more U.S. dollars,A. U.S. products are more expensive to foreign customers.B. U.S. products are more expensive to U.S. customers.C. U.S. products are less expensive to foreign customers.D. economists consider it an indicator of an impending long-term economic upturn.E. American consumers will buy in large quantities and stockpile in fear of an impending economic crisis.

Q: A currency exchange rate refers toA. the unit equivalency of all international currency.B. the ratio of a nation's basic unit of currency relative to the price of silver.C. the ratio of a nation's basic unit of currency relative to the price of gold.D. the price of one country's currency expressed in terms of another country's currency.E. the unit of wealth (gold, oil, diamonds, etc.) upon which a nation bases its national currency.

Q: Foreign countries with very low per capita incomes may still be attractive markets for some goods. To get a more reliable picture of a country's purchasing power, a country's __________ must also be considered.A. total incomeB. total areaC. geographical locationD. cultureE. income distribution

Q: A country's income distribution is important because it gives a more reliable picture of a country's __________.A. consumer tastesB. taxable incomeC. purchasing powerD. discretionary incomeE. cost of living

Q: A global marketer selling consumer products and services must also consider what the average per capita or __________ is among a country's consumers and how the income is distributed to determine a nation's purchasing power.A. buying capacityB. currency exchange riskC. purchasing powerD. household incomeE. cost of living

Q: In Latvia, only one six-lane highway exists, connecting Riga, its capitol, with Moscow. Otherwise, the roads are two-lane and many are made of cobblestones or bricks. This limits the speed with which deliveries can be made and requires that delivery trucks be quite small. The road network in Latvia is an example of problems with a country'sA. capital improvements.B. fixed-asset base.C. geopolitical wealth.D. asset wealth.E. economic infrastructure.

Q: Economic infrastructure refers toA. a nation's military-industrial complex.B. a country's governmental services.C. the people and the wealth of a nation.D. a country's communications, transportation, financial, and distribution systems.E. all of a country's natural resources, whether or not they are currently being exploited.

Q: A country's communications, transportation, financial, and distribution systems are considered to be itsA. capital improvements.B. fixed-asset base.C. economic infrastructure.D. geopolitical wealth.E. asset wealth.

Q: Kit Kat Bar Photo Consider the Kit Kat bar photo above. Kit Kat bars are marketed by Nestl worldwide. Kit Kat is pronounced "kitto katsu" in Japanese, which roughly translates to "surely win." Japanese teens eat Kit Kat bars for good luck, particularly when taking crucial school exams. This positive result might have been eliminated had the company used __________ and felt it necessary to use a name without an additional meaning. A. intentional transliteration B. semantic symbolism C. back translation D. semantic analysis E. linguistic exchange

Q: A Tokyo shopkeeper would have been wise to use __________ to verify the accuracy of the new sign in English he purchased for his dry cleaning business. The sign read, "Drop your pants here for best results," which he did not know had another suggestive meaning to native speakers.A. cultural symbolismB. dialect transformationC. semantic analysisD. linguistic exchangeE. back translation

Q: Canada has two official languages, which areA. English and Japanese.B. English and Spanish.C. English and French.D. English and Italian.E. English and German.

Q: Parthenon Photo The Parthenon, shown in the photo above, evokes strong feelings from consumers in Greece and is referred to as the "holy rock." Coca Cola marketers did not respect that this __________, when used in a marketing campaign by replacing the columns with Coke bottles, would arouse such an angry response in that country. A. cultural symbol B. anthropomorphic code C. back translation D. semantic representation E. civil analysis

Q: By skillfully using __________, global marketers can tie positive meanings to their products, services, and brands to enhance their attractiveness to consumers.A. cultural symbolsB. visual iconsC. trademarksD. brand namesE. ethnic emblems

Q: A researcher studying the fact that in some nations black is a sign of mourning while in others white is a sign of mourning would be studyingA. semiotics.B. semantics.C. semaphorics.D. cultural symbolism.E. cultural linguistics.

Q: Semiotics refers toA. a field of study in marketing linguistics that identifies the connotative meanings behind words in order to create the most effective product or brand names.B. a field of study in marketing linguistics that identifies the connotative meanings behind words in order to create the most effective advertising messages.C. a field of study that examines the correspondence between symbols and their role in the assignment of meaning for people.D. a field of linguistics that translates words into internationally recognized symbols to help companies carry their product message across international boundaries.E. the practice where a translated word or phrase is retranslated into the original language by a different interpreter to catch errors.

Q: Cultural symbols are things thatA. can be protected by international copyrights.B. cannot be expressed by words or characters.C. represent values that exist solely within a nation.D. represent words through the use of pictures or designs.E. represent ideas and concepts.

Q: Cultural symbols refer toA. ideas that can be protected by international copyrights.B. ideas that cannot be expressed by words or characters.C. things that represent values that exist solely within a nation.D. things that represent ideas and concepts.E. words that represent pictures or designs.

Q: The law, amended by the International Anti-Dumping and Fair Competition Act, that makes it a crime for U.S. corporations to bribe an official of a foreign government or political party to obtain or retain business in a foreign country, is referred to as theA. International Law for Egalitarian Ethics Act.B. International Fair Practices Act.C. Law of International Equity Act.D. International Law of Ethical Business Practices Act.E. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.

Q: The Foreign Corrupt Practices ActA. makes it a crime for U.S. corporations to bribe an official of a foreign government or political party to obtain or retain business in a foreign country.B. has different levels of punishment based upon the wealth of the host nation.C. regulates only the behavior of U.S. businesses conducting business within the United States.D. makes the theft of trade secrets by foreign entities a federal crime in the United States.E. is a unilateral agreement the United States made with several developing nations.

Q: Which of the following statements about bribery is most accurate?A. Bribes, kickbacks, and payoffs offered to entice someone to commit an illegal or improper act are deemed corrupt in some cultures but not in others.B. The world's major exporting nations have agreed to treat bribery of foreign government officials as a violation of trade agreements.C. Bribes paid to foreign companies is in some cases a tax-deductible expense in the U.S.D. It is a crime for U.S. corporations to bribe an official of a foreign government or political party unless pre-approved by the Federal Trade Commission.E. It is illegal for a U.S. corporation to bribe an official of a foreign government or political party to obtain or retain business in a foreign country.

Q: Customs refer toA. what is considered normal and expected about the way people do things in a specific country.B. those actions or activities within a community that are unique or distinctly different from any other group.C. actions or behaviors that are repeated over time and carry a specific meaning to a unique group, nationality, or ethnicity.D. traditions among a group of people, a nation, or ethnicity that affect their purchase behaviors.E. what would be considered unusual or unexpected, and even unacceptable, about the way people do things in a specific country.

Q: Almost all countries have some division of social class (upper, middle, and lower). The determining factor for the assignment to one of these classes may differ from country to country. For example, in the United States, the primary determining factor is occupation; in India, it is birthright; in China, it is geographical region and education; and in Singapore, it is income. These differences are best explained in terms of a country'sA. semiotics.B. legal system.C. ethnocentricity.D. religion.E. values.

Q: Values refer toA. personally or socially held core beliefs that are consistent within a given culture.B. the beliefs that dictate a person's behavior, which are often derived from a religious code of conduct.C. personally or socially preferable modes of conduct or states of existence that tend to persist over time.D. the innate sense of what a person considers to be right or wrong in terms of his or her own conduct when dealing with others.E. those personality traits regarding honesty and integrity that have been passed down from generation to generation.

Q: A thorough cross-cultural analysis involves an understanding of and an appreciation of all of the following EXCEPT:A. economics.B. symbols.C. values.D. languages.E. customs.

Q: For the marketer, a thorough __________ involves an understanding of and an appreciation for the values, customs, symbols, and language of other societies.A. market synthesisB. international sociographic studyC. anthropological examinationD. cross-cultural analysisE. ethnocentrism assessment

Q: Cross-cultural analysis refers to the study ofA. the subgroups within the larger, or national, culture with unique values, ideas, and attitudes.B. the set of values, ideas, and attitudes that are learned and shared among the consumers of a country.C. the similarities and differences among consumers in two or more nations or societies.D. the buying behaviors within a given nation to identify similarities and differences among individuals.E. the buying behaviors within a given nation that links a person's actions to the cultural group with which he or she identify most.

Q: The Economic Espionage ActA. allows the World Court in The Hague to adjudicate trade disputes on behalf of United Nations' members and requires the home country to impose any penalties.B. imposes a personal fine on a convicted U.S. citizen of up to $10 million.C. targets espionage activities that are commonplace in any industry that holds governmental contracts.D. makes the theft of trade secrets by foreign entities a federal crime in the U.S.E. is well-intended in theory, but is virtually impossible to enforce.

Q: The use of __________ as a tool for exchanging goods, services, and information on a global scale is one of the trends that has affected world trade.A. buying centersB. Internet technologyC. language translatorsD. tariff and quota policiesE. multinational marketing strategies