Q&A Hero

Q: Which of the following is the symbol for the sample standard deviation? a. S b. m2 c. s d. s2

Q: Find the approximate standard deviation of the following set of scores: 3, 6, 2, 7, 8 . a. 2.24 b. 2.59 c. 3.32 d. 6.70

Q: The following formula is the formula for calculating the ______ . a. standard error of the mean b. standard deviation c. standard normal distribution d. variance

Q: Which of the following eliminates the drawback of having the measure of dispersion in squared units rather than in the original measurement units? a. standard deviation b. variance c. deviation d. mean

Q: The formula below is the formula for the ______ . a. standard deviation b. standard error of the mean c. standard error of the proportion d. variance

Q: If the average units produced in a month by a Ford Motor Co. plant for Ford Explorers is 22, but only 18 Explorers are produced on a given day in that same month, the deviation score for this one day is _____. a. +4 b. -4 c. 40 d. 2

Q: If the price of a product ranges from $59 to $179, the range of these prices is _____ a. $238 b. $60 c. $120 d. $179

Q: Which of the following is a measure of dispersion? a. mean b. proportion c. range d. all of these choices

Q: Find the mode of the following scores: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 7 a. 3.86 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6

Q: The measure of central tendency that identifies the value that occurs most often is called the _____. a. mean b. median c. mode d. range

Q: Find the median of the following scores: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 7 a. 3.86 b. 4 c. 6 d. 27

Q: The value below which half the values in a distribution fall is the _____. a. mean b. median c. mode d. range

Q: Find the mean score of the following set of scores: 2, 5, 7, 4, 8 . a. 4.8 b. 5.2 c. 7 d. 26

Q: The formula below is used to calculate the _______ . a. mode of a sample b. median of a sample c. sample mean d. range of a sample

Q: The arithmetic average of a set of numbers is referred to as the _____. a. proportion b. mode c. mean d. median

Q: Which of the following is a measure of the central tendency of a set of scores? a. mode b. median c. mean d. all of these choices

Q: Which of the following refers to the proportion of respondents who choose the most positive choice in a multiple choice question? a. heteroskedasticity b. mode c. median d. top-box score

Q: If 206 people in a sample of 560 people say that they "liked a product" that they purchased during a test market study in Cincinnati, the proportion of people in this study who said that they liked this product was about _____. a. 0.40 b. 0.37 c. 0.56 d. 2.71

Q: The percentage of elements that meet some criterion is called a(n) _____. a. top-box score b. distribution c. proportion d. range

Q: _____ is the long-run relative frequency with which an event will occur. a. Probability b. Central tendency c. Estimation d. Deviation

Q: Hank has developed a set of data organized by summarizing the values resulting from rolling a pair of die. He constructed a table of his data and found that five was the most common result. This is an example of a _____. a. population parameter b. mean c. frequency distribution d. median

Q: A set of data organized by summarizing the number of times a particular value of a variable occurs is referred to as a(n) _____. a. inference table b. frequency distribution c. probability sample d. sample summary

Q: Measures computed from sample data are called _____. a. sample statistics b. population parameters c. sample frequencies d. normalized scores

Q: When a researcher wants to estimate national market share based on the results of the test market for a new product in St. Louis and Kansas City, this is an example of _____. a. descriptive statistics b. the central limit theorem c. inferential statistics d. the standardized normal distribution

Q: In most cases, the size of the population does not have a major effect on the sample size.

Q: The variance, or heterogeneity, of the population refers to the standard deviation of the population.

Q: Three factors are required to specify sample size: (1) the variance of the population; (2) the population mean; and (3) the confidence level.

Q: The confidence interval increases as the sample size, n, increases.

Q: A researcher must calculate the population mean to calculate the confidence intervals.

Q: A common practice in marketing research is to use the 75 percent confidence interval about the mean in research studies.

Q: A confidence range is a specified range of numbers within which a population mean is expected to lie.

Q: A point estimate is an estimate of the population mean in the form of a single value.

Q: "As sample size increases, the distribution of sample means of samples of size n (when randomly selected) approaches a normal distribution" is a fundamental assumption of the central-limit theorem.

Q: A frequency distribution of a sample is called a probability distribution.

Q: The standardized value of Z is computed by the formula: Z = (X - m)/s.

Q: The standardized normal distribution is a purely theoretical probability distribution and is of little use in inferential statistics.

Q: The standardized normal distribution has a mean of 1.0 and a standard deviation of zero.

Q: One hundred percent of the scores in a normal distribution fall within plus or minus two standard deviations of the mean.

Q: The normal distribution is represented by the normal curve.

Q: The standard deviation eliminates the drawback of having the measure of dispersion in squared units rather than the original measurement units.

Q: The average deviation score is frequently used in marketing research studies.

Q: If between 125 and 150 units of a product have been produced each day during the past month, the range of this production is 150 units.

Q: The mode is the measure of central tendency that identifies the value that occurs most often.

Q: The midpoint of a distribution, above which and below which half of the scores fall, is called the mode.

Q: The mean is simply the arithmetic average.

Q: A top-box score refers to the top quartile of responses.

Q: Percentage frequency is the long-run relative frequency with which an event will occur.

Q: Population parameters are measured characteristics of a specific population.

Q: The primary purpose of inferential statistics is to make a judgment about a population.

Q: All of the following are advantages of quota sampling over probability sampling EXCEPT ____. a. lower cost b. convenience c. speed of data collection d. lower error

Q: When the head of the marketing research department instructs field interviewers to interview parents at a soccer tournament such that they each interview 10 truck owners, 10 SUV owners, 8 sedan owners, and 4 owners of sports cars, this represents what type of sampling procedure? a. systematic sample b. quota sample c. area sample d. multistage sample

Q: When a marketing vice-president tells the marketing department to schedule a test market in Dallas because he feels that this city is "typical" of the composition of the target market for a new product nationally, this is an example of what type of sample? a. judgment sample b. area sample c. cluster sample d. convenience sample

Q: Which of the following is a nonprobability sampling technique in which an experienced individual selects the sample based on his or her judgment about some appropriate characteristics required of the sample member? a. area sample b. subjective sample c. stratified sample d. judgment sample

Q: When a local television station sends a crew to interview joggers in the city park on a beautiful spring day, this represents what type of sample? a. cluster sample b. multistage area sample c. systematic sample d. convenience sample

Q: When a researcher uses students to participate in a study because he has easy access to them, what type of sampling procedure does this represent? a. judgment sample b. systematic sample c. snowball sample d. convenience sample

Q: In which type of sampling does every element in the population have a known, nonzero probability of selection? a. absolute sampling b. relative sampling c. nonprobability sampling d. probability sampling

Q: Claire has agreed to participate in surveys online. Every few weeks, she is sent an email requesting her to participate in an online survey. What did Claire do to become involved in these research studies? a. opted out b. opted in c. randomized herself d. met a quota

Q: Internet surveys probably should remain active for a minimum of _____ hours. a. 5 b. 12 c. 24 d. 48

Q: Which type of sampling error is primarily due to the nature of a study's design and the correctness of execution? a. random sampling error b. systematic sampling error c. primary sampling error d. secondary sampling error

Q: As sample size ______ , random sampling error ______. a. increases; increases b. decreases; decreases c. increases; decreases d. increase; remains unchanged

Q: The difference between the sample result and the result of an accurate census is called _____. a. random sampling error b. systematic sampling error c. primary sampling error d. secondary sampling error

Q: If Delta Airlines selects randomly a set of 40 flights on a given day, and then selects randomly a group of ten passengers on each of these flights to participate in an in-flight survey, the passengers are _____. a. PSU b. census c. systematic samples d. secondary sampling units

Q: A single element or group of elements that is eligible for selection via the sampling process is called a _____. a. sampling panel b. sampling unit c. sampling error d. sampling quota

Q: Janet has agreed to participate in online research studies. She signed up to receive emails inviting her to participate in various applied research studies, such as the one that asked her questions about dinner preparation. Janet is part of a(n) _____. a. stratum b. cluster c. online panel d. scanner panel

Q: Lists of respondents who have agreed to participate in marketing research along with the e-mail contact information for these individuals are called _____. a. interactive samples b. online panels c. perpetual samples d. e-samples

Q: A telephone directory that lists the people in the phone book by their street address instead of by their last name is called a _____. a. snowball directory b. inverse directory c. reverse directory d. sampling frame directory

Q: Which type of error occurs when certain sample elements are excluded or when the entire population is not accurately represented in the sampling frame? a. Type I error b. sampling frame error c. statistical error d. list error

Q: When a researcher wants to study the members of the American Marketing Association and selects a sample from its membership list, the membership list is an example of a _____. a. reverse directory b. sampling frame c. systematic sampling list d. census

Q: A list of elements from which the sample may be drawn is called a _____. a. parameter list b. probability sample c. population parameter d. sampling frame

Q: All of the following are stages in the selection of a sample EXCEPT _____. a. analyze data b. select a sampling frame c. determine sample size d. conduct fieldwork

Q: When a researcher has made the decision to conduct a survey using a sample of the population, the FIRST step in the selection of the sample is to _____. a. define the target population b. determine the sample size c. select the actual sampling units d. select a sampling frame

Q: All of the following are reasons for using a sample EXCEPT _____. a. complete enumeration b. pragmatic reasons c. accurate and reliable results d. destruction of test units

Q: When a company decides to send an Internet survey to all of its 127-member sales force to determine their morale, this is an example of a _____ a. cluster sample b. multistage area sample c. census d. sample

Q: An investigation of all the individual elements that make up a population is called a(n)_____. a. enumeration b. census c. sample d. stratum

Q: Which of the following refers to any complete group whose members share some common set of characteristics? a. sample b. population c. stratum d. cluster

Q: A(n) _____ is a subset, or some part, of a larger population. a. slice b. census c. element d. sample

Q: The degree of accuracy required in sampling may vary form project to project.

Q: Multistage area sampling is a cluster sampling approach involving multiple steps.

Q: An area sample is the most popular type of stratified sample.

Q: Stratified samples can be proportional or disproportional.