Q&A Hero

Q: In stratified sampling a subsample is drawn using judgment sampling within each stratum.

Q: Systematic sampling is a type of true random selection procedure.

Q: A sampling procedure ensuring that each element in the population will have an equal chance of being included in the sample is called simple random sampling.

Q: Randomness characterizes a procedure whose outcome cannot be predicted because it depends on chance.

Q: Snowball sampling involves using probability methods for an initial selection of respondents and then obtaining additional respondents through information provided by the initial respondents.

Q: Judgment sampling ensures that various subgroups of a population will be represented on pertinent characteristics.

Q: A convenience sample is a type of probability sampling method.

Q: Website Internet surveys use unrestricted samples.

Q: Systematic errors are due to chance fluctuations.

Q: As sample size decreases, random sampling error decreases.

Q: A primary sampling unit (PSU) is a unit selected in the first stage of sampling.

Q: The availability of sampling frames is fairly consistent around the world.

Q: A reverse directory provides, in a different format, the same information contained in a telephone directory.

Q: List brokers rent lists of names, addresses, phone numbers, and e-mail addresses of specific populations.

Q: The sampling frame is also called the "working population."

Q: A list of all of the members of the San Diego chapter of Notre Dame alumni is an example of a sampling frame.

Q: The first stage in the selection of a sample is to determine the sampling frame.

Q: A bigger sample is needed if the elements of the population are quite diverse compared to if the elements of the population are quite similar.

Q: A poll is an investigation of all the individual elements that make up the population.

Q: A census is any complete group whose members share some common set of characteristics.

Q: Sampling involves using a small number of people in the target market to make conclusions about the entire target market population.

Q: Discuss the criteria researchers consider when deciding on the most appropriate sample design for a specific project.

Q: Name and describe the types of probability sampling.

Q: Name and describe the types of nonprobability sampling.

Q: Compare and contrast random sampling error and systematic (nonsampling) error. How does the researcher minimize these errors?

Q: A smartphone manufacturer is conducting research regarding how smartphones are used in business. Apply the stages the researcher should go through in the selection of a sample for this research study.

Q: Explain reasons for taking a sample rather than a complete census.

Q: A combination of two or more probability sampling techniques is called a(n) _____ sample.

Q: A stratified sample in which the number of sampling units drawn from each stratum is in proportion to the population size of that stratum is called a(n) _____ stratified sample.

Q: In _____ sampling, a subsample is drawn using simple random sampling within each stratum.

Q: The sampling procedure in which a starting point is selected by a random process and then every nth number on the list is selected is called _____ sampling.

Q: Writing the names of the students in a class on separate sheets of paper, shuffling them thoroughly, and then drawing five names "out of a hat," is a type of ______ sample.

Q: When initial subjects are selected randomly and additional subjects are obtained from recommendations of names from the initial subjects, this is a(n) ______ sampling technique.

Q: _____ sampling is a nonprobability sampling procedure that ensures that various subgroups of a population will be represented on pertinent characteristics to the exact extent that the investigator desires.

Q: When subjects are selected for a research study using judgment sampling, this represents a type of ______ sampling procedure.

Q: The sampling procedure of obtaining those people or units that are most conveniently available is called _____ sampling.

Q: In _____ sampling, every element in the population has a known, nonzero probability of selection.

Q: When an Internet user gives permission to Southwest Airlines to e-mail him special price promotions as they are announced, the user has decided to ______for this type of database communication.

Q: When a research study has been poorly designed, it suffers from ______ error.

Q: The difference between the results of a sample and the results of a census that is conducted with identical procedures is called ______ error.

Q: A unit that is selected in the first of several stages of sampling is called the ______.

Q: A(n) _____ consists of a list of e-mail addresses of individuals who have agreed to participate in research surveys.

Q: When a telephone book database is re-arranged so that it is organized by phone number, instead of by last name, this type of database is a type of ______ directory.

Q: An error that occurs when certain sample elements are not listed or are not accurately represented in a sampling frame is called _____ error.

Q: When a researcher conducts personal interviews with 100 percent of the salespeople within his organization, this type of study is a type of ______ study.

Q: All of the retail stores nationwide of Sears Roebuck and Co. are the ______ of Sears' stores.

Q: A small number of people who are a subset of the population of interest are known as a(n) ______ of the population.

Q: All of the following are common sampling criteria EXCEPT _____. a. degree of accuracy required b. size of the population c. resources available d. time available to conduct the research

Q: If a national political pollster selects ten states randomly, then randomly selects five counties within each state, then randomly selects five voting precincts within these counties, then randomly selects five blocks within these precincts, then randomly selects five households for door-to-door interviews about their voting intentions in the next Presidential election, this is an example of what type of sampling procedure? a. simple random sample b. multistage area sample c. systematic sample d. nonprobability sample

Q: Which sampling technique is an economically efficient sampling technique in which the primary sampling unit is not the individual element in the population but a large cluster of elements? a. cluster sampling b. stratified sampling c. grouped sampling d. homogeneous sampling

Q: If a researcher for Procter & Gamble selects five states randomly, and then selects 10 supermarket chains within each of these states to call for a phone survey for research regarding a new shampoo, what type of sampling procedure is being used? a. systematic sample b. simple random sample c. nonprobability sample d. cluster sample

Q: A stratified sample in which the sample size for each stratum is allocated according to analytical considerations is called a(n) _____. a. disproportional stratified sample b. unbalanced stratified sample c. secondary stratified sample d. analytical sample

Q: A stratified sample in which the number of sampling units drawn from each stratum is in proportion to the population size of that stratum is called a(n) _____. a. proportional stratified sample b. balanced stratified sample c. even stratified sample d. primary stratified sample

Q: In which type of sampling is a subsample drawn using simple random sampling within each stratum of the population? a. cluster sampling b. stratified sampling c. systematic sampling d. convenience sampling

Q: If a researcher wants to select 50 customers from a sampling frame of 250 customers who have purchased at least $10,000 worth of products from his company within the past six months using a systematic sampling technique, after a random start, the researcher should select every ______ name on the list. a. 20th b. 10th c. 5th d. 50th

Q: A sampling procedure in which a starting point is selected by a random process and then every nth number on the list is selected is called a(n) _____. a. cluster sampling b. analytic sampling c. systematic sampling d. stratified sampling

Q: When a researcher puts the name of each person on a sampling frame list on a 3" x 5" card, shuffles the cards thoroughly, and then selects 35 names from the top of the pile of cards for a phone interview study, this is an example of what type of sampling procedure? a. judgment sample b. simple random sample c. stratified sample d. area sample

Q: A sampling procedure that assures each element in the population of an equal chance of being included in the sample is called _____. a. simple random sampling b. primary random sampling c. primary sampling d. stratified sampling

Q: A marketing researcher wants to put together four focus groups of 18-24 year-old males who are "heavy downloaders of music" (defined as downloading 50 songs per month). He finds one person in the target market who qualifies and then asks that person to suggest the names of two other males between the ages of 18-24 who download music so that he can invite them to participate in the focus group. These people, in turn, are each asked to suggest two others similar to themselves to participate in the focus group study. This procedure represents what type of sampling procedure? a. stepwise sample b. judgment sample c. area sample d. snowball sample

Q: Which type of sampling procedure selects initial respondents using probability methods and selects subsequent respondents from information provided by those initial respondents? a. snowball sample b. stepwise sample c. judgment sample d. secondary sampling

Q: Discuss the features of self-administered Internet surveys.

Q: Discuss factors to consider when determining the order of questions on a questionnaire.

Q: A researcher is conducting a study on attitudes toward and the prevalence of drinking and driving among teens and young adults and is concerned that respondents will be reluctant to answer honestly. Discuss how the researcher can ask questions that will more likely lead to honest answers among respondents.

Q: Name and define the primary types of fixed-alternative questions.

Q: Compare and contrast open-ended and fixed-alternative questions and give an example of each.

Q: List the six key decisions in questionnaire design.

Q: The process of taking a questionnaire that has previously been translated from one language to another and having it translated back again by a second, independent translator is called _____.

Q: _____ software allows question answers to be inserted into later questions.

Q: A graphical question that tracks the parts of an image that most captures a respondent's attention is called a(n) _____ question.

Q: A respondent who quits taking a survey resulting in an incomplete survey is called a(n) _____.

Q: A question that "screens out" respondents because they do not qualify to answer a subsequent question (e.g. "Do you own a DVD player?") is called a(n) ______ question.

Q: In a personal interview, asking general questions before asking specific questions in order to create less bias in the responses is known as the ______ technique.

Q: When the respondent's answers to previous questions in a questionnaire create a bias in his or her answers to later questions, this is known as ______ bias.

Q: A question that is written in such a way that it really asks two questions at the same time (e.g. two separate ideas separated by "and") is called a(n) ______ question.

Q: An introductory statement or preamble to a potentially embarrassing question that reduces a respondent's reluctance to answer by suggesting that certain behavior is not unusual is called a(n) _____ statement.

Q: A question that is written in such a way that it arouses strong emotion in the respondent is called a(n) _____ question.

Q: Questions that suggest or imply a certain answer are called ______ questions.

Q: A fixed-alternative question which lists ten possible services that could be provided by a local bank and asks respondents to check as many as apply to the question: "Which of the following banking services do you currently use for First City Bank?" is an example of a(n) ______ question.

Q: A fixed-alternative question in which the respondent is asked to check either " _____ Yes or _____ No" is an example of a(n) ______ question.

Q: A question in which the respondent is given a list of possible responses and is asked to choose one of them is an example of a(n) ______ question.