Q&A Hero

Q: An enduring disposition to respond consistently to an aspect of the world is called a(n) ______.

Q: _____ validity represents the uniqueness or distinctiveness of a measure.

Q: _____ validity is the ability of a measure to correlate with other standard measures of similar constructs or established criteria.

Q: The degree of agreement among judges that a scale measures what it is intended to measure is called the ______ validity of the scale.

Q: _____ is the accuracy of a measure or the extent to which a score truthfully represents a concept.

Q: _____ is the most commonly applied estimate of a multiple item scale's reliability and represents the average of all possible split-half reliabilities for a construct.

Q: The degree to which a measurement instrument yields consistent results is called the ______ of the instrument.

Q: _____ means that the value assigned for a response is treated oppositely from the other items.

Q: A(n) _____ measure assigns a value to an observation based on a mathematical derivation of multiple variables.

Q: Measures that assign values anywhere along some scale range in a place that corresponds to the intensity of some concept are called _____ measures.

Q: Measures that take on only one of a finite number of values are called _____ measures.

Q: A _____ scale has an absolute zero point.

Q: A scale which arranges objects so that they are equally-distant from one another is called a(n) ______ scale.

Q: A scale which arranges objects in order according to their relative magnitude to one another is called a(n) ______ scale.

Q: A scale in which letters (e.g. A, B, C, and so on) are assigned to objects to serve as identification labels for the objects is called a(n) _____ scale.

Q: Scales provide _____ rules that indicate that a certain value on a scale corresponds to some true value of a concept.

Q: The process involving identifying scales that correspond to properties of a concept is called _____.

Q: A generalized idea that represents something of meaning is called a(n) ______.

Q: What type of scale is the following? How likely are you to purchase an iPhone within the next six months? ____ Definitely will purchase ____ Probably will purchase ____ Might purchase ____ Probably will not purchase ____ Definitely will not purchase a. Likert b. behavioral intention c. semantic differential d. constant-sum

Q: Which model constructs an attitude score based on the multiplicative sum of beliefs about an option times the evaluation of those belief characteristics? a. multi-attribute model b. Elaboration Likelihood Model c. additive model d. attribution model

Q: When a respondent is asked whether he agrees, disagrees, or has no opinion to a series of statements, what type of scale is being used? a. forced choice b. Likert c. semantic differential d. non-forced-choice

Q: When a respondent is required to choose one of the fixed alternatives, what type of scale is being used? a. semantic differential b. forced-choice c. non-forced-choice d. symmetric

Q: Which type of scale is the following? ____ Satisfied ____ Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied ____ Dissatisfied ____ Very dissatisfied a. Thurstone b. unbalanced c. paired comparison d. balanced

Q: Which type of fixed-alternative rating scale has more response categories at one end than the other, resulting in an unequal number of positive and negative categories? a. biased rating scale b. skewed rating scale c. obtuse rating scale d. unbalanced rating scale

Q: Which type of scale is the following? ____ Very Satisfied ____ Satisfied ____ Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied ____ Dissatisfied ____ Very dissatisfied a. balanced b. Thurstone c. unbalanced d. semantic differential

Q: In which type of scale is a neutral point, or point of indifference, at the center of the scale? a. synergistic b. symmetrical c. unbalanced d. balanced

Q: If researcher wish to compare six brands of HDTVs on the basis of quality, how many paired comparisons will be necessary? a. 3 b. 6 c. 15 d. 30

Q: What type of measurement is the following? I would like to know your overall opinion of two brands of athletic shoes. They are Nike and New Balance. Overall, which of these two brands -- Nike or New Balance-- do you think is the better one? Or are both the same? ____ Nike is better ____ New Balance is better ____ They are about the same a. semantic differential b. Thurstone c. paired comparison d. constant-sum

Q: What type of scale is the following? Please an X at the position on the horizontal line that most reflects your feelings regarding the atmosphere of this restaurant. Modern _______________ Old-fashioned a. graphic rating b. Likert c. linear d. category

Q: Which measure of attitude allows respondents to rate an object by choosing any point along a graphic continuum? a. continuous rating scale b. point scale c. graphic rating scale d. line scale

Q: What type of scale is the following? United Parcel Service (UPS) would like you to distribute 50 points among the following in terms of how important each aspect is to you for your overnight shipping needs: _____ Accurate billing _____ On-time delivery _____ Price a. Likert b. paired comparison c. Thurstone d. constant-sum

Q: A type of scale that demands that respondents divide points among several attributes to indicate their relative importance is called a _____. a. constant-sum scale b. Likert scale c. Stapel scale d. semantic differential

Q: What type of scale is the following? Contemporary ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ Traditional a. Likert b. graphic rating c. Thurstone d. semantic differential

Q: Which type of scale has respondents describe their attitude using a series of bipolar rating scales? a. Likert b. constant-sum c. semantic differential d. Thurstone

Q: How many choices do researchers commonly use when using Likert scales? a. two b. three c. five d. ten

Q: What type of scale is the following? The food at Applebee's is delicious. Strongly Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Disagree a. semantic differential b. constant-sum c. Thurstone d. Likert

Q: Which type of scale asks respondents to indicate their attitudes by checking how strongly they agree or disagree with carefully constructed statements? a. constant-sum b. Likert c. Stapel d. graphic rating

Q: When a respondent is asked: "How often, on the average, do you go out to a movie?" and is asked to indicate her answer by circling one of the following: never, rarely, sometimes, often, very often, this is an example of a _____ scale. a. semantic differential b. Likert c. category d. constant-sum

Q: When a respondent is given a set of 3" x 5" cards containing the current advertising slogan for a brand or product on each card and is asked to place the cards into two piles: (1) Recognize this slogan and can identify the brand/product and (2) Do not recognize the slogan, this is an example of a ______ task. a. rating b. ranking c. constant-sum d. sorting

Q: When a respondent is asked to place each shopping mall in a list of four local shopping malls in the order in which she prefers to shop at each mall, this is an example of a ______ task. a. rating b. ranking c. sorting d. semantic differential

Q: "I plan to buy a new digital camera sometime in the next three months" is an aspect of which component of an attitude? a. cognitive b. affective c. behavioral d. personal

Q: Laurie believes a Honda Accord gets 36 miles per gallon. This belief represents which component of her attitude toward this automobile? a. affective b. behavioral c. cognitive d. personal

Q: Which attitude component represents a person's awareness and knowledge of the relative matter? a. affective b. cognitive c. behavioral d. personal

Q: "I hate asparagus" is an example of which component of an attitude toward asparagus? a. affective b. behavioral c. cognitive d. perceptive

Q: Which of the following is a basic component of an attitude? a. cognitive component b. affective component c. behavioral component d. all of these choices

Q: A(n) _____ is an enduring disposition to consistently respond in a given manner to various aspects of the world? a. attitude b. concept c. expectation d. construct

Q: Which type of validity represents how unique or distinct a measure is? a. content validity b. convergent validity c. discriminant validity d. criterion validity

Q: Which type of validity is another way of expressing internal consistency? a. content validity b. convergent validity c. criterion validity d. discriminant validity

Q: Which of the following is a component of construct validity? a. face validity b. discriminant validity c. convergent validity d. all of these choices

Q: Which type of validity addresses the question, "Does my measure correlate with measures of similar concepts or known quantities?" a. face validity b. reliability validity c. criterion validity d. discriminant validity

Q: Another name for face validity is ______ validity. a. criterion b. content c. test-retest d. split-half

Q: When a group of experts agrees that a measuring instrument measures what it is intended to measure, we say that the instrument has ______ validity. a. face b. criterion c. test-retest d. equivalent-forms

Q: All of the following are basic aspects of validity EXCEPT _____. a. primary validity b. face validity c. construct validity d. criterion validity

Q: The ability of a measuring instrument to measure what it is supposed to measure is the basic purpose of ______. a. reliability b. validity c. sensitivity d. indexing

Q: _____ is the accuracy of a measure or the extent to which a score truthfully represents a concept. a. Reliability b. Validity c. Consistency d. Authenticity

Q: A researcher who administers the same scale to the same respondents at two separate times to test for stability is using which method of assessing the scale's reliability? a. coefficient alpha b. split-half method c. test-retest method d. before/after method

Q: Which of the following represents the average of all possible split-half reliabilities for a construct? a. R2 b. S c. a d. W

Q: The most commonly applied estimate of a composite scale's reliability is _____. a. coefficient alpha b. coefficient beta c. criterion coefficient d. an index coefficient

Q: When a researcher measures the reliability of an instrument by comparing the results of the odd-numbered questions with the results of the even-numbered questions, this is an example of _____ reliability. a. test-retest b. split-half c. equivalent-forms d. criterion

Q: _____ represents a measure's homogeneity or the extent to which each indicator of a concept converges on a common meaning. a. Internal consistency b. Validity c. Internal validity d. External consistency

Q: Which of the following is an indicator of a measure's internal consistency? a. reliability b. validity c. coefficient beta d. sensitivity

Q: Which of the following means that the value assigned for a response is treated oppositely from the other items in a scale? a. reverse coding b. indexing c. alpha coding d. convergence

Q: A researcher is measuring consumers' attitudes toward product placement in movies using five attitude items. She created a scale by simply summing the response to each item making up the composite measure. This composite measure is called a(n) _____. a. derived scale b. additive scale c. summated scale d. primary scale

Q: Which type of measure assigns a value to an observation based on a mathematical derivation of multiple measures? a. conglomerate measure b. derivative measure c. summated measure d. composite measure

Q: Carla is using education, income, and occupation to develop a measure of social class. What type of measure for social class is she developing? a. index measure b. valid measure c. reliable measure d. concurrent measure

Q: Which type of measure assigns a value based on how much of the concept being measured is associated with an observation and is formed by putting several variables together systematically? a. conglomerate measure b. multiplicative measure c. index measure d. multidimensional measure

Q: Gas mileage is an example of a(n) _____ of an automobile. a. attribute b. concept c. measure d. attitude

Q: A(n) _____ is a single characteristic or fundamental feature of an object, person, situation, or issue. a. concept b. variable c. attribute d. construct

Q: Age is an example of a _____ measure. a. nominal b. biological c. discrete d. continuous

Q: Measures that reflect the intensity of a concept by assigning values that can take on any value along some scale range are called _____. a. discrete measures b. continuous measures c. absolute measures d. valid measures

Q: Which of the following is a discrete measure? a. nominal scale b. sensitive scale c. ratio scale d. all of these choices

Q: Measures that can take on only one of a finite number of values are called _____. a. discrete measures b. neutral measures c. limited measures d. continuous measures

Q: All of the following can be measured using ratio scales EXCEPT _____. a. gender b. income c. temperature d. weight

Q: Which of the following is a defining characteristic in determining between ratio and interval scales? a. number of items b. absolute zero c. number of intervals d. nominal values

Q: How much a person weighs is best described as an example of a(n) ______ scale. a. ordinal b. interval c. ratio d. nominal

Q: Which type of scale represents the highest form of measurement? a. nominal scale b. ordinal c. ratio d. interval

Q: Which type of scale has all the properties of an interval scale with the additional attribute of representing absolute quantities, characterized by a meaningful absolute zero? a. nominal scale b. discrete scale c. infinite scale d. ratio scale

Q: The Fahrenheit temperature scale is best described as an example of a(n) ______ scale because it doesn"t have an absolute zero point. a. ratio b. nominal c. interval d. ordinal

Q: A scale which arranges brands in an ordered sequence in which there is an equal interval between each point on the scale is an example of a(n) ______ scale. a. interval b. ratio c. nominal d. ordinal

Q: When respondents are asked to place local shopping malls so that their first choice is 1, their second choice is 2, and so forth, this is best-described as an example of a(n) ______ scale. a. ordinal b. ratio c. interval d. nominal