Q&A Hero

Q: The report format is a standard outline that marketing research reports use as a guide to make sure that the key elements are presented in a logical and usable order.

Q: Only research reports that are customized for the project it represents can be formally called "research reports."

Q: Multicollinearity in regression analysis refers to the extent to which the independent variables are redundant.

Q: If the purpose of the regression analysis is forecasting, then standardized regression estimates must be used.

Q: In regression, the standardized Y-intercept term is always 1.

Q: In most business research, the estimate of ain a regression equation is most important.

Q: Multiple regression analysis includes a single independent variable but several dependent variables.

Q: The general linear model is a way of explaining and predicting a dependent variable based on fluctuations (variation) from its mean, with the fluctuations due to changes in independent variables.

Q: The business spreadsheet software, Excel, is capable of running statistical analyses.

Q: The F-test partitions the total variance into within-group variance and between-group variance.

Q: The total mean is the mean of a variable over all observations.

Q: The null hypothesis for an ANOVA test comparing the means of three groups is: m1 m2 m3.

Q: A Z-test for differences of proportions requires a sample size greater than 100.

Q: A paired-sample t-test is an appropriate test for comparing the scores of two interval variables drawn from related populations.

Q: A t-test is not appropriate and should not be used when the sample size is greater than 30.

Q: The reason that means that appear to be not so close could be concluded to be statistically the same is due to the variance.

Q: The t-test assumes that the two population means are equal.

Q: The first basic step in interpreting t-test results is to find the p-value associated with a particular tand the corresponding degrees of freedom.

Q: When no direction of a relationship is stated in the hypothesis, a one-tailed test is appropriate.

Q: In practice, computer software is used to compute thet-test results.

Q: The degrees of freedom are calculated as d.f. = n -1when using the t-test for comparing two means.

Q: A pooled estimate of the standard error is a better estimate of the standard error than one based on the variance from either sample.

Q: Thet-test for comparing the means of two groups assumes that the data are in nominal scales.

Q: The independent samples t-test tests the differences between means taken from two independent samples or groups.

Q: The chi-square test requires that the expected frequency in each cell of the contingency table be at least 30.

Q: To use the chi-square test, both variables in a 2 x 2 contingency table must be measured on a ratio scale.

Q: The chi-square test requires the researcher to compare the observed frequencies of the groups with the expected frequencies of the groups.

Q: One way to test the significance of contingency tables is by means of the t-test.

Q: A cross-tabulation is a simple way to describe the relationships between two groups.

Q: The type of measurement, the nature of the comparison, and the number of groups to be compared influence the statistical choice.

Q: If a researcher is interested in whether adult males purchase a product more frequently than adult females, this is an example of univariate statistics.

Q: Tests are bivariate tests of differences when they involve only two variables: a variable that acts like a dependent variable and a variable that acts as a classification variable.

Q: List the steps in interpreting a multiple regression model.

Q: Discuss the pros and cons of raw regression estimates and standardized regression estimates and discuss when each is appropriate.

Q: List at least three software programs discussed in the chapter that can be used to conduct statistical analyses.

Q: What is ANOVA and when is it the appropriate statistical technique? What test is used to determine significance? Give an example of a research question that can be analyzed using ANOVA.

Q: Explain what a Z-test for comparing two proportions is and the appropriate hypothesis.

Q: Discuss when a paired-samples t-test is appropriate and give an example of when it should be used.

Q: List the practical steps for interpreting t-test results.

Q: Explain what an independent samples t-test is and the null hypothesis examine.

Q: A researcher has data on viewers' responses regarding what company sponsored the Super Bowl half-time show for the past two years and has coded it "1" if the response was correct and "0" if not. He would like to examine if there is a statistical difference in correct answers between the two years. Explain what statistical test is appropriate to address this research question.

Q: Discuss the factors that influence the statistical choice. If a researcher is examining factors that influence an automobile's gas mileage, which statistical tool (or tools) is appropriate?

Q: The first step in interpreting a multiple regression model is to examine the _____.

Q: The test for the statistical significance of the regression model is the ____ test.

Q: Researchers how want to make forecasts should use _____ regression coefficients.

Q: Researchers who want to compare regression results should use _____.

Q: In a regression equation, the slope of the regression line is denoted by the symbol ______.

Q: The regression parameter that represents the height of the regression line relative to horizontal is _____.

Q: Multivariate dependence techniques are variants of the _____.

Q: SPSS and SAS are examples of _____.

Q: The F-test partitions total variance into ______ variance and ______ variance.

Q: The statistical test for an ANOVA model is the ______.

Q: The sum of differences between the group mean and the grand mean summed over all groups for a given set of observations is called _____ variance.

Q: The _____ is the mean of a variable over all observations.

Q: _____ is the appropriate statistical tool to use when comparing the means of three or more groups to see if they are significantly different from one another.

Q: An appropriate test for comparing the scores of two interval variables drawn from related populations is the _____.

Q: One way to interpret the meaning of the results of the t-test is to focus on the ________ and the group means.

Q: In using the t-test to compare the difference between the means of two groups, the formula for determining the degrees of freedom is ______.

Q: When a researcher needs to compare means for a variable grouped into two categories based on some less-than interval variable, a(n) _____ test is appropriate.

Q: The formula for determining the degrees of freedom for a chi-square test is ______.

Q: The ______ test studies the significance of a contingency table.

Q: A test of a hypothesis to determine if two groups differ with respect to the scores on one variable is called a(n) ______.

Q: The statistical significance of a regression model is determined using which test? a. t-test b. c2 c. F-test d. Z-test

Q: Lance is studying the relationship between sales training of the sales force and customer satisfaction and loyalty. When researchers like Lance are focused on explanation rather than prediction, then which of the following is most appropriate when using simple regression? a. standardized regression coefficient (b) b. Y-intercept a c. c2 d. raw parameter estimates

Q: Which of the following is most appropriate if the purpose of the regression analysis is forecasting? a. standardized regression coefficient (b) b. Y-intercept a c. coefficient of determination (R2) d. raw parameter estimates

Q: Which of the following provides a common metric allowing regression results to be compared to one another no matter what the original scale range may have been? a. standardized regression coefficient (b) b. c2 c. coefficient of determination (R2) d. raw parameter estimates

Q: If the regression equation is: Y = 24.35 - 14.2 X , then 24.35 is the ______ , while -14.2 is the ______. a. slope; y-intercept b. independent variable; slope c. dependent variable; y-intercept d. y-intercept; slope

Q: In the regression equation, Y = a+ b X, ais the symbol for the _____. a. slope of the regression line b. y-intercept of the regression line c. dependent variable d. independent variable

Q: In the regression equation, Y = a+ b X , bis the _____. a. y-intercept b. independent variable c. slope of the regression line d. dependent variable

Q: In the regression equation, Y = a+ b X, Yis the _____. a. dependent variable b. slope c. independent variable d. y-intercept

Q: In regression analysis, the symbol Xis commonly used for the ______ variable, and the symbol Yis commonly used for the ______ variable. a. dependent; moderating b. independent; dependent c. dependent; independent d. independent; moderating

Q: When a researcher is attempting to predict sales volume by using building permits, amount of advertising, and the income levels of residents, the researcher is using _____. a. univariate analysis b. a chi-square analysis c. multiple regression analysis d. factor analysis

Q: Multivariate dependence techniques are variants of the _____, which is a way of modeling some process based on how different variables cause fluctuations from the average dependent variable. a. ordinary linear model (OLM) b. weighted average model (WAM) c. general linear model (GLM) d. metric scaling model (MSM)

Q: All of the following are software that researchers can use to perform statistical calculations EXCEPT _____. a. Excel b. SAS c. ANOVA d. JMP

Q: Practically speaking, what is the first thing a researcher should do when interpreting ANOVA results? a. examine the actual means for each group b. determine the between-groups variance c. examine the total variance d. check whether or not the overall model Fis significant

Q: The F-distribution is a function of _____. a. SSB - SSE b. SSE - SSB c. SSB/SSE d. SSE/SSB

Q: The key statistical test for an ANOVA model is the _____. a. c2test b. t-test c. F-test d. Z-test

Q: The sum of the differences between observed values and the group mean for a given set of observations is known as the _____. a. within-group error b. between-groups variance c. F-ratio d. gstatistic

Q: Which of the following is the sum of differences between the group mean and the grand mean summed over all groups for a given set of observations? a. between-groups variance b. total error variance c. F-statistic d. c2value

Q: The mean of a variable over all observations is called the _____. a. master mean b. average mean c. grand mean d. ANOVA mean