Q&A Hero

Q: The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has many regulatory powers that govern the action of persons and corporations. Name and briefly describe four of the powers of the FTC.

Q: What is the CPSC? How does it affect marketing?

Q: There are several federal laws that affect marketing regarding the competitive environment, pricing practices, and false advertising. Name and briefly describe three of these federal laws.

Q: Compare and contrast basic and applied research. Give an example of each.

Q: One component of the external environment marketing managers must understand and react to is the economic environment. Briefly describe the four economic areas of greatest concern to U.S. marketers and the marketing implications of trends in these four areas.

Q: The largest Japanese community outside of Japan resides in the country of Brazil, a former Portuguese colony. Today, the Japanese-Brazilian families operate schools to continue their cultural traditions. Does this mean that Brazil has a multicultural society?

Q: Who are the baby boomers and why are they important to marketers? Name and describe the four subgroups of baby boomers that have been identified.

Q: Compare and contrast Generation Y and Generation X. Which generation is of more interest to marketers? Why?

Q: What is a component lifestyle? Describe how a college student follows a component lifestyle. Use specific examples.

Q: List and describe the four basic values that have strongly influenced American's attitudes and lifestyles.

Q: An organization is not completely at the mercy of the external environment. Explain environmental management and give an example how a motorcycle helmet manufacturer might use it.

Q: What is environmental scanning? Give an example of an opportunity and a threat that environmental scanning might identify for a suntan lotion company.

Q: While managers can control the marketing mix, they cannot control the elements in the external environment that continually mold and reshape the target market. List six variables of the external environment that are not directly under the control of marketing managers.

Q: Refer to Dog Spa. The uncontrollable environmental factors Tumlin faces in terms of zoning restrictions for the new dog salon represent _____ factors. a. economic b. political and legal c. research and development d. cultural e. demographic

Q: What type of research did the marketing consultant perform for Tumlin? a. basic b. preliminary c. applied d. causal e. factorial

Q: Refer to Dog Spa. Tumlin is developing a strategic marketing plan to cover the first five years of the salon's business. She must be sure to consider which of the following uncontrollable factors in her plan? a. place or distribution factors b. media buying factors c. demographic factors d. dining area layout factors e. pricing for services

Q: Refer to Dog Spa. Describing the market for Tumlin's grooming salon in terms of how old they are and their marital state reflects the use of _____ characteristics. a. psychographic b. demographic c. anthropological d. geographic e. sociological

Q: NARRBEGIN: Dog SpaDog SpaKelly Tumlin wants to open a dog grooming salon that will offer healthy, natural pet care and holistic pet products. All of the products sold at the salon will be of the highest quality and made of all-natural ingredients.. Tumlin wants to pamper pets just like a spa pampers their owners. To determine the feasibility of the grooming salon, Tumlin hired a marketing researcher who studied all the market information available and determined that single, white-collar workers between the ages of 30 and 60 were the most likely people to use the services proposed by Tumlin. The researcher also determined the west side of the city offers the best location for the enterprise even though zoning regulations are much stricter in that area.NARRENDRefer to Dog Spa. The fact that people would actually treat their dogs to a luxurious spa treatment reflects a change in _____ factors within the external environment.a. demographicb. socialc. technologicald. geographice. political

Q: NARRBEGIN: Dog SpaDog SpaKelly Tumlin wants to open a dog grooming salon that will offer healthy, natural pet care and holistic pet products. All of the products sold at the salon will be of the highest quality and made of all-natural ingredients.. Tumlin wants to pamper pets just like a spa pampers their owners. To determine the feasibility of the grooming salon, Tumlin hired a marketing researcher who studied all the market information available and determined that single, white-collar workers between the ages of 30 and 60 were the most likely people to use the services proposed by Tumlin. The researcher also determined the west side of the city offers the best location for the enterprise even though zoning regulations are much stricter in that area.NARRENDRefer to Dog Spa. The group of consumers identified by the researcher as most likely to avail themselves of the services offered by Tumlin's grooming salon is called a:a. target marketb. buying centerc. mass marketd. consumer clustere. demography

Q: NARRBEGIN: E-cigarettesE-cigarettesSmoking inflames non-smokers and claims the lives of more than 400,000 smokers each year, so the electronic cigarette is a welcomed alternative. Electronic cigarettes, called e-cigarettes, are battery-powered devices that emit a vapor from nicotine, flavorings, and other chemicals. It looks like a cigarette and allows smokers to inhale the nicotine vapor in places where smoking is not allowed. The product has been touted as a means to quit smoking as well. However, critics, especially the Food and Drug Administration, claim that "vaping" poses risks. In fact, the FDA claims its tests revealed a toxic chemical that is found in anti-freeze as well as other carcinogens. The FDA blocked a shipment of the product from China and banned the sale of this product in the United States. In addition to the safety issue, the FDA is concerned that children might be attracted to this product because they come in flavors other than traditional menthol, such as bubble gum, chocolate, and strawberry. The FDA wants this product to go through the same rigorous testing that drugs must go through before being marketed. However, the FDA's authority over this product is questioned. While Congress has recently given the FDA authority over tobacco products, this is not a tobacco product and the Electronic Cigarette Association is fighting the ban.NARRENDRefer to E-cigarettes. The FDA is part of which environmental factor affecting the marketing of this product?a. demographicb. technologicalc. political and legald. competitivee. economic

Q: NARRBEGIN: E-cigarettesE-cigarettesSmoking inflames non-smokers and claims the lives of more than 400,000 smokers each year, so the electronic cigarette is a welcomed alternative. Electronic cigarettes, called e-cigarettes, are battery-powered devices that emit a vapor from nicotine, flavorings, and other chemicals. It looks like a cigarette and allows smokers to inhale the nicotine vapor in places where smoking is not allowed. The product has been touted as a means to quit smoking as well. However, critics, especially the Food and Drug Administration, claim that "vaping" poses risks. In fact, the FDA claims its tests revealed a toxic chemical that is found in anti-freeze as well as other carcinogens. The FDA blocked a shipment of the product from China and banned the sale of this product in the United States. In addition to the safety issue, the FDA is concerned that children might be attracted to this product because they come in flavors other than traditional menthol, such as bubble gum, chocolate, and strawberry. The FDA wants this product to go through the same rigorous testing that drugs must go through before being marketed. However, the FDA's authority over this product is questioned. While Congress has recently given the FDA authority over tobacco products, this is not a tobacco product and the Electronic Cigarette Association is fighting the ban.NARRENDRefer to E-cigarettes. The e-cigarette has been heralded as an innovative product that serves a need for smokers by helping them quit the habit. This innovative product was developed from changes in which environment?a. demographicb. technologicalc. economicd. sociale. competitive

Q: NARRBEGIN: E-cigarettesE-cigarettesSmoking inflames non-smokers and claims the lives of more than 400,000 smokers each year, so the electronic cigarette is a welcomed alternative. Electronic cigarettes, called e-cigarettes, are battery-powered devices that emit a vapor from nicotine, flavorings, and other chemicals. It looks like a cigarette and allows smokers to inhale the nicotine vapor in places where smoking is not allowed. The product has been touted as a means to quit smoking as well. However, critics, especially the Food and Drug Administration, claim that "vaping" poses risks. In fact, the FDA claims its tests revealed a toxic chemical that is found in anti-freeze as well as other carcinogens. The FDA blocked a shipment of the product from China and banned the sale of this product in the United States. In addition to the safety issue, the FDA is concerned that children might be attracted to this product because they come in flavors other than traditional menthol, such as bubble gum, chocolate, and strawberry. The FDA wants this product to go through the same rigorous testing that drugs must go through before being marketed. However, the FDA's authority over this product is questioned. While Congress has recently given the FDA authority over tobacco products, this is not a tobacco product and the Electronic Cigarette Association is fighting the ban.NARRENDRefer to E-cigarettes. Marketers of the e-cigarette claim that they are not marketing the product to children, particularly because a starter kit costs over $100. Which economic factor are the marketers claiming will likely keep this product out of the hands of children?a. incomeb. inflationc. recessiond. purchasing powere. interest rates

Q: NARRBEGIN: E-cigarettesE-cigarettesSmoking inflames non-smokers and claims the lives of more than 400,000 smokers each year, so the electronic cigarette is a welcomed alternative. Electronic cigarettes, called e-cigarettes, are battery-powered devices that emit a vapor from nicotine, flavorings, and other chemicals. It looks like a cigarette and allows smokers to inhale the nicotine vapor in places where smoking is not allowed. The product has been touted as a means to quit smoking as well. However, critics, especially the Food and Drug Administration, claim that "vaping" poses risks. In fact, the FDA claims its tests revealed a toxic chemical that is found in anti-freeze as well as other carcinogens. The FDA blocked a shipment of the product from China and banned the sale of this product in the United States. In addition to the safety issue, the FDA is concerned that children might be attracted to this product because they come in flavors other than traditional menthol, such as bubble gum, chocolate, and strawberry. The FDA wants this product to go through the same rigorous testing that drugs must go through before being marketed. However, the FDA's authority over this product is questioned. While Congress has recently given the FDA authority over tobacco products, this is not a tobacco product and the Electronic Cigarette Association is fighting the ban.NARRENDRefer to E-cigarettes. In 1964, 42% of Americans smoked, but now that rate has dropped below 20%. Which environmental factor has had the greatest impact on this trend?a. technological factorsb. economic factorsc. competitive factorsd. demographic factorse. social factors

Q: NARRBEGIN: E-cigarettesE-cigarettesSmoking inflames non-smokers and claims the lives of more than 400,000 smokers each year, so the electronic cigarette is a welcomed alternative. Electronic cigarettes, called e-cigarettes, are battery-powered devices that emit a vapor from nicotine, flavorings, and other chemicals. It looks like a cigarette and allows smokers to inhale the nicotine vapor in places where smoking is not allowed. The product has been touted as a means to quit smoking as well. However, critics, especially the Food and Drug Administration, claim that "vaping" poses risks. In fact, the FDA claims its tests revealed a toxic chemical that is found in anti-freeze as well as other carcinogens. The FDA blocked a shipment of the product from China and banned the sale of this product in the United States. In addition to the safety issue, the FDA is concerned that children might be attracted to this product because they come in flavors other than traditional menthol, such as bubble gum, chocolate, and strawberry. The FDA wants this product to go through the same rigorous testing that drugs must go through before being marketed. However, the FDA's authority over this product is questioned. While Congress has recently given the FDA authority over tobacco products, this is not a tobacco product and the Electronic Cigarette Association is fighting the ban.NARRENDRefer to E-cigarettes. E-cigarette manufacturers claim they are not trying to sell this product to children. Rather, they are offering an alternative to combustible tobacco for committed smokers. These smokers comprise the manufacturers':a. target marketb. buying centerc. consumer clusterd. demographic samplee. mass market

Q: When many consumers think of adhesives, they think of 3M because it makes so many kinds of adhesives used in the home. However, the world's largest adhesive producer is Henkel Consumer Adhesive, maker of Loctite and Duct tape. 3M and Henkel are part of each other's _____ environment.a. competitiveb. economicc. sociald. marketing mixe. legal and political

Q: Abetta, Royal King, Kincade, EquiRoyal, and Amadeus are all manufacturers and marketers of Western-style saddles for horses. Thus, the manufacturers are _____ factors in each other's external environments. a. component lifestyle b. competitive c. economic d. social e. legal and regulatory

Q: Frito-Lay is considered the king of the salty snack industry with its distribution network of 42 plants, 12,800 delivery people, and more than 900 tractor trailers formed into a retail delivery powerhouse. Smaller manufacturers of salty snacks find that monitoring the activities of Frito-Lay is an effective way to monitor the _____ factors within their external environments.a. bureaucraticb. marketing mixc. competitived. sociale. demographic

Q: The number of firms a company must face, the relative size of these firms, and the degree of interdependence within the industry are all part of its _____ environment. a. demographic b. economic c. political d. competitive e. social

Q: When Miriam went to the specialist, she was asked to sign several official forms that the receptionist handed her so that her primary care doctor could be given the results of her medical examination. The law that requires her permission for the physician's office to hand out personal information about her is the result of legislation determined to: a. protect the channels of commerce b. restrict medical advertising c. eliminate health services from local jurisdiction d. protect consumers from identity theft e. penalize marketers for selling unwanted services

Q: The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act is an important law designed to: a. protect the channels of commerce b. restrict alcohol and tobacco advertising c. eliminate certain products from being advertised on children's television programs d. protect consumers from identity theft e. penalize marketers selling merchandise with counterfeit brand names

Q: When the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) uses the term "restitution," it means: a. all advertisements must be restored to a truthful, nondeceptive format b. refunds must be made to consumers who were misled by deceptive advertising c. a certain portion of the advertising budget must be allocated to advertisements that explain why previous ads were misleading d. the manufacturer must delete the offending product from its product mix e. new, corrected products must be sent to the consumers

Q: Sometimes the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) will require an advertiser to include in its advertisements additional information about the products being promoted. This is to clarify past statements the FTC believes were misleading or unfairly presented to consumers. This practice is called: a. nonfinancial restitution b. affirmative disclosure c. a mandated promotion d. corrective advertising e. a decree of consensus

Q: The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) accused Campbell Soup of deceptive advertising because the soup company's advertising showed bowls of soup that appeared to be full of meat, vegetables, and noodles. The appearance of the soup was altered by the placing of glass marbles in the bottom of the bowl, which caused the ingredients to rise to the top of the bowl. The FTC would have issued a(n) _____ to make Campbell stop running the deceptive ad. a. affirmation order b. cease-and-desist order c. order to remand the promotion d. order of cessation e. stopgap measure

Q: When the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issues a final directive to a firm to stop engaging in an activity the FTC considers illegal, this directive is a(n): a. order to remand b. stopgap measure c. order of cessation d. cease-and-desist order e. corrective action order

Q: All of the following are powers of the Federal Trade Commission EXCEPT: a. restitution b. corrective advertising c. corporal punishment d. consent decree e. cease-and-desist order

Q: The _____ is the federal government agency charged with enforcing regulations against selling and distributing adulterated, misbranded, or hazardous products of a specific type. a. Federal Trade Commission b. Consumer Product Protection Commission c. U.S. Justice Department d. Food and Drug Administration e. American Safety League

Q: Many people drink bottled water today, but one national brand of bottled water was not "spring-fresh" as advertised. The water actually came from a well located in the middle of an industrial warehouse facility and next to a industrial waste site. To which organization should the consumers who thought the advertising for the bottled water was misleading complain? a. Consumer Product Safety Commission b. Food and Drug Administration c. Federal Trade Commission d. Federal Communications Commission e. Consumer Protection Agency

Q: The _____ is an agency that prevents the use of unfair methods of competition in commerce. a. Federal Communications Commission b. Commerce Department c. Commission for Fair Trade d. Federal Trade Commission e. Sherman Antitrust Agency

Q: Alex purchased a battery-operated drill, and the first time he used the drill, the battery pack overheated and exploded. After Alex's trip to the emergency room, it was determined that the explosion was due to a problem with how the drill was manufactured. Alex would like to lodge a complaint about the poor quality of the drill's construction. To which federal agency should he complain? a. Labor Department b. Food and Drug Administration c. Federal Trade Commission d. Department of Trade e. Consumer Product Safety Commission

Q: _____ is a governmental body that has the power to prescribe mandatory safety standards for almost all products consumers use. a. Health and Welfare Agency b. Federal Trade Commission c. Food and Drug Administration d. Federal Communications Commission e. Consumer Product Safety Commission

Q: A cold medicine manufacturer offers a promotion allowance to retailers for setting up displays featuring its products. Retailers are also offered promotional allowances on purchases of the products. Which legislation requires the manufacturer to make these promotion allowances available to all retailers on a proportionately equal basis? a. Hart-Scott-Rodino Act b. Sherman Act c. Celler-Kefauver Antimerger Act d. Robinson-Patman Act e. Lanham Act

Q: The _____ Act strengthened the Clayton Act to prevent corporate acquisitions that reduce competition. a. Hart-Scott-Rodino b. Lanham-Scott c. Celler-Kefauver Antimerger d. Robinson-Patman e. Sherman

Q: China's new 5 percent tax on disposable wooden chopsticks, reflecting concerns about deforestation, has been praised by environmentalists. The move is hitting hard at the Japanese who consume 25 billion sets of wooden chopsticks annually. Almost all of the chopsticks used in Japan come from China. The requirement for Chinese manufacturers of wooden chopsticks to pay the 5 percent tax is a _____ factor in their external environment. a. competitive b. social c. demographic d. technological e. legal

Q: One of the results of the Americans with Disabilities Act is an increase in the numbers of disabled travelers. Publications like Emerging Horizons, a California-based, 25,000-circulation magazine focus on accessible travel, and businesses, such as Mobility Challenged Vacations Ltd., see that disabled tourists are a growing market. One can argue the increase in tourism by the disabled was due to: a. controllable elements within corporate structures b. legal forces that changed the attractiveness of vacation options c. macroeconomic conditions that made U.S. destinations more competitive relative to international spots d. a shift in regulatory controls from the public sector to the private sector e. competitive forces that changed how disabled tourists perceive vacations

Q: Every night Universal Studios Japan hosts a fireworks display. The theme park recently came under government investigation when allegations were made that the park was detonating more than 50 pounds of explosives in its nightly fireworks displays. In the small nation, the use of explosives is stringently controlled. This is an example of how _____ factors can influence a business. a. competitive b. legal and political c. economic d. technological e. cultural

Q: When Universal Studios Japan opened, health inspectors discovered the theme park had piped industrial use water not suitable for drinking into its drinking fountains. The problem was unanticipated and costly to repair. This is primarily an example of how _____ factors can cause a business to incur unexpected costs. a. social b. economic c. competitive d. cultural e. political and legal

Q: Laws and regulations of various governments and their ongoing development and change are an example of _____ factors that are part of all organizations' external environment. a. economic investment b. political and legal c. research and development d. competitive e. demographic

Q: Which of the following was ranked as the world's most innovative company? a. 3M b. Intel c. Apple d. Wal-Mart e. Procter & Gamble

Q: A marketing researcher is conducting a focus group interview with a group of working mothers to learn how Kraft can better meet their needs for convenience foods. What type of research does this represent? a. basic b. applied c. secondary d. synergistic e. idiosyncratic

Q: Which type of research attempts to develop new or improved products? a. basic b. synergistic c. secondary d. primary e. applied

Q: Juan is a marketing professor researching consumer decision-making processes. Specifically, he is examining if including a picture in a print advertisement is more effective than not including a picture in influencing readers' attitude toward the advertisement and brand advertised. He is not researching any specific brand, but rather he is interested in testing Dual Coding theory that predicts that pictures will have a more positive impact on attitudes. Juan is conducting _____ research. a. secondary b. basic c. applied d. complex e. synergistic

Q: Which type of research is also called pure research and attempts to expand the frontiers of knowledge but is not aimed at a specific, pragmatic problem? a. applied b. basic c. primary d. secondary e. synergistic

Q: The two types of research are: a. basic and applied b. primary and secondary c. profit and not-for-profit d. domestic and global e. basic and advanced

Q: Almost any product in India, from tap water to milk, has traces of toxins due to the overuse and misuse of insecticides by Indian farmers, but the government expects multinational corporations (MNCs) operating in India to produce food that is toxin-free. In this way both _____ factors influence the operating environment for foreign firms. a. social and technological b. legal and technological c. economic and legal d. economic and social e. technological and demographic

Q: Commercial truck drivers have really suffered financially as a result of increasing diesel fuel. As they look for ways to make their trucks perform more efficiently, manufacturers have created truck body designs that are more aerodynamically sound. This is an example of how _____ factors can help during recessionary periods. a. technological b. competitive c. economic d. cultural e. demographic

Q: In the future, electrical power may come from quantum nucleonics, a form of nuclear power that produces no residual radiation. The ability to use this form of power will require equipment adaptations, but it will solve the world's need for clean and efficient power. When quantum nucleonics is developed, it will be an example of how _____ factors can affect an organization. a. technological b. competitive c. economic d. cultural e. demographic

Q: Blogs created by consumers can be used to assess customer attitudes toward new products as well as customer perceptions of new products. Marketers' ability to search for key words used in the blogs is an example of a change in the _____ factor of the external environment. a. psychographic b. technological c. competitive d. demographic e. economic

Q: All of the following are appropriate tactics for marketers to use during a time of economic recession EXCEPT: a. promote product value b. maintain and improve customer services c. reduce prices d. reduce inventories e. increase price

Q: Shabby Chic fashion boutique has responded to economic trends by placing an emphasis on improving the quality of merchandise it offers, improving customer service, and reducing its cost of goods sold because consumers are not shopping as much as they used to due to lower purchasing power. Shabby Chic is apparently dealing with which level of economic activity? a. stagflation b. recession c. inflation d. stagnation e. distension

Q: How do supporters of corporate social responsibility respond to its critics?

Q: Describe the pyramid of corporate social responsibility and include a description of its components.

Q: For every home built by Habitat for Humanity, Whirlpool Corporation has given and continues to give free kitchen appliances to the deserving family. At first Whirlpool gave the appliances with no promotion, then Whirlpool began talking about its philanthropy in its advertising campaigns. Is this unethical behavior according to the pyramid of social responsibility?

Q: The newest theory in social responsibility is called sustainability. Explain what this means.

Q: You are an ethics consultant, and a group of managers has asked you for some guidelines to determine the ethicality of a decision. You tell the managers that one cannot guarantee the rightness of a decision, but a checklist can improve the chances of a decision being ethical. What are six questions you would tell the managers to put on this checklist?

Q: List three ways an organization will benefit from the development and use of a code of ethics.

Q: A recent study of marketing professionals found their ethical judgments were influenced by several factors. List four of these factors. How do these factors contribute to the ethical environment of a marketing organization?

Q: List and describe the three levels of ethical development.

Q: Explain what is meant by the statement, "Moral relativists believe in time-and-place ethics."

Q: Define utilitarianism and its two types. How does this theory differ from the casuist ethical theory?

Q: Define the deontological ethical theory and describe a person that adheres to this theory of ethics.

Q: List the six modes of social control.

Q: Refer to Drug Marketing. If a drug manufacturer donated $5 to AIDS research for every prescription sold in the United States, this would be an example of:a. utilitarianismb. moral relativismc. cause-related marketingd. green marketinge. conventional morality

Q: NARRBEGIN: Drug MarketingDrug MarketingPharmaceutical companies spent $4.4 billion on prescription drug advertising in 2008, mostly on television and in magazines. While the Internet is becoming a more prominent medium to reach consumers and is the primary source used to seek health information, these companies spent less than $130 million on Web marketing. One reason is that there are no guidelines, which makes these heavily-regulated marketers uneasy. For example, television commercials for prescription drugs must include disclosures regarding the major side effects if the brand name is mentioned in the ad. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) claims that existing regulations address many of the Internet advertising issues, but other aspects of Web marketing, such as social networking and search marketing, must be reviewed. That's why the FDA hearings on this issue were attended by pharmaceutical giants and Web companies like Google, Yahoo, and WebMD Health.NARRENDRefer to Drug Marketing. If a drug manufacturer claimed that its manufacturing processes were environmentally-friendly in its advertising, this is an example of:a. sustenance marketingb. green marketingc. philanthropyd. deontological marketinge. clean marketing

Q: NARRBEGIN: Drug MarketingDrug MarketingPharmaceutical companies spent $4.4 billion on prescription drug advertising in 2008, mostly on television and in magazines. While the Internet is becoming a more prominent medium to reach consumers and is the primary source used to seek health information, these companies spent less than $130 million on Web marketing. One reason is that there are no guidelines, which makes these heavily-regulated marketers uneasy. For example, television commercials for prescription drugs must include disclosures regarding the major side effects if the brand name is mentioned in the ad. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) claims that existing regulations address many of the Internet advertising issues, but other aspects of Web marketing, such as social networking and search marketing, must be reviewed. That's why the FDA hearings on this issue were attended by pharmaceutical giants and Web companies like Google, Yahoo, and WebMD Health.NARRENDRefer to Drug Marketing. Which level of the pyramid of social responsibility is most relevant to this situation in which the drug companies want to ensure that they are "playing by the rules"?a. legal responsibilitiesb. ethical responsibilitiesc. philanthropic responsibilitiesd. economic responsibilitiese. standard responsibilities

Q: NARRBEGIN: Drug MarketingDrug MarketingPharmaceutical companies spent $4.4 billion on prescription drug advertising in 2008, mostly on television and in magazines. While the Internet is becoming a more prominent medium to reach consumers and is the primary source used to seek health information, these companies spent less than $130 million on Web marketing. One reason is that there are no guidelines, which makes these heavily-regulated marketers uneasy. For example, television commercials for prescription drugs must include disclosures regarding the major side effects if the brand name is mentioned in the ad. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) claims that existing regulations address many of the Internet advertising issues, but other aspects of Web marketing, such as social networking and search marketing, must be reviewed. That's why the FDA hearings on this issue were attended by pharmaceutical giants and Web companies like Google, Yahoo, and WebMD Health.NARRENDRefer Drug Marketing. Drug manufacturers are hesitant to make full use of the Internet as an advertising medium because they are comparing the regulations imposed on their advertising in other media, such as television. Which ethical theory does this illustrate?a. casuistb. utilitarianismc. moral relativismd. deontologye. social responsibility

Q: NARRBEGIN: Drug MarketingDrug MarketingPharmaceutical companies spent $4.4 billion on prescription drug advertising in 2008, mostly on television and in magazines. While the Internet is becoming a more prominent medium to reach consumers and is the primary source used to seek health information, these companies spent less than $130 million on Web marketing. One reason is that there are no guidelines, which makes these heavily-regulated marketers uneasy. For example, television commercials for prescription drugs must include disclosures regarding the major side effects if the brand name is mentioned in the ad. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) claims that existing regulations address many of the Internet advertising issues, but other aspects of Web marketing, such as social networking and search marketing, must be reviewed. That's why the FDA hearings on this issue were attended by pharmaceutical giants and Web companies like Google, Yahoo, and WebMD Health.NARRENDRefer Drug Marketing. Which mode of social control is likely causing the relatively small expenditures on Web marketing by pharmaceutical companies?a. ethicsb. lawsc. mediad. civil societye. informal groups

Q: NARRBEGIN: Florida HospitalsFlorida HospitalsA group of hospital administrators in Florida were discussing the amount of resources used to care for patients that were illegal immigrants and had no medical insurance. One man discussed how his hospital had spent over $2 million on one illegal immigrant who had no family or friends and who was not getting better. Another administrator stated that his hospital was losing $20 million annually in order to provide care for the influx of illegal immigrants into the state. After a great deal of discussion, it was determined that there was probably nothing anyone of them could do about the situation, and that each of them had very definite ideas about how to deal with the problems.NARRENDRefer to Florida Hospitals. In order to make an ethical decision on how to handle uninsured illegal immigrants, the Florida hospital administrators must consider all of the following EXCEPT:a. social consensusb. number of people affected by the decisionc. probability of harmful outcome to the hospital and to the individualsd. magnitude of moralitye. length of time between decision and the onset of consequence

Q: NARRBEGIN: Florida HospitalsFlorida HospitalsA group of hospital administrators in Florida were discussing the amount of resources used to care for patients that were illegal immigrants and had no medical insurance. One man discussed how his hospital had spent over $2 million on one illegal immigrant who had no family or friends and who was not getting better. Another administrator stated that his hospital was losing $20 million annually in order to provide care for the influx of illegal immigrants into the state. After a great deal of discussion, it was determined that there was probably nothing anyone of them could do about the situation, and that each of them had very definite ideas about how to deal with the problems.NARRENDRefer to Florida Hospitals. In another conversation, one of the administrators said, "I think the decision to care for the illegals should be based on an individual choice. Certainly, I would want to care for a working man who is supporting six children, but I am inclined to think that if the man has no income and shows no desire to provide for himself, then he should not become a burden to the hospital." This thinking is indicative of the _____ ethical theory.a. act utilitarianismb. casuistc. role utilitarianismd. moral relativisme. deontological

Q: NARRBEGIN: Florida HospitalsFlorida HospitalsA group of hospital administrators in Florida were discussing the amount of resources used to care for patients that were illegal immigrants and had no medical insurance. One man discussed how his hospital had spent over $2 million on one illegal immigrant who had no family or friends and who was not getting better. Another administrator stated that his hospital was losing $20 million annually in order to provide care for the influx of illegal immigrants into the state. After a great deal of discussion, it was determined that there was probably nothing anyone of them could do about the situation, and that each of them had very definite ideas about how to deal with the problems.NARRENDRefer to Florida Hospitals. One older administrator talked about an early job in Africa where the hospital had been flooded with refugees. He said, "The hospital was short resources for awhile, but the government stepped up and helped. We were able to get up-to-date equipment because officials saw we had a need. I believe the rest of you administrators need to be more patient." In suggesting patience, this administrator was basing his thinking on the _____ ethical theory.a. act utilitarianismb. casuistc. role utilitarianismd. moral relativitye. deontological

Q: NARRBEGIN: Florida HospitalsFlorida HospitalsA group of hospital administrators in Florida were discussing the amount of resources used to care for patients that were illegal immigrants and had no medical insurance. One man discussed how his hospital had spent over $2 million on one illegal immigrant who had no family or friends and who was not getting better. Another administrator stated that his hospital was losing $20 million annually in order to provide care for the influx of illegal immigrants into the state. After a great deal of discussion, it was determined that there was probably nothing anyone of them could do about the situation, and that each of them had very definite ideas about how to deal with the problems.NARRENDRefer to Florida Hospitals. One administrator said, "If we were not forced to care for the illegal immigrants who have no resources and could empty our hospital beds of them, we could provide much better care for those law-abiding patients who have insurance." Because she believes in benefiting as many people as possible, she more than likely adheres to the _____ ethical theory.a. utilitarianismb. casuistc. virtue ethicsd. moral relativitye. deontological